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MODULE II - OPERATING PROCEDURES

  • KEEPING THE QRM LEVEL DOWN

    A "JAMMER" (QRM) is anyone who causes intentional interference or disturbance on the frequency. He is a heckler who finds satisfaction in getting you mad. A jammer usually stays long on the frequency if he is "entertained" or if you "fight" him.

    SOME TECHNIQUES IN GETTING RID OF THE QRM

    1. Ignore the QRM. This is the first rule. Pretend that he is not there at all. Don't make any call unless it is a priority one. The jammer will eventually leave the frequency. In this way, you win. If you entertain him, you lose.

    2. Make a quick call.

    a) If you have a priority call but your signal is weaker than that of the jammer's, make your call during a gap or pause in between the jammer's transmission, quick enough so that your call cannot be "stepped on" on by the jammer's next transmission, but enough to be heard by the station being called. (Jammers usually make pauses to monitor if anybody is "reacting" to him)

    b) If your signal, however, is stronger than that of the jammer's, you may "step on" the jammer and make your call. In this way, the jammer will never know that a call is being made.

    c) If you are responding to a priority call and both your signal and that of the caller are weaker than that of the jammer's, respond during a gap or pause in the jammer's transmission by immediately giving the frequency or preferably, the memory channel, quick enough so as not to be "stepped on" by the jammer's next transmission but enough to be heard by the caller.

    d) If your signal is stronger than that of the jammer's, you may "step on" the jammer and respond by just giving the QSY frequency. In this way, you QSY with the caller and the jammer will never know that a successful contact was made.

    e) After a contact is established, QSY immediately. Then QSY further to another frequency to make it difficult for the jammer to follow.

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    3. QRM VS. QSP. When two stations, because of weak signals or distance are having difficulty in receiving each other's signal, a QSP by a relay station capable of transceiving traffic to and from these stations is usually done. If there is a QRM, the relay operation becomes difficult. A relay station must use a stronger signal to "step on the jammer."

    SOME TECHNIQUES IN QSP

    a) QSY to a memory channel. Club members and friends of members usually set the QSY frequencies to the same memory channel in their transceiver units. In this way, only the memory channel number and not the frequency number is given by the relay station.

    b) QSY to another frequency if the preceding technique is not possible. If his station's signal is stronger than that of the jammer's, the relay station "steps on" the jammer and gives the QSY frequency. If the jammer's signal is stronger than his, the Relay Station should look for a station with a stronger signal to relay the QSY frequency or to do the entire relay operation.

    c) Keep silent or QRX for a few minutes for the jammer to think that you are no longer on the frequency. The QRM usually makes a pause, then the frequency becomes silent. It's either the QRM is no longer there or is only on QRX. Whichever, the relay station quickly transmits the memory channel number or the QSY frequency. The stations seeking QSP should be alert enough to quickly QSY with the relay station. At the QSY station, another QSY is made for the relay of traffic.

    QRM DURING NET CALL.

    a) Continue the Net and ignore the jammer especially when his signal is weak and the checking in stations can "step on" the jammer's signal.

    b) Check in quickly during a pause in the jammer's transmission by just transmitting your call sign. Less important traffic or message can wait until the QRM leaves the Net.

    c) All other stations with strong signal should be ready for QSP (See also Chapter Chapter VII - "The Net Call" and "QRM VS. VSP", Ibid.).

    d) Never make unnecessary remarks. Stations with strong signals should never QSO when the QRM is around during the Net to avoid "stepping on" the signal of checking in stations.

    e) The Net Control may temporarily halt the Net Call if the jammer is persistent and does not leave the frequency or the Control may just stop the call. He advises the station to refrain from checking in and let the Watchdogs Committee or "Foxhunters" take charge.

    QRM DURING QSO.

    a) Pretend that the jammer is a 'breaker' on the frequency. Don't mention that there is a jammer. Or pretend that the jammer is an "underlapping station" trying to break into the QSO. Acknowledge his "break". The jammer sometimes joins into the QSO, identifies himself and becomes a friend.

    b) Club members and friends usually set in their transceiver units, the same frequencies to the same memory channels or the same channel number. When the QRM is around during the QSO, the channel number is given, not the frequency number to QSY. Two or more memory channels will make it very hard for the QRM to follow.

    c) Ignore the QRM and continue your QSO if all your signals can "step on" the QRM's.

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