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There are various methods to predict HF propagation conditions.
For example:
- DX Clusters: Data from QSO reports show real-time band activity in various parts of the world on specific HF bands. This data may indicate propagation conditions for the hour, unless there are any space weather events that could disrupt HF communication.
- Space weather services provide real-time data on solar-space-terrestrial interactions, which affect HF propagation conditions. Monitoring these services allows operators to make accurate predictions about global and regional propagation conditions.
- Simulation: Software packages can predict long-term HF propagation conditions using propagation models and real-time regional ionospheric conditions. See reviews of such packages.
Overall, online HF propagation evalutaions can be made using a combination of the above methods to get the most accurate and up-to-date information.
If you need a short term prediction (i.e. forecast) it is recommended to use MUF 3000 Km Propagation Map.
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