Understanding Skywave Propagation

An overview

Radio amateurs use a variety of propagation modes, including line-of-sight, ground-wave, and skywave.

Illustration of HF Propagation Modes

Line of sight involves direct transmission; ground waves descend along Earth's surface; and skywaves (HF bands) bounce off the ionosphere over very long distances. Therefore, understanding skywave propagation is essential for radio amateurs.

The solar radiation generates Earth's ionosphere, that enables HF radio waves to be reflected and propage over very long distances.

Long distance communication by ionospheric refractions

The "propagation conditions" of skywave change along time of day, seasons, and due to the erratic solar activity.

Understanding skywave propagation is crucial for a successful communication of radio operators, requiring them to learn and practice various factors.

_{The Understanding Skywave Propagation Project provides radio amateurs with a detailed overview and tutorials.}