What is Total Electron Content?

Total Electron Content (TEC) is a measure of the total number of free electrons in a column of the Earth's ionosphere, expressed in units of electrons per square meter. TEC is an important parameter for studying the Earth's ionosphere, as it provides information about the density and distribution of electrons in the ionosphere.

TEC is typically measured using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, such as those transmitted by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other satellite navigation systems. As these signals pass through the ionosphere, they are delayed and distorted by the free electrons in the ionosphere. By analyzing the delays in the signals, scientists can estimate the TEC along the path of the signal.

TEC is an important parameter for a range of applications, including satellite navigation, atmospheric and climate research, and space weather forecasting. It can provide information about the structure and dynamics of the ionosphere, and can be used to detect and monitor ionospheric disturbances, such as those caused by solar flares or geomagnetic storms.

You may find more detailed information in the main webpage, here. See also an index for HF Radio Propagarion.