What is Total Electron Content?

Total Electron Content (TEC) is a measure of the total number of free electrons in a column of the Earth's ionosphere, expressed in units of electrons per square meter.

TEC is typically measured using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, such as those transmitted by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other satellite navigation systems. As these signals pass through the ionosphere, they are delayed and distorted by the free electrons in the ionosphere. By analyzing the delays in the signals, scientists can estimate the TEC along the path of the signal.

Ionospheric total electron content is important for radio-based systems like GPS, communication, and remote sensing, as it influences total ionospheric delay and readiness for hazardous conditions. It can provide information about the structure and dynamics of the ionosphere, and can be used to detect and monitor ionospheric disturbances, such as those caused by solar flares or geomagnetic storms.

See additional information about Total Electron Content. See also an index for HF Radio Propagarion.