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Marcus
Martins / Minas Gerais / São Paulo / BRASIL
Portuguese
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- ( Reproduction of this text is authorized provided the holder is preserved and mentioned - All Rights Reserved - Marcus Martins - PY4SM / PY2DD / ZW4SM )
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Reproduction of this text is authorized provided the holder is preserved and mentioned - Copyright - Marcus Martins - PY4SM / PY2DD / ZW4SM
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- Tuning station of radio from the Middle East in OM
- By Sarmento Campos - Rio de Janeiro - http://www.ondascurtas.com
Initially a brief commentary on the shortwave: They are the portion of
the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to frequencies between 3 and
30 Mhz Its main feature is the spread of national and international
radio communications (shortwave broadcasting) , amateur radio (ham
radio) and mobile stations shipping over long distances. Dxismo or SWL
of The shortwave is the activity of listening stations of national and
international radios "savoring and enjoying" the broadcast programs such
as news, sports and music, among others. The DXista
or SWL (as it is called the radio listener) can send letter for
broadcasters heard with your signal report, comments and suggestions.
Broadcasters always thank the correspondence received by sending
brochures, giveaways and the QSL card issuer.
Discuss in more detail based on our experience in the practice of this
charming hobby, we practice for over 30 years and still excites us and
distracts... At first advise the radio-listener using a receiver capable of
receiving at least in the short wave bands of 25, 31 and 49 meters as well as
the medium wave... So, they may be heard and distant locations stations and
get used to it gradually to acquire a practice that may justify the purchase
of a more powerful receiver and more "bands", more sensitive and will
facilitate those "more laborious and difficult hunt." The principle should be
chosen the nearest stations, preferably national with its signals always very
strong and slowly, slowly, more distant stations; parallel will get used and
better understand the problems of propagation, noise and interference of all
kinds, best times and etc.
There are these stations the "listeners clubs" through which it is possible to change many details interesting publications, postcards and etc. As a general rule the main activity of DXista is to cooperate voluntarily with the radio stations, developing and sending them the radio reception reports.
But first we must understand that radio waves are electromagnetic waves
that are produced when electric charges come into oscillation or
vibration. The waves are energetic pulses that propagate in space carrying
energy. Examples of these waves: radio waves, TV, mobile, internet,
ultrasound, microwave, x-rays, etc. Electromagnetic waves have been
described mathematically by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in
the nineteenth century. It was based on the equations of scientists:
Coulomb, Ampere, Faraday and Gauss, giving them a new vision and forming a
set of four equations that demonstrate the interaction between the
electric field and magnetic field and its relations with the voltage and
electric current. These equations have come to be known as Maxwell's
equations and are the basis of electromagnetism. Maxwell also proved that
light is an electromagnetic wave and that all electromagnetic waves
propagate in vacuum at the speed of light (c = 3108 m / s). If we have an
electronic circuit able to make the vibrating loads, ie, a frequency
oscillator which leads to a transmitter and we connect this to an antenna,
important phenomena take place... The
antenna which is the most important equipment for both reception as
for transmission, produces an electromagnetic disturbance that propagates
through space at a speed of 300,000 km / seconds.
Vibrations or "waves" of this frequency then have a length of 300 meters.
Then associate with a frequency value a wavelength that is simply calculated
by dividing 300 million by the frequency value in point: Y = 300,000,000 / f
(where "Y" is the wavelength at (meters) and " f" frequency in hertz (cycles
per second). See then that if the frequency is 10.000.000Hz (10Mhz or 10
MHz), we will have more waves occupying the same space of 300,000,000
meters, where the wavelength associated is only 30 meters. Similarly, for
100.000.000Hz (100Mhz) will have a wavelength of only 3 meters. For higher
frequencies have then a time shorter wave length or "shorter". An division
between the different frequencies allows a separation that are long waves,
medium and short wave, which exhibit different behaviors when they propagate
through space. Thus, waves of 100kHz to 500kHz approximately calls are long
wave (LW). These waves they have a very high penetration, tending to spread
along the ground and, unless using very high power, do not go too far. As
these waves can penetrate the sea water with relative ease and the sea from
spreading is favored, the navies of many countries use these frequencies for
communication with submarines ships.
In Europe these waves are also used to commercial radio stations, since the medium-wave range that is typically used for this, in that region is very congested. Usually seasons of great powers that are "local" services and operating in frequencies of Long Waves (OL). In Brazil, this band is used for guidance of aircraft approaching airport system. It hears a signal code that identifies the airport (tuning these tracks you will hear a series of "beeps" in Morse code with Airport acronym) and allows the plane to find even under bad weather conditions. Next comes the range of 500KHz to 1600KHz corresponding to wavelengths of 600 meters and 187.5 meters which corresponds to the call waves Medium (OM).
This band in all countries is used only for commercial broadcast stations (OM). The signals of these stations do not normally have a very high penetration, so its spread during the day is restricted to a maximum of 100 or 200 kilometers. During the night some phenomena come into play as we shall see, and these waves can reach hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. The length of these waves is relatively large and allows them to bypass certain obstacles, such as mountains and metal structures, thus facilitating their capture in locations where other signals (FM and TV for example) do not reach well. As the scope "fixed" signs this range does not go beyond a few tens of kilometers and relies heavily on the transmitter power, the OM is used only for local services. Finally we got to stretch from 1600KHz the 50MHz corresponding to wavelengths from 187.5 to 6 meters. Waves are "much shorter" that precisely correspond to what we call Shortwave or OC. This track is quite extensive, and therefore need to make an additional division. The signals of different frequencies in this range have different lengths and propagate differently, depending on many factors, such as:
Time = It is known that the sun influences the propagation of waves acting directly on the ionosphere and atmospheric electricity. The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere between 80 and 400 kilometers high in that form regions or sub- layers (designated by letters) which reflect radio waves, but only certain shortwave frequencies and tracks, depending its altitude. Reflecting these ionized layers (charged electricity ) and also on the ground (or the sea) , the waves can travel great distances such as from one country to another or even go around the world. That's why in the range of shortwave can, in favorable conditions, capture stations from other continents.
Solar activity = (this factor is important) if the sun is not " calm", if there are disturbances on its surface such as explosions, stains, etc., and it rushes in cycles and some 11 years, is released on the earth a true "rain" of electrified particles that can even destroy, for a time, the ionosphere layers interrupting the propagation of short waves. This ability to achieve great distances with shortwave, thanks to its reflection in the ionosphere, is leading the man to use them in various types of services such as: global reach of broadcasting, amateur communications (hams), utilities, military, and maritime communications between aircraft.
Upon hearing the signs of a shortwave radio in the then we encounter
strange things well: in addition to broadcasting stations that broadcast
programs in many different languages (depending on your country), also
heard signals like running machines... These signals correspond to telex
machines or even fax - simile that can spread from one country to the
other news and pictures that are decoded by special machines. We can
hear resins encoded in Morse code which, being continuous and provided
with less detail, are less subject to interference problems and can
reach farther than the spoken word.
The ships use the telegraph signals to communicate. We can also hear signals that correspond to voices "shuffled" we cannot understand even adjusting and tuning the receiver. These are signals SSB (Single Side Band), which is a method of "focusing " the signal power , yielding over range and occupying less space in the frequency range . To "decode" these signs and listen well the talk you need a special receiver or a device called BFO.
As we are seeing the scope of each track shortwave depends on several factors... Note that there is a division in types of issue and pre-set frequency limits, know though these limits are constantly monitored by the authorities and that violate them by issuing which is not allowed, it can lead to seizure of the equipment. That is why always warn those wishing to use long wave transmitters, medium, short, or FM about the dangers of their use without knowledge, permission or illegally!
| Distribution table and use of radio frequencies | ||||
| Frequency in KHz | Use / Services | Frequency in KHz | Use / Services | |
| 9 a 19,95 | Radionavegação | 129.750 | Aeroporto São Paulo | |
| 19,95 a 20,05 | Padrão frequência e horário | 130.000 | Aeroporto de Lins | |
| 70 a 72 | Radionavegação | 130.300 | Aeroporto Alpinópolis MG | |
| 72 a 84 | Radionavegação fixa e móvel | 130.500 | Aeroporto de Araçatuba SP | |
| 73 | Radioamador (Inglaterra) | 130.550 | Avião-Avião SP | |
| 84 a 86 | Radionavegação | 132.100 | Torre Aeroporto de Anápolis GO | |
| 86 a 90 | Radionavegação fixa e móvel | 132.100 | Congonha Final | |
| 90 a 130 | Radionavegação fixa | 132.500 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | |
| 136 | Radioamador (Inglaterra) | 133.700 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | |
| 110 a 160 | Radionavegação móvel marítimo | 130.800 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | |
| 150 a 285 | Ondas longas (LW) | 130.900 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | |
| 160 a 190 | Fixa | 131.000 | GOL Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | |
| 190 a 285 | Radionavegação aeronáutica | 131.100 | GOL Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | |
| 285 a 315 | Radionavegação marítima | 131.800 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife | |
| 315 a 495 | Radionavegação aero/marítima | 133.300 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | |
| 495 a 505 | Socorro móvel | 133.800 | Aeroporto Porto Velho | |
| 505 a 525 | Móvel Radionavegação aeronáutica | 135.670 | Esquadrilha da fumaça | |
| 525 a 1.625 | Radiodifusão ondas médias (MW) | 135.750 | Aeroporto Cumbica SP | |
| 540 a 1.710 | Radio AM | 137.500 | Satélite Meteorológico NOAA 10 e 12 | |
| 1.625 a 1.800 | Radionavegação aeronáutica | 137.620 | Satélite Meteorológico NOAA 9 e 11 | |
| 1.800 a 1.850 | Radioamadorismo 160 mts | 138.000 a 143.600 | Fixo móvel | |
| 1.850 a 2.000 | Móvel radiolocalização | 140.520 | Policia federal | |
| 2.000 a 2.173,5 | Móvel marítimo | 142.230 | Policia Federal | |
| 2.086 | Telefonia marítima | 143.600 a 143.650 | Pesquisa espacial | |
| 2.173,5 a 2.190,5 | Socorro marítimo | 143.650 a 144.000 | Fixo móvel | |
| 2.190,5 a 2.300 | Fixo móvel marítimo | 144.000 a 144.049 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Reflexão Lunar | |
| 2.300 a 2.495 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas (SW) 120 mts | 144.050 a 144.100 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Emissões Piloto | |
| 2.495 a 2.505 | Horário frequência padrão | 144.100 a 144.190 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Reflexão Lunar | |
| 2.505 a 3.155 | Fixo móvel aeronáutica | 144.200 a 144.290 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts DX | |
| 3.155 a 3.200 | Fixo móvel exceto aeronáutica | 144.300 a 144.470 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts DX Nacional | |
| 3.200 a 3.400 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 90 mts | 144.475 a 144.500 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts - chamada | |
| 3.205 a 3.395 | Radio ondas curtas 90m | 144.500 a 144.600 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts TX em SSB | |
| 3.452 | Aeroporto Salvador | 144.600 a 144.890 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts TX SSB Repet | |
| 3.479 | SSB Aéreo Brasília | 144.900 a 145.190 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Comunicados | |
| 3.479 | Aeroporto Belém | 145.200 a 145.500 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Repet FM | |
| 3.500 a 3.800 | Radioamadorismo 80 mts | 145.500 a 146.000 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts digi Satélites | |
| 3.800 a 4.750 | Fixo móvel diversos | 146.000 a 146.370 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Repet FM | |
| 3.950 a 4.000 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 75 mts | 146.400 a 146.580 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Comunicados | |
| 4.072 | Socorro Internacional | 146.600 a 147.390 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Repet FM | |
| 4.125 | SOS Atlântico sul | 147.420 a 147.570 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Comunicados | |
| 4.750 a 4.995 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 60 mts | 147.600 a 147.990 | Radioamadorismo 2 mts Repet FM | |
| 4.995 a 5.003 | Frequência padrão e horário | 148.000 a 150.050 | Fixo móvel | |
| 5.005 a 5.060 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 60 mts | 149.130 | Policia Guarulhos | |
| 5.060 a 5.900 | Fixo móvel diverso | 149.130 | Policia Mogi | |
| 5.526 | Aeroporto Belém | 149.770 | Policia civil Mogi das Cruzes | |
| 5.559 | Aeroporto Criciúma SC | 150.000 | Satélite Wefax | |
| 5.565 | Aeroporto Salvador | 150.470/151.950 | RPT AERONÁUTICA IV COMAR | |
| 5.710 | Aeroporto Alpinópolis MG | 151.610 | Aeronáutica IV Comar | |
| 5.950 a 6.200 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 49 mts | 151.790 | Aeronáutica IV Comar | |
| 6.550 | Aeroporto Araçatuba SP | 151.870 | Aeronáutica IV Comar | |
| 6.603 | Aeroporto Brasília | 151.990 | Aeronáutica IV Comar | |
| 6.200 a 7.000 | Fixo móvel diverso | 154.190 | Policia de Lins | |
| 7.000 a 7.300 | Radioamadorismo 40 mts | 154.730 | Policia Garra | |
| 7.300 a 7.350 | Radiodifusão | 155.310 | Copon Leste SP | |
| 7.350 a 9.400 | Fixo móvel diversos | 156.100 | Tráfego marítimo | |
| 8.816 | Aeroporto Criciúma SC | 156.525 | Iate Club | |
| 8.843 | Aeroporto Altamira PA | 156.750 | Telestrada | |
| 8.855 | Aeroporto Belém | 166.615 | BPM | |
| 8.861 | Aeroporto Salvador | 166.590 | 2 BPM | |
| 9.500 a 9.775 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 31 mts | 166.750 | 19 BPM | |
| 9.900 a 9.995 | Fixo | 166.770 | 8 BPM | |
| 9.995 a 10.005 | Frequência padrão horário | 166.790 | 21 BPM | |
| 10.005 a 10.138 | Fixo móvel aeronáutico | 167.030 | 16 BPM | |
| 10.042 | Aeroporto Altamira PA | 167.430 | 1 BPM | |
| 10.057 | Aeroporto Brasília | 167.510 | 14 BPM | |
| 10.096 | Aeroporto Belém | 167.570 | 17 BPM | |
| 10.138 a 10.150 | Radioamadorismo | 167.750 | 25 BPM | |
| 10.150 a 11.160 | Fixo móvel aeronáutico | 167.850 | BPM | |
| 11.160 a 12.100 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 25 mts | 167.790 | AB | |
| 12.100 a 13.570 | Fixo móvel diversos | 167.970 | 5 BMP | |
| 13.352 | Aeroporto Brasília | 168.090 | 31 BPM | |
| 13.570 a 13.870 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 22 mts | 168.150 | BPM | |
| 13.870 a 14.000 | Fixo | 168.170 | 6 BPM | |
| 14.000 a 14.350 | Radioamadorismo 20 mts | 168.290 | 17 BPM | |
| 14.350 a 14.990 | Fixo | 168.510 | BPM | |
| 14.990 a 15.010 | Frequência e horário padrão | 168.630 | 16 BPM | |
| 15.010 a 15.100 | Móvel aeronáutico | 172.650 | Copom Lins (Repetidora) | |
| 15.100 a 15.800 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 19 mts | 173.310 | Dersa | |
| 15.800 a 17.480 | Fixo móvel marítimo | 174.000 a 180.000 | Canal de TV (7) | |
| 17.480 a 17.900 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 16 mts | 180.000 a 186.000 | Canal de TV (8) | |
| 17.900 a 18.068 | Fixo móvel diversos | 186.000 a 192.000 | Canal de TV (9) | |
| 18.068 a 18.168 | Radioamadorismo 17 mts | 192.000 a 198.000 | Canal de TV (10) | |
| 18.168 a 18.900 | Fixo móvel marítimo | 198.000 a 204.000 | Canal de TV (11) | |
| 18.900 a 19.020 | Radiodifusão | 204.000 a 210.000 | Canal de TV (12) | |
| 19.020 a 19.995 | Fixo móvel marítimo | 210.000 a 216.000 | Canal de TV (13) | |
| 19.995 a 20.010 | Frequência horário padrão | 216.000 a 220.000 | Fixo radiolocalização | |
| 20.010 a 21.000 | Fixo | 220.000 a 225.000 | Radioamadorismo 1,3 mts | |
| 21.000 a 21.450 | Radioamadorismo 15 mts | 225.000 a 328.500 | Fixo móvel diversos | |
| 21.450 a 21.850 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 15 mts | 234.000 | TX para Localização de emergência | |
| 21.850 a 24.890 | Fixo móvel diversos | 243.000 | Emergência Militar Aeronáutica | |
| 24.890 a 24.990 | Radioamadorismo 12 mts | 328.500 a 400.050 | Radionavegação Aeronáutica | |
| 24.990 a 25.010 | Frequência horário padrão | 400.050 a 400.150 | Horário e frequência padrão | |
| 25.010 a 25.550 | Fixo móvel diversos | 400.150 a 410.000 | Móvel satélite | |
| 25.550 a 25.670 | Radioastronomia | 410.000 a 430.000 | Fixo | |
| 25.670 a 26.100 | Radiodifusão Ondas curtas 11 mts | 430.000 a 440.000 | Radioamadorismo 70 cm | |
| 26.100 a 26.960 | Fixo móvel e meteorologia | 440.550 | Votorantim | |
| 26.870 | Rádio Taxi | 452.525 | Policia Civil | |
| 26.960 a 27.610 | Faixa do cidadão 11 mts | 454.675 | Rádio Taxi | |
| 27.610 a 28.000 | Fixo móvel meteorologia | 456.125 | Aeroporto Congonhas | |
| 28.000 a 29.700 | Radioamadorismo 10 mts | 456.225 | Aeroporto Congonhas | |
| 31.350 | Rádio aviso | 456.275 | Aeroporto Congonhas | |
| 33.480 | Bombeiros | 456.325 | Aeroporto Congonhas | |
| 38.760 | Radio Taxi (Leste Taxi) | 456.335 | Taxi | |
| 38.770 | Rádio taxi | 456.350 | TV Gazeta | |
| 38.820 | Radio Taxi (Cooper Taxi) | 456.880 | RB | |
| 38.900 | Radio Taxi (Lig Taxi) | 456.900 | Rádio Taxi | |
| 39.020 | Bombeiros | 456.990 | Copon | |
| 39.020 | Policia Militar | 457.325 | PM Jundiaí | |
| 39.120 | Radio Taxi (Chame Taxi) | 457.500 | Policia Rodoviária | |
| 39.180 | Policia Militar | 457.575 | Aeroporto | |
| 39.500 | Policia rodoviária | 457.900 | Cepol | |
| 39.750 | Policia rodoviária | 462.562,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 41.236 | Móvel marítimo | 462.575 | SP10 Motorola ch1 | |
| 41.000 a 47.000 | Canal de TV (1) | 462.587,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 44.318 | Iate Club | 462.612,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 46.610 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 1 BASE | 462.625 | SP10 Motorola ch2 | |
| 46.630 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 2 BASE | 462.637,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 46.670 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 3 BASE | 462.662,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 46.710 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 4 BASE | 462.675 | SP10 Motorola ch3 | |
| 46.730 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 5 BASE | 462.687,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 46.770 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 6 BASE | 462.712,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 46.830 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 7 BASE | 462.775 | Rádio Taxi | |
| 46.870 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 8 BASE | 463.450 | Constran | |
| 46.930 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 9 BASE | 464.375 | Rota | |
| 46.970 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 10 BASE | 464.825 | SP10 Motorola ch7 | |
| 47.100 | Policia rodoviária | 466.675 | Copon | |
| 47.580 | Policia rodoviária | 467.562,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.670 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 1 MONOFONE | 467.587,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.845 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 2 MONOFONE | 467.612,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.860 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 3 MONOFONE | 467.637,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.770 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 4 MONOFONE | 467.662,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.875 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 5 MONOFONE | 467.687,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.830 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 6 MONOFONE | 467.712,50 | TalkAbout UHF | |
| 49.890 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 7 MONOFONE | 467.762 | SP10 Motorola ch8 | |
| 49.930 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 8 MONOFONE | 467.812 | SP10 Motorola ch9 | |
| 49.970 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 9 MONOFONE | 467.850 | SP10 Motorola ch10 | |
| 49.990 | FM-Telefone s/ fio Canal 10 MONOFONE | 467.875 | SP10 Motorola ch11 | |
| 50.000 a 54.000 | Radioamador 6 mts | 467.900 | SP10 Motorola ch12 | |
| 54.000 a 60.000 | Canal de TV (2) | 467.925 | SP10 Motorola ch13 | |
| 60.000 a 66.000 | Canal de TV (3) | 468.750 | Constran | |
| 66.000 a 72.000 | Canal de TV (4) | 469.262 | SP10 Motorola ch14 | |
| 72.000 a 73.000 | Fixo móvel diversos | 469.500 | SP10 Motorola ch15 | |
| 74.600 a 74.800 | Radioastronomia | 469.550 | SP10 Motorola ch16 | |
| 75.200 a 76.000 | Fixo móvel diversos | 470.000 a 476.000 | Canais de TV UHF 14 | |
| 76.000 a 82.000 | Canal de TV (5) | 476.000 a 482.000 | Canais de TV UHF 15 | |
| 76.000 a 108.000 | Radiodifusão | 479.290 | Cepol | |
| 82.000 a 88.000 | Canal de TV (6) | 479.450 | Cepol | |
| 88.000 a 88.100 | Faixa de Broadcasting FM | 482.000 a 488.000 | Canais de TV UHF 16 | |
| 88.100 a 107.900 | Radio FM | 484.040 | Copon | |
| 108.000 a 117.975 | Radionavegação | 484.062 | Copon | |
| 109.300 | ILS GRU | 488.000 a 494.000 | Canais de TV UHF 17 | |
| 110.700 | ILS GRU | 491.130 | Palácio do Governo | |
| 112.000 | VOR DME CPQ | 494.000 a 500.000 | Canais de TV UHF 18 | |
| 112.300 | Aeroporto Rio Branco | 500.000 a 506.000 | Canais de TV UHF 19 | |
| 112.800 | Aeroporto de São José dos Campos | 506.000 a 512.000 | Canais de TV UHF 20 | |
| 112.900 | Aeroporto Tefé AM | 512.000 a 518.000 | Canais de TV UHF 21 | |
| 113.000 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 518.000 a 524.000 | Canais de TV UHF 22 | |
| 113.300 | Aeroporto Pelotas | 524.000 a 530.000 | Canais de TV UHF 23 | |
| 113.600 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 530.000 a 536.000 | Canais de TV UHF 24 | |
| 114.200 | Aeroporto de Urubumpunga SP | 536.000 a 542.000 | Canais de TV UHF 25 | |
| 114.900 | Aeroporto Manaus Ponta Pelada | 542.000 a 548.000 | Canais de TV UHF 26 | |
| 115.200 | Aeroporto Manaus | 548.000 a 554.000 | Canais de TV UHF 27 | |
| 116.900 | Aeroporto de Recife | 554.000 a 560.000 | Canais de TV UHF 28 | |
| 117.975 a 138.000 | Móvel para satélite | 560.000 a 566.000 | Canais de TV UHF 29 | |
| 118.100 | Aeroporto Cumbica | 566.000 a 572.000 | Canais de TV UHF 30 | |
| 118.100 | Torre Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 572.000 a 578.000 | Canais de TV UHF 31 | |
| 118.300 | Base aérea de Santos | 578.000 a 584.000 | Canais de TV UHF 32 | |
| 118.350 | Aproximação Aeroporto 2 de Julho - AM | 584.000 a 590.000 | Canais de TV UHF 33 | |
| 118.400 | Aeroporto Cumbica | 590.000 a 596.000 | Canais de TV UHF 34 | |
| 118.500 | Aeroporto de Porto Alegre | 596.000 a 602.000 | Canais de TV UHF 35 | |
| 118.700 | Aeroporto de Congonhas | 602.000 a 608.000 | Canais de TV UHF 36 | |
| 118.700 | Aeroporto Santos Dumont | 608.000 a 614.000 | Canais de TV UHF 37 | |
| 119.000 | Aeroporto de Porto Alegre | 614.000 a 620.000 | Canais de TV UHF 38 | |
| 119.100 | Aproximação Aeroporto 2 de Julho - AM | 620.000 a 626.000 | Canais de TV UHF 39 | |
| 119.300 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 626.000 a 632.000 | Canais de TV UHF 40 | |
| 119.300 | Aeroporto Salvador | 632.000 a 638.000 | Canais de TV UHF 41 | |
| 119.350 | Aeroporto Sta Maria RS | 638.000 a 644.000 | Canais de TV UHF 42 | |
| 119.900 | Aeroporto Rio Branco | 644.000 a 650.000 | Canais de TV UHF 43 | |
| 120.000 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 650.000 a 656.000 | Canais de TV UHF 44 | |
| 120.400 | Aeroporto Cumbica | 656.000 a 662.000 | Canais de TV UHF 45 | |
| 120.550 | Aeroporto de Porto Alegre | 662.000 a 668.000 | Canais de TV UHF 46 | |
| 120.700 | Aeroporto de Pirassununga Academia | 668.000 a 674.000 | Canais de TV UHF 47 | |
| 120.800 | Aeroporto Uberaba MG | 674.000 a 680.000 | Canais de TV UHF 48 | |
| 121.000 | Aeroporto Galeão | 680.000 a 686.000 | Canais de TV UHF 49 | |
| 121.300 | Busca e Salvamento AM | 686.000 a 692.000 | Canais de TV UHF 50 | |
| 121.300 | Aeroporto Bauru | 692.000 a 698.000 | Canais de TV UHF 51 | |
| 121.350 | Aeroporto Santa Maria RS | 698.000 a 704.000 | Canais de TV UHF 52 | |
| 121.500 | Emergência Aeroporto 2 de Julho - AM | 704.000 a 710.000 | Canais de TV UHF 53 | |
| 121.600 | Aeroporto Marte | 710.000 a 716.000 | Canais de TV UHF 54 | |
| 121.650 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 716.000 a 722.000 | Canais de TV UHF 55 | |
| 121.700 | Aeroporto Porto Alegre | 722.000 a 728.000 | Canais de TV UHF 56 | |
| 121.800 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 728.000 a 734.000 | Canais de TV UHF 57 | |
| 121.900 | Controle de Solo Aeroporto 2 de Julho | 734.000 a 740.000 | Canais de TV UHF 58 | |
| 122.400 | Aeroporto de Pirassununga Academia | 740.000 a 746.000 | Canais de TV UHF 59 | |
| 122.900 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 746.000 a 752.000 | Canais de TV UHF 60 | |
| 123.100 | Busca e Salvamento Aeroporto 2 de Julho | 752.000 a 758.000 | Canais de TV UHF 61 | |
| 123.300 | Instrução Aeronáutica | 758.000 a 764.000 | Canais de TV UHF 62 | |
| 123.400 | Comunicação entre aeronaves | 764.000 a 770.000 | Canais de TV UHF 63 | |
| 123.400 | Aeroporto Brasília | 770.000 a 776.000 | Canais de TV UHF 64 | |
| 123.500 | Instrução Aeronáutica | 776.000 a 782.000 | Canais de TV UHF 65 | |
| 123.695 | Aeroporto Curitiba PR | 782.000 a 788.000 | Canais de TV UHF 66 | |
| 123.800 | Aeroporto Manaus | 788.000 a 794.000 | Canais de TV UHF 67 | |
| 124.550 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 794.000 a 800.000 | Canais de TV UHF 68 | |
| 125.100 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 800.000 a 806.000 | Canais de TV UHF 69 | |
| 125.300 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 806.000 a 823.040 | Fixo móvel | |
| 125.400 | Aeroporto Manaus | 869.040 a 891.480 | FM Telefonia Celular Estação Base | |
| 125.450 | Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 902.000 a 928.000 | Radioamadorismo 33cm | |
| 125.700 | Aeroporto Porto Velho | 931.712,50 | Tele mensagem | |
| 126.300 | Torre Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 931.912,50 | Tele mensagem | |
| 126.300 | Aeroporto Manaus | 1.227.600 | GPS Sistema Posição Global | |
| 126.900 | TASA Aeroporto Dois de Julho Recife AM | 1.240.000 a 1.300.000 | Radioamador 23cm | |
| 127.150 | Aeroporto Congonhas | 1.575.420 | GPS Sistema Posição Global | |
| 127.600 | Aeroporto Rio de Janeiro | 1.691.000 | Satélite Meteorológico Meteosat 3 | |
| 127.655 | Aeroporto Cumbica SP Meteorologia | 2.401.143 | Satélite Oscar 16 / Broadcast Packet | |
| 128.400 | Aeroporto Manaus | 2.401.220 | Satélite DOVE-Oscar 17 / 1200 Bps | |
| 128.900 | Aeroporto de Porto Alegre | 2.401.500 | Satélite Oscar 11 / 1200 Bps | |
| 129.200 | Aeroporto São Paulo | |||
In other ranges of use we have different types / services as can be seen
in the table above. The frequencies between 50 and 100MHz are not
affected appreciably by the ionosphere, so not being reflected, cannot
exceed the skyline. Thus, its reach this limited to a 200 km depending
on the existence of mountains, hills and the proper placement of the
antenna. In the 54MHz band can possibly occur reflections that carry
signals far, but this is not a very common phenomenon. Some radio
amateurs use the moon successfully as "natural reflector" sending the
signal toward him and taking him back too far, even on another
continent! A range of 50 to 100MHz (and above) then it is very used for
communications within walking distance (TV and FM). These frequencies
longer correspond to what we call VHF (Very High Frequency) or very high
frequencies, with waves whose length nearly as small as only 3 meters
(100MHz). Frequencies above these are also used in various types of
communications, including microwaves having such small lengths which are
not expressed in meters, but in centimeters.
There are many portable or desktop transistor receptors that have short
wave bands able to tune to stations in the intervals between 120 and 13
m wavelength, corresponding to 2,4Mhz approximately 25MHz. There are
also old (and excellent) radios valve (table) that have extended ranges
and with great sensitivity reception on shortwave, enabling listening
very distant stations, very easily. Some of these receivers have in your
dashboard a scale where some countries seasons are marked. It is
possible that this marking cannot apply to the present day, because
there have been many changes in frequencies of these stations, as well
as the appearance of others in recent years, but it serves to indicate
how sensitive such radios.
Using a radio that has the range of shortwave and when to do it to get
the best results? Surely everyone who has a radio with shortwave band
and had the opportunity to turn it on at dusk or night could hear
relatively strong emissions in Portuguese. These issues, however,
account for only a few strongest stations that are captured without
further resources and which is not the most interesting to explore. Are
large stations with hundreds of thousands of watts of power as the BBC
London, Radio Voice of Russia Voice of the United States, Germany's
Voice, Radio China International, among others, who run their antennae
to Brazil at certain times and thus can be heard with special programs
in Portuguese or Spanish. These stations have "international services"
driving programs for certain countries on their tongues, in the most
favorable time for the reception. Many of them have programs in
Portuguese directed to Brazil that can be heard easily.
To listen to commercial stations that have weaker signals, amateurs and
public services, we need to take a "little help" to the receiver using a
good external antenna. The simplest type of external antenna is an
extended wire (inside or outside) 4-40 meters in length, which must be
isolated at the tips. For connecting the receiver can use an alligator
claw that will be attached to telescopic antenna or place of external
antenna input. If the receiver has no place to connect the antenna , we
can make a link irradiation consisting of a box with a coil 4 to 10
turns, where one end binds to the downward edge of the external antenna
and the other to earth, and the receiver is placed inside this box .
Please note that the connection to the land is very important to improve
reception. This connection can be made at the negative pole of the
batteries (in the case of portable receivers with telescopic antenna) ,
is holding a wire to be connected to any metal object in contact with
the ground, for example a water pipe or miter aluminum door or window.
The purpose of the antenna is to capture as much of the energy radiated by the station and take it by wire to the recipient. This antenna, located above the house, away from electric wires, also prevents noise pickup and interference that impair reception. Fluorescent light bulbs, cars and engines radiate signals in the shortwave band that can harm the reception of very weak signals. Next storms are also a source of interference and danger should not these occasions connect to the receiver. With the approach of the external antenna storms must be disconnected from the receiver in order to avoid possible damage to it.
As already explained, the short waves are strongly influenced by the
sun, it means that there are times when the resins can go further,
depending on their frequency and location. In Brazil, the best times to
monitor (in terms of tracks) are the following:
1,6MHz 5 MHz -Stations located more than 500km from your home may be
better tuned after 17 hours (when the sun is setting) and before 8 AM.
This gives you all night to explore the range. In other times you can
capture relatively close and powerful stations. Of tropical waves range
nearby cities radio stations will be captured during the day and
eventually some amateur band of 80 meters.
5 to 11MHz - During the day you can pick up signals of relatively strong
stations until 1.000Km. However, after 16 hours and up to 9 hours of the
following day can be heard far away stations from other countries /
continents, if the tracks are used in 49, 31 and 25 meters. During the
relatively close hams day can be heard on 40 meters as well as some
public services.
11 to 25MHz - This band can be explored throughout the
day, but at night is that we got the best results. During the day on the
tracks 19, 17 and 13 meters can be picked up powerful international
stations with good signals. Turning on your receiver at the chosen time of "exploitation", always
have at hand a notebook. If you hear an international broadcast station
with programs in Portuguese or even in language you can understand,
write down the frequency, time, station name and a little program that
you heard, for example:
20h - Musical prefix,
20h02 - News,
Give also technical note to the quality of reception. For this there is
the International Code "SINFO" wherein each letter represents a
characteristic which takes a score of 1 to 5. Thus "S" means the signal
intensity (Signal Strenth) , "I" indicates interference, "C" It means
noise (Noise), "F" means fading (Fading) and "O" means general
assessment (Overal merit) . If you then assign station we picked up the
note SINFO = 45344 means that listening was a station with a strong
signal without interference some noise, some fading and a good overall
rating. The table below will help you give your note:
S = signal intensity: (1 = very weak - weak = 2 - regular = 3 - 4 =
strong - very strong = 5)
I =
interference: (1 = extreme - strong = 2 - regular = 3 - 4 = small - no =
5)
N = noise: (1 end = -
= strong 2 - regular = 3 - Small = 4 - no = 5)
F =
fading: (1 = very strong - strong = 2 - regular = 3 - 4 = little - no =
5)
O = overall assessment: (1 = very bad - bad = 2 - regular = 3 - 4 = good
- excellent = 5)
  |
If you write a letter to a station that caught saying what he heard, frequency, program data, time, inform the SINFO code of your reception, and then indicate what kind of receiver and antenna used, this can result in an interesting hobby... Ask season will confirm that your listening report with the official QSL card of the season - QSL is used code verification means. Each station has a postal type card she confirms you’re listening. These cards are beautiful and constitute an excellent collection. If you really think about being a "serious dxista" of shortwave, buying a "Digital" receiver can be interesting. Satellite receivers as Grunding and Transglobe Philco are some simple options, too old receivers (the valves) and were used by radio amateurs, are excellent for sensitivity and selectivity (able to separate nearby frequencies stations), they can be purchased, such as : Collins, National, Signal Corp, Delta, Hallicrafters, etc.
There are very old receivers like the BC348 type that has over
40 years of age, having been used in aircraft type C -47 ( DC-3
) in World War II and which has excellent sensitivity. On the
Internet and in major Sunday newspapers can, on occasion, find
ads of such receptors, some even for very affordable prices! The
receiver in question ( BC348 ) has six frequency bands, covering
200KHz to 18MHz and uses valves. It also has filter crystal to
improve the selectivity and BFO which is an oscillator that
helps receive telegraph and SSB signals. |
(Internet Photo ) - 17h41mim site of Rio de
Janeiro
To better understand all about Dxismo Shortwave:
Visit : Propagation - visit also: DX - visit yet : Rays - Storms
USING A COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER
Using a shortwave radio
and in the event to listen to medium wave, especially a communications
receiver, shows that a set of skills is important to obtain maximum
performance, and this requires time and effort.
A point to be
understood is that the receiver cannot do everything alone. A good
receiver must be connected to a good antenna system. And as we can see
with the study of propagation, reception conditions represent the most
important part in determining whether you can hear a station.
There are several "tricks" that are learned in practice. Sometimes the
best reception of an AM signal can be obtained by tuning the displacement
of a kHz carrier frequency. The best way to learn these techniques is
trying different combinations of various controls using local stations.
Try tuning to a strong local station using the USB or LSB mode your radio.
Try adjusting the RF gain control and use different bandwidths available.
It is easier to learn in strong signals like these than with weak signals
in crowded bands.
A
modern communications receiver AOR- 7030 +
ANTENNA THAT SHOULD I USE?
Remember that the ANTENNA is the most important equipment for
the reception and transmission of radio waves!
Medium Waves, portable radio uses an internal antenna ferrite that is
directional, so when engaged an external antenna, in addition to
increasing the signal strength in the desired frequency, can reduce
interference from other stations.
1.
Ascertain the time of listening which the most favorable times for the
region of interest.
2-
In favorable times, seek tune and verify that this "coming" any station in
the region that want to listen. If so, continue on this track, negative
attempt if after a while, until you hear the easiest.
3-
Preferably use external antenna (if possible cut for the band you want to
hear), directed to the area where is located the station's antenna - use
dipole antenna or long wire 1 / 4 of the band or a frame loop antenna.
The following are some tips to use a modern receiver, whose procedures
could be adapted to other receptors, including laptops have the above
features.
a)
Select the SSB mode;
b)
Position the Pass band Tuning button on the center position of the USB or
LSB;
c) Adjust the gain of RF - Radio frequency, the minimum gain position;
d)
Select the AGC - automatic gain control, the slow position;
e) Activate the signal
amplifier button - pre-amp;
f) Activate the button
NB - Blank Noise - noise limiter;
g) If available, set
the NOTCH Filter - cavity filter;
h) Select a narrow
filter, bandwidth around 2.8 to 1.8 kHz;
i) Start tune into
stations in the chosen band slowly, and the band go looking for the
characteristic whistle carrier and existence of broadcasting in AM; once
located a station, perform fine tuning trying to eliminate the whistle
(zero beat the sideband mode). If you do not get audio readable at the
time, you should note the frequency for some time after re-tune it because
the propagation conditions can improve;
j) When it finds a weak
signal but audible, we began to use all features of the receiver to make
it more readable and clear as possible:
k) Set
the RF gain and the audio volume;
i) Using the PBT control – Pass band Tuning - at one end of
the USB or LSB, and slowly going downtown to the other end where the audio
is usually more understandable;
m)
Write down in a notebook what you are listening to, recording the
frequency, time and the conditions of reception using the SINPO code;
n)
To register something interesting, you should use a tape recorder,
preferably coupled to the receiver and record readable excerpts;
o)
And finally, record the capture in the log book.
S D R
The SDR (Software -Defined -Radio) - as the name suggests, is a
composite software defined radio to a frequency converter circuit
and a computer program (software).
Click below SDR = > tune in and listen to several bands and amateur radio contact (live)
SDR - PY2PE (ao
vivo) /
SDR - PY2ASG
(ao vivo) /
SDR - PY4VE (ao
vivo) /
SDR - PU7OJE
(ao vivo)
Below commercial radio links, click and listen to live:
Brasil - Rádio Alvorada FM - Belo Horizonte - MGBrasil - Rádio N. Sra. Aparecida - SP - 820, 5.035, 6.135, 9.630, 11.855 Khz
Brasil - Rádio Bandeirantes - São Paulo
Brasil -
Rádio BandNews 89.5
FM – Belo Horizonte - MG
Brasil - Rádio Caçula - Tres Lagoas
- MS - 1.480 Khz
Brasil - Rádio CBN BH 106.1 FM – Belo Horizonte - MG
Brasil - Rádio CocaCola - São Paulo
Brasil - Rádio Globo – Belo Horizonte - MG
Brasil - Rádio Globo AM - RJ
Brasil - Rádio Igreja da Paz – Fortaleza - CE
Brasil - Rádio Inconfidência - Belo Horizonte - MG
Brasil - Rádio Itatiaia - Belo Horizonte - MG - 610 e 5.970 Khz
Brasil - Rádio Nacional - 6.180 e 11.780 Khz
Brasil - Rádio Rio-Mar - Manaus - AM - 1.290, 6.160 Khz e 9.695 Khz
Brasil - Rádio SARA - Gospel -
Varginha - MG
Brasil - Rádio Tres Lagoas FM - Tres Lagoas - MS
Rádio
ACLO Chuquisaca - Sucre - Bolivia - 600 Khz
Radio ACLO
Potosi - Bolivia - 680 Khz
Radio Antena-1 102.7 FM - Nicosia - Chipre
Radio Argentina - Buenos Aires - Argentina
Radio BBC - Londres - Inglaterra
Radio Buenos Aires - Argentina
- 1.350 Khz
Radio Callao - Lima - Peru
Radio Carinhosa - Bogota - Colombia
Radio Cielo - Lima - Peru
Radio Cooperativa - Santiago - Chile - 740 Khz
Rádio DWELLE - Alemanha
Radio
Expectador - Montevideo
- Uruguay
Radio Falkland Islands Service 88.3 FM - Stanley - Ilhas Malvinas
- 9.955 e 13.695 Khz
Radio Fides Cochabamba 95.1 FM - Bolivia
Radio Fides La Paz - Bolivia
Radio Fides Santa Cruz 94.7 FM - Bolivia
Radio
Fides Tarija 89.1 FM - Bolivia
Radio France
Intl - Paris – França
Radio HCJB Global - Quito - Equador
Radio Jesus 91.9 FM - New York - USA
Radio Miami Internacional - WRMI - USA - 9.955 Khz
Radio MIX FM - Santa Cruz de la Sierra - Bolivia
Radio Mundial - Caracas - Venezuela
Radio Okapi FM 103.5 - Kinshasa - Congo
Radio OUAGA 105.2 FM - Burkina Faso
adio RAS 102 FM - Torshavn - Ilhas FaroeRadio Romenia Internacional - Bucareste - Romenia - AM - 7.325, 7.335, 9.525, 9.730, 11.800 Khz
TV - Novo Tempo - Brasil