Weather and Hurricane Links

Page updated April 1, 2009
Weather QuickLinks
The Best Weather and Hurricane Information

The Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) is the fastest way to get weather alerts. Listed below are methods of receiving EMWIN.
1. EMWIN data downlink from satellites is the best method.
2. Receiving radio rebroadcast of EMWIN data provided by volunteers is a good method but they are too few and do not cover most areas. It requires radio data decoders.
3. The Internet using automatic-push EMWIN software. It is a fair method and the cheapest but least reliable way. There are many places for connection failure from your ISP, telephone, and/or cable.

EMWIN software is excellent for getting weather text warnings within a minute of their official time-stamped releases. Selected text products can be set to pop-up or sound alarms while you do other things on your computer. The graphic files are low priority and thus are not rapidly updated, so it is better to manually-pull graphic files using an Internet browser. When first opening an EMWIN program it is recommended to check for weather text alerts sent either to your email address or to manually-pull weather text using an FTP plug-in or an Internet browser. This is because you can miss valid text alerts that are still in effect before the time you run the EMWIN program. Also recommended is storing the incoming data on a ram drive instead of constantly working the hard drive. The automatic-push EMWIN software should include alarms, the ability to save only certain information and filter options. The disadvantage to EMWIN software is it can be difficult to setup after first installing it. More information about the EMWIN is at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htm and ftp://emwin:emwin@140.90.6.240/index.htm and http://www.crh.noaa.gov/emwin/.

Continue to EMWIN Part 2

NOAA Weather Radio is an excellent way to get weather alerts and it should be used in conjunction with using EMWIN.

The Amateur Radio Emergency Service is an extremely reliable and fast way to get weather alerts. What can happen in a wide area disaster is major power outages. Television and cable can go out. Telephones can become over loaded or go dead. Cell phone networks and the Internet can overload and become totally useless. The 911 system can fail. Police, fire, rescue and hospitals may become overworked and too busy with others and unable to help you. A satellite dish can completely loose signals from heavy rain, from being blown just slightly off bore-sight, or just damaged enough to cause no signal. There can be loss of all communications except for the Amateur Radio Emergency Service.

The Amateur Radio service and radio scanners should be a part of your survival tools.
http://www.amrad.org/skywarn.html to advance the state of the art in Amateur Radio's support of the National Weather Service's SkyWarn program
http://www.findu.com/cgi.html Find Amateur Radio Weather APRS Stations
http://www.wulfden.org/APRSQuery.shtml Search Amateur Radio Weather APRS Stations

Warnings for Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Other Hazards
NOAA Weather Radio is a fast source for comprehensive weather and emergency information.
One of the most important reasons to own a weather radio is the ability to receive up to the minute information on severe weather. If you are under a Warning it is best to leave the weather radio audio on to get non-alarm Weather Statements that can contain more important information than just Warnings! Also, the audio needs to be on because a storm can knock the weather radio station off the air. Most stations have a backup channel that covers the same county so you can switch to that weather radio channel. Check the local National Weather Service office's web site to find what channels to use.
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Notice the date and time! Missing and out-of-date data results in not showing the latest updates!
Text products indicate the expiration date and time (UTC time) about the third line from top along with the county zone numbers.
Warning Maps
http://140.90.113.200/ or http://www.weather.gov/ Better detail and faster updates if you click on map area
http://140.90.113.200/view/largemap.php or http://www.weather.gov/view/largemap.php
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/ Auto-Refresh 5 min. Watch, Warning, Advisory Maps
       http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/wwa.gif
       http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/warnsummary.html Auto-Refresh 5 min.
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?thumbs=on This will replace iwin.nws.noaa.gov
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready-bin/getwarn.pl?product=Current+Watch+Boxes+Plotted+on+a+Map [shows only watches]
http://www.uswx.com/us/wx/ Auto-Refresh 10 min. Very Good! Needs faster reload/refresh
http://www.hamweather.net/cgi-bin/hw3/hw3.cgi?forecast=pass&pass=warningmap&s=us Good! Needs faster reload/refresh
http://www.wunderground.com/severe.asp/ Good! Needs faster reload/refresh Auto-Refresh 15 min.
http://www.stormdisplay.com/warnings.asp Auto-Refresh 5 min. javascript
http://www.met.tamu.edu/weather/warnings/ Auto-Refresh 5 min. Good! County maps but if using Netscape readme
http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/gifs/SEVERE.GIF
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/severe_us_720x486.jpg [overwrite us: cn ec nc ne nw sc se sw wc]
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/us_watch1_720x486.jpg
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Warnings (text only)
http://140.90.113.200/view/ or http://www.weather.gov/view/ iwin.nws.noaa.gov will be discontinued replaced by this link
http://weather.noaa.gov/ select State then select under Forecasts, watches and warnings
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/cmet.html at Text Products select Watches and Warnings
        http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready-bin/ldmwxa.pl?ldmwxproduct=Watches+and+Warnings enter 3-letter station ID or state ID preceded with @
http://kamala.cod.edu/svr/ Auto-Refresh 2 min. Very Good! Quick text list of warnings.
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/weather/weather.html enter 3-letter station ID or @ state ID and Select Data NWS Warnings
http://www.met.tamu.edu/personnel/students/weather/weather_interface.html enter 3-letter station ID or @ state ID and select data category Other Data
http://www.met.fsu.edu/weather/text_weather/ select Bulletin type 'warnings ans watches' and enter Station '@fl' or with your 2-letter State ID
http://www.stormdisplay.com/current.asp Auto-Refresh 5 min.
http://www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/hw3/hw3.cgi?forecast=pass&pass=warningmap&s=us&size=640x480&key=1 Auto-Refresh 5 min.
http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/main.php?pageloc=severe
http://www.atmos.albany.edu/cgi/quick.cgi?station=@fl&warn=yes Replace @fl with your 2-letter State ID
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/warning?station=@fl&time=Latest Scroll down for latest. Replace with your 2-letter State ID
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/warning?station=@fl&time=Today Clear&Reset for '=Today' at 0000 UTC
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/warning?station=@fl&time=Yesterday Replace with your 2-letter State ID or 3-letter NWS ID
http://wwwagwx.ca.uky.edu/ldmdata/public/Alertwx.html Scroll to bottom and select State
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Raw directory and parsed file listing of combined products:
http://www.atmos.albany.edu/weather/data1/severe/?C=M;O=D Includes some hurricane data
http://wwwagwx.ca.uky.edu/ldmdata/severe/?C=M;O=D

Radar Nationwide loop
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Page moved to radar.htm

Radar Nationwide
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Page moved to radar.htm

Storm News
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also check government Office of Emergency Management

http://weather.yahoo.com/
http://www.usatoday.com/weather/digest.htm
http://www.weather.com/newscenter/
http://www.accuweather.com/news-center.asp
http://www.cnn.com/WEATHER/
http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/content/shared/weather/ap/ap_headlines.html (requires cookies)
or http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/content/shared/weather/ap/ap_headlines.html (requires cookies)

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ and http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/

Storm Reports
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http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/ Auto-Refresh 5 min. SPC Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Reports and Tornado Statistics
http://moe.met.fsu.edu/~acevans/reports/ SPC Local Storm Report Maps
http://kamala.cod.edu/spc/latest.nwus22.KWNS.html - http://vortex.plymouth.edu/cgi-bin/wwus60 - http://weather.cod.edu/digatmos/spc/
http://www.met.tamu.edu/weather/warnings/reports.html SPC text products and Local Storm Reports
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/nw/?C=M;O=D SPC text products and Local Storm Reports
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.us008001/DF.c5/DC.textf/DS.lsrnw/?C=M;O=D Local Storm Reports
http://www.weathermatrix.net/archive/spclog/date.html#end archived SPC Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Reports
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=PNS&sid=???
http://kamala.cod.edu/ click on State then click on Local Storm Reports
http://www.weathermatrix.net/archive/lsr/date.html#end archived Local Storm Reports
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/observations/storm_rpt/
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/storm?station=@fl&time=Today Replace @fl with your 2-letter State ID or airport code
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/storm?station=@fl&time=Yesterday Replace @fl with your 2-letter State ID or airport code

http://www.weatherwatchers.org/archive/stormreports/
or http://www.weathermatrix.org/archive/stormreports/
or http://www.weathermatrix.net/archive/stormreports/
or http://www.weathermatrix.com/archive/stormreports/
or http://www.cybervox.org/archive/stormreports/

http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/svr_damage1_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/svr_damage2_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/svr_damage3_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/svr_damage4_720x486.jpg

Record Events
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http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=RER
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/sx/?C=M;O=D sxus??.????.rer.???.txt
http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/record/?C=M;O=D
http://www.weathermatrix.net/archive/usrecords/date.html#end
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/records/ missing a few states
http://www.ocs.orst.edu/pub_ftp/weather/observations/records/US/ West US

http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_event_1_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_event_2_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_hi_1_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_hi_2_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_los_1_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_los_2_720x486.jpg
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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/cdus/prcp_temp_tables/ Past US Data Summary Files
http://www.cip.ogp.noaa.gov/ Climate Information Program
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ National Climatic Data Center
       http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climatedata.html
              http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2004/perspectives.html replace 2004 with past year
              http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/stateclimatologists.html
              http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/extremes.html
                      http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms
http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/

Storm - Flood - Surface Weather Analyses & Forecasts Maps
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http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=Wx

http://kamala.cod.edu/HPC/
http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/KWNO/?C=N;O=A

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/monitoring.html Climate Monitoring

Travel Brief
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http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/selcit.shtml
http://www.weather.gov/xml/tpex/scs.php SELECTED CITIES WEATHER SUMMARY AND FORECASTS & NATIONAL TEMPERATURE EXTREMES
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/tav.html TRAVELERS FORECAST TABLE
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prodtype=tempprecip
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prodtype=traveler
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus20.kwnh.scs.11.txt - http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus21.kwnh.scs.12.txt - http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus22.kwnh.scs.13.txt - http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus23.kwnh.scs.14.txt
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus10.kwnh.tav.10.txt - http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus12.kwnh.tav.12.txt - http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/fp/fpus13.kwnh.tav.13.txt

http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abus23.kwbc.tpt.wrn.txt TEMPERATURE/WEATHER FOR WESTERN UNITED STATES
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abus24.kwbc.tpt.ern.txt TEMPERATURE/WEATHER FOR EASTERN UNITED STATES
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abus25.kwbc.tpt.crn.txt TEMPERATURE/WEATHER FOR CENTRAL UNITED STATES
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abna26.kwbc.tpt.nam.txt TEMPERATURE/WEATHER FOR INTERNATIONAL CITIES

http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abcn01.kwbc.tpt.can.txt CANADIAN TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION TABLE
http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/canada/?C=M;O=D
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abxx07.kwbc.tpt.lat.txt LATIN AMERICAN TEMP AND WEATHER TABLE
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abxx06.kwbc.tpt.int.txt FOREIGN TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER TABLE

http://www.weather.com/activities/travel/
http://www.intellicast.com/Travel/
http://www.accuweather.com/us-city-list.asp

U.S. Analyses Graphics
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http://www.nowcoast.noaa.gov/ [requires javascript and java]

http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/sfc2.shtml or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/sfctxt.html
Analysis Times 00Z 03Z 06Z 09Z 12Z 15Z 18Z 21Z posted about 2 hours later
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/satsfc.gif Analysis/Satellite Composite (N Amer/Pacific)
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/satsfcnps.gif Analysis/Satellite Composite (North America)
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/90fwbg.gif North America / With Surface Observations - small
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/newnamsfc.gif North America/ With Surface Observations - small
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/lrgnamsfcwbg.gif North America / With Surface Observations - large
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/namfntsfcwbg.gif North America / Without Surface Observations
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/QYAA00.tiff Fax Chart

       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/ussatsfc.gif Analysis/Satellite Composite (CONUS)
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/radsfcus.gif Analysis/Radar Composite (CONUS)
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/namussfcwbg.gif Continental U.S. (CONUS) / With Surface Observations
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/awc90f.gif Continental U.S. (CONUS) / With Surface Observations
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/bwsfc.gif United States (CONUS/color background)
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/usfntsfcwbg.gif Continental U.S. (CONUS) / Without Surface Observations
       or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/loopimagesfcwbg.gif Continental U.S. (CONUS) / Without Surface Observations
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/small_latestsfc.gif Hourly Surface Observations over the Continental U.S. - small
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/large_latestsfc.gif Hourly Surface Observations over the Continental U.S. - large

Precipitation - Rainfall Forecasts & Analyses
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http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=PoP12
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=QPF

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hic/conds.html Daily Hydrologic Conditions
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=FFW
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=FLW
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=FLS
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=FLN
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=QPF&sid=ERD
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hic/current/fln/fln_sum.shtml (alternative)
http://wwwagwx.ca.uky.edu/public/WSHFLNNMC (alternative)
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-precipitation.asp
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_rain_1_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/record_rain_2_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/travel/trvlrain_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/travel/trvlrain2_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/30Day_Precip_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/90Day_Precip_720x486.jpg

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/water/index.shtml Guides
http://www.noaa.gov/floods.html

Accumulated Precipitation Estimates
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http://www.srh.noaa.gov/default1.html River Forecast Centers
       http://www.srh.noaa.gov/alr/qpfvsmap.shtml SouthEast region Totals
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/
       http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/us_precip.gif 24 hr from 12Z
http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/precip/realtime/us_precip.html
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov./cgi-bin/7dayaccu.sh 7-day Precip Accumulation
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov./cgi-bin/disp_realtime.sh 24-hour period ending 12Z yesterday
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/regional_monitoring/us_weekly_precip.shtml
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/regional_monitoring/usa.shtml weekly monthly
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/fax/QETA00.TIF 24 HR Precipitation Amounts
http://precip.fsl.noaa.gov/hourly_precip.html javascript/java last 24 hours
http://www.agriculture.com/data/agol/fnw/free/dailypre.gif daily
http://www.agriculture.com/data/agol/fnw/free/dailyacc.gif since 6AM CDT
http://wwwagwx.ca.uky.edu/ldm-images/24_rain.gif

Precipitation Forecast Verification
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/npvu/index.shtml or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/npvu/sitemap2.shtml
http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/ylin/pcpanl/
http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/etakf/qpfplots/

Radar Accumulated Precipitation Estimates
http://www.intellicast.com/IcastPage/LoadPage.aspx?loc=usa&seg=LocalWeather&prodgrp=HistoricWeather&product=Precipitation (cookie) 24 hr from 12Z
http://www.intellicast.com/IcastPage/LoadPage.aspx?loc=usa&seg=LocalWeather&prodgrp=HistoricWeather&product=WeeklyPrecipitation (cookie) weekly from 12Z
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=op 1 hr
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/op/inmopus_.gif
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=tp 3 hr
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/tp/inmtpus_.gif
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=24hr
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/24hr/inm24hrus_.gif
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=7d
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/7d/inm7dus_.gif
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=30d
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/30d/inm30dus_.gif
http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&nxtype=12m
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/12m/inm12mus_.gif
http://image.weather.com/web/maps/radar/regions/us_rainfall_est_yesterday_720_en.jpg
http://image.weather.com/web/maps/radar/regions/us_rainfall_est_past_week_720_en.jpg
http://wxweb.meteostar.com/leads_images/radar/SYS_STORM_TOTAL_RAINFALL.gif

Satellite-Derived Precipitation Estimates
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http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/PCPN/precip.html Satellite Precipitation Estimate (SPENES) messages and Graphics
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/
       http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/auto.html Hydro-Estimator
       http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/gmsra.html Multispectral Precipitation Products
       http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/blended.html Blended IR/Microwave Precipitation Products
       http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/moist.html Moisture Products
       http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/ff/hn.html Hydro-Nowcaster
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil:80/sat-bin/rain.cgi? Experimental Geostationary Rain Estimation

http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/gdas/ SSM/I and TMI rain rates
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/doc/ssmiprecip.html Rate, Water Vapor and 85 GHz Tb -- SSM/I
http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications_dir/precipitation_msg.html Near-recent Global
http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/quicklook/quick_looks.html Near-recent Polar sat Global
http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/trmmreal/ More-recent Polar sat Global
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/corp/scsb/mspps/ NOAA-15 16 17 Rain Monitoring
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/corp/scsb/wchen/AMSR-E/
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/SHARED_PROCESSING/SHARED_PROCESSING.html Rain, wind , etc. - recent polar sat

Precipitation Type - Snow - Ice [also check Regional Models]
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http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx.shtml or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/fcsttxt.html#shortrange
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=Wx
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=SnowAmt

http://coolwx.com/usstats/precstats.php

http://www.intellicast.com/IcastPage/LoadPage.aspx?loc=usa&seg=LocalWeather&prodgrp=RadarImagery&product=RadarLoop (cookie)
http://www.intellicast.com/IcastPage/LoadPage.aspx?loc=usa&seg=LocalWeather&prodgrp=RadarImagery&product=Radar (cookie)
http://www.accuweather.com/winter-center.asp
       http://radar.accuweather.com/adcbin/public/radar_index_large.asp?getArea=US_REG&type=loop&nxtype=sir
       http://www.accuweather.com/radar-large.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&site=US_&type=SIR&anim=1&level=state&large=1
              http://sirocco.accuweather.com/nx_mosaic_640x480c/sir/inmasirus_.gif
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-precipitation.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&zipcode=&type=snow
http://www.weather.com/maps/maptype/dopplerradarusnational/uswinterradar_large_animated.html java loops
http://www.weather.com/maps/maptype/dopplerradarusnational/uswinterradar_large.html
       http://image.weather.com/web/radar/us_winterradar_large_usen.jpg
http://www.wunderground.com/radar/mosaic.asp
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Winter Storm Warnings
http://www.weather.gov/ look for Winter Storm Warning and click in Graphical Forecast down to the city
       http://www.weather.gov/alerts/ (select state) text-only
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=WSW
http://kamala.cod.edu/wsw/
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/ Watch, Warning and Advisory Maps
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/ Mesoscale Discussions
Major Winter Storm Summaries [issued as required]
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/discuss.shtml scroll down to Storm Summaries NFDSCCNS# 1 to 5
or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/fcsttxt.html#discussions go to NFDSCCNS# 1 to 5
_
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/winter_wx.shtml Winter Weather Forecasts
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/impactgraphics/ EXPERIMENTAL NCEP HPC and SPC, EMC SREF MODEL
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/qpfhsd.html Heavy Snowfall Discussion Text
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/qpf2.shtml Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts
or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/qpftxt.html

http://aviationweather.gov/products/swl/ has Freezing Line
http://adds.aviationweather.gov/icing/
http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca//model_forecast/aviation_products_e.html has Freezing Line
http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca//model_forecast/index_e.html select Precipitation

Snow Cover
http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/
       http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/snow/HTML/snow.htm
http://www.natice.noaa.gov/ims/ Snow Cover
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/
       http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/us_AFsnow.gif
       http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/us_NESDISsnow.gif
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/snow/snow.html Recent Snowfall & Snowdepth Maps
http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/analysis/index_e.html go to Surface Analysis : Snow, Ice, SST
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/monitoring_and_data/us_snow.shtml
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/season_update/ Experimental Daily NWS/Coop Snow Depth and Snowfall Graphics & Data
http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/US/SnowDepth.html
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/us_snow_anim.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/2xus_snow.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/images/us_snow.gif
http://www.snow-forecast.com/
       http://www.snow-forecast.com/index2.php

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/threats/
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/threats/p_threats.gif Precipitation Threat Week Forecast
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/winter_outlook/ Winter Season Outlook issued in October
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/threats.html
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/monitoring_and_data/us_prec.shtml
? http://satpc.ou.edu/~ldm/difax/snowcover.jpg
? http://cirrus.smsu.edu/home/mcidas/data/mc/Snow_cover.gif
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/snow_cover.html
http://vortex.plymouth.edu/
       http://vortex.plymouth.edu/obsnow.gif
? http://www.ametsoc.org/dstreme/images/snow.gif

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/PCPN/DATA/RT/na-gssk-loop.html
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/PCPN/DATA/RT/NA/GSSK/20.jpg GOES Sounder Skin Temp
http://hadar.cira.colostate.edu/ramsdis/online/AF10_EXP10_1.html GOES-10 4 km Skin Temperature
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/opdb/goes/sdpi/html/sdpiimgnew.html check TSKN and FRZL
http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/goesprod/ select Sounder then Surface Skin Temperature

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/winter/index.shtml Winter Weather Safety and Awareness
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/wntrstm.htm
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/bis/winter.htm Winter Weather Safety
http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_595_,00.html
http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~cortinas/preprints/waf15/climo.html CLIMATOLOGY OF FREEZING RAIN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Polar Ice
http://www.natice.noaa.gov/home/home1.htm
http://science.natice.noaa.gov/scienceDisplay.htm
http://science.natice.noaa.gov/ice_edge/ice_edge.htm
http://science.natice.noaa.gov/wisif/imgmap_new.htm
http://science.natice.noaa.gov/icImages/
http://www.natice.noaa.gov/products/gl-ches/
http://www.natice.noaa.gov/products/alaska/
http://www.natice.noaa.gov/products/iceberg/
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/mecb/sar/ Synthectic Aperture Radar - Alaska
http://www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pips2/
http://nsidc.org/
http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/
http://web.pdx.edu/~chulbe/glaciolinks.html
http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=1&Lang=eng
http://www.dmi.dk/eng/index/forecasts.html

Temperature - Dew Point - Humidity
_
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=T Temperature
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=Td Dewpoint
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=MaxMinT
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=MaxT
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=MinT

http://coolwx.com/usstats/tempstats.php
http://coolwx.com/usstats/tempchstats.php
http://coolwx.com/usstats/tempadvstats.php
http://coolwx.com/usstats/dewpstats.php

Heat Index
_
http://www.weather.gov/ look for Heat Advisory or Excessive Heat Warning and click in Graphical Forecast down to the city
http://www.weather.gov/alerts/ (select state) text-only
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=NPW
Excessive Heat Warning: Heat Index of 115 or greater and night time low heat index at or above 80 degrees for 24 hours or more
Heat Advisory: Heat Index of 105 or greater and night time low heat index at or above 80 degrees for 24 hours or more
Excessive Heat Watches: Generally for 12-36 hr period
Excessive Heat Outlooks: Issued for 2nd or 3rd day of forecast
NOAA's National Weather Service is developing a plan to expand new Heat/Health Watch Warning Systems from the current 16 cities to each municipality with a population exceeding 500,000. Excessive heat on average has been the number one weather-related killer, causing more fatalities per year than floods, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, winter storms and extreme cold.
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=ApparentT Apparent Temperature and local Heat Index Maps
http://coolwx.com/usstats/heatstats.php

http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/sfcobs.shtml
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/small_latestsfchi.gif current heat index small map
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/large_latestsfchi.gif current heat index large map
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/hi_610.html
http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/main.php?pageloc=surface
http://vortex.plymouth.edu/
       http://vortex.plymouth.edu/usheat.gif
http://weather3.ca.uky.edu/at.htm
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_con_heat.html
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-galileo.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&zipcode=&type=heatindex
http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/US/HeatIndex.html
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/us_hi_anim.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/2xus_hi.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/images/us_hi.gif
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/current/actheat_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/forecast/forheat_ind_720x486.jpg
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/index.shtml Heat Index Chart

Wind Chill
_
http://www.weather.gov/ look for Wind Chill Warning, Watch, or Advisory and click in Graphical Forecast down to the city for Wind Chill Graphics
http://www.weather.gov/alerts/ (select state) includes Wind Chill Warning, Watch, or Wind Chill Advisory text-only
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=WSW
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=ApparentT Apparent Temperature and local Wind Chill Maps
http://coolwx.com/usstats/chillstats.php

http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/sfcobs.shtml
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/small_latestsfcwc.gif ? current wind chill small map
       http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/sfcobs/large_latestsfcwc.gif ? current wind chill large map
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/short_range/cold/wc_610.html Experimental 6-10 Days
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/short_range/cold/wc_814.html Experimental 8-14 Days
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_con_wchill.html
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-galileo.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&type=wchill
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/current/actchill_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/forecast/forchill_720x486.jpg
http://vortex.plymouth.edu/
       http://vortex.plymouth.edu/uschill.gif
http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/US/Windchill.html
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/us_wc_anim.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/2xus_wc.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/images/us_wc.gif
http://weather3.ca.uky.edu/wci.htm
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/windchill/ Wind Chill Chart

Winds at Surface [not useful for details of Tropical Cyclone winds]
_
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=WindSpd

http://coolwx.com/usstats/windstats.php

Sky Cover - Ceiling Height
_
http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/conus.php?element=Sky

http://coolwx.com/usstats/cloudstats.php

Pressure - Surface Fronts
_
http://coolwx.com/usstats/presstats.php
http://coolwx.com/usstats/pchstats.php

http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/
       http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/us_mslp.gif
       http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/us_ptnd.gif
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/sfc2.shtml
or http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/sfctxt.html
http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/surface.shtml
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_con_pres.html
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_con_3pres.html
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_front.html
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-surface.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&zipcode=&type=sfc
http://cirrus.smsu.edu/home/mcidas/data/mc/PRE.gif
http://cirrus.smsu.edu/home/mcidas/data/mc/STR.gif
http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/US/Fronts.html
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/us_sf_anim.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/2xus_sf.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/images/us_sf.gif
http://www.ametsoc.org/dstreme/images/sfcppres.gif
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wx/surface.rxml
       http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/wx/cwp/prods/current/irslpvec/irslpvec_N.gif Sea Level Pressure with IR Satellite & Wind Vectors
http://weather.uwyo.edu/surface/front.html javascript
http://aviationweather.gov/products/swl/
http://weather.colorado.edu/pages/mainnat.html
http://squall.sfsu.edu/gif/sathts_snd_00.gif
http://www.ametsoc.org/dstreme/images/sfc_map.gif
http://www.ametsoc.org/dstreme/images/sfc_pres.gif
http://mcdemo.unidata.ucar.edu/images/NASFC.GIF
http://mcdemo.unidata.ucar.edu/images/GEFRONT.GIF

Rivers - Lakes
_
http://www.weather.gov/ahps/ Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service
http://ahps.srh.noaa.gov/index.php?wfo=jax Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service - Jacksonville
http://www.weather.gov/ahps/rfc/rfc.php River Forecast Centers (RFC) click-on Map
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/default1.html River Forecast Centers (RFC) click-on Map
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/nationalfloodoutlook/index.html Significant River Flood Outlook
http://water.usgs.gov/ Daily Streamflow Conditions
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ River Streamflow Data

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jax/text.php?sid=JAX&pil=RR3 SRUS52 KJAX - RR3JAX OCAF1 Ocala
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/port/pil.php?pil=JAXRR3JAX
http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=RR3&node=KJAX
http://www.weather.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=RR3&node=KJAX

http://www.usace.army.mil/divdistmap.html US Army Corps of Engineers map of Engineer Divisions and Districts
http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/h2o/ Florida river and lake plots and graphs
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/secretary/watman/ Florida Water Management Districts
http://sjr.state.fl.us/ St. Johns River Water Management District

http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/ Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/glcfs/ The Great Lakes Forecasting System (GLFS)
http://glakesonline.nos.noaa.gov/ Great Lakes Water Level platforms

Lightning
_
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/scan/scan_svr_03h.htm 0-3 Hour Rainfall, Lightning and Severe Weather Forecasts
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/radar/smv_03h_probltg.gif Conus Forecast for 3 hours updated every 30 minutes
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/radar/SE_probltg.gif SE-US Forecast for 3 hours updated every 30 minutes
http://aviationweather.gov/exp/mdl_ltg/ (alternative) click-on map
http://webflash.ess.washington.edu/ or
http://wwlln.net/
       http://webflash.ess.washington.edu/L_plot_global_map.jpg
       http://wwlln.net/WWLLN_movies/Movie_of_Lightning_in_Americas_BIG.gif
       http://wwlln.net/five_day_density_average.jpg
http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/ghrc/data/pub-browse-link/surface/lightning/gif-inst/?M=D
or http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/browse/surface/lightning/gif-inst/?M=D [stopped correctly updating 02/15/07] Current Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Strikes every 15 minutes
http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/ghrc/data/pub-browse-link/surface/lightning/gif-daily/?M=D
or http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/browse/surface/lightning/gif-daily/?M=D [stopped updating 12/31/07] Current Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Strikes every 15 minutes
https://avweb.weather.navy.mil/cgi-bin/loop/loop.cgi?/var/www_navy/leads_images/lightning/SER/
https://ows.barksdale.af.mil/By_Type/lightning/index.cfm?fuseaction=noaaport_lightning&lightning_type=ALL®ion=CONUS&UID=&BW=H&UF=O&AOR=1
       https://26ows.barksdale.af.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=get_link&look_id=10351
https://ows.barksdale.af.mil/NORTHCOM/index.cfm?fuseaction=noaaport_lightning®ion=SOUTHEAST&UID=&BW=H&UF=O&AOR=1
       https://26ows.barksdale.af.mil/NORTHCOM/index.cfm?fuseaction=get_link&look_id=14553
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/sf/sfus41.kwbc..txt [latest inside US NLDN encrypted and encoded binary format]
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/sf/sfpa41.kwbc..txt [latest outside US pacific region NLDN encrypted and encoded binary format]

The products below are at least 30 minutes delayed and lack detail!
The lack of timeliness, resolution and manner in which this lightning data is displayed does not support effective or reliable use of the data in making decisions of an immediate or short term nature that involve the safety of people or material.
http://www.uspln.com/
       http://www.uspln.com/images/uspln_animated.gif
http://weather.weatherbug.com/lightning.html
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/LxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg] add ? mark at link end for every 10 minute update
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/SELxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/SCLxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/SWLxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/NELxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/NCLxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
       http://radarimg.weatherbug.com/images/lightning/NWLxEnlarge1.jpg [1 to 10.jpg]
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-lightning.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&zipcode=
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/adc_images/lightning/us_60_640x480.gif
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/adc_images/lightning/us_90_640x480.gif
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/adc_images/lightning/us_120_640x480.gif
       http://sirocco.accuweather.com/adc_images/lightning/us_150_640x480.gif
http://thunderstorm.vaisala.com/explorer.html lacks detail and 30 minutes delayed
       http://thunderstorm.vaisala.com/explorer_files/lts-image.jpg lacks detail and 30 minutes delayed
http://thunderstorm.vaisala.com/threatMap.html or
http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/lightning/index_e.html
       http://thunderstorm.vaisala.com/explorer_files/ltsUS.png
http://www.intellicast.com/Storm/Severe/Lightning.aspx
       http://images.intellicast.com/WeatherImg/Lightning/usa.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/severe/map_light_ltst_4namus_enus_600x405.jpg
_
http://www.lightningnetwork.org/lightning/
http://www.strikestarus.com/ ?
http://www.astrogenic.com/imgmap/nxonline_na.html
http://www.lightningtracker.com/ These lightning products do not have much accuracy!
http://www.aninoquisi.com/live_lightning.htm These lightning products do not have much accuracy!

The Automated Lightning Detection and Reporting System (ALDARS) collects lightning stroke information from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and disseminates this data to AWOS/ASOS for the reporting of thunderstorms in METAR or SPECI observations, when appropriate. Incorporated into the ASOS METAR and SPECI reports in the standard METAR format:
TS - Within 5 mi. of the airport
VCTS - 5 to 10 miles from the airport
LTGDSNT DIR - 10-30 miles from the airport ("DIR" is the direction from the airport)
Go to Florida METAR/SPECI

http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov/ NLDN restricted
http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/ghrc/data/pub-browse-link/lightning-surface/ldar/ East Central Florida LDAR daily only
http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/ghrc/data/pub-browse-link/lightning-satellite/lis-nqc/ TRMM satellite

Worldwide lightning map from data obtained from April 1995 to March 2000 from NASA's Optical Transient Detector; and from December 1997 to November 2000 from NASA's Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS).
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast05dec_1.htm
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=6254
http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news/NSSTC/news/releases/2002/N02-001.html

http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/ and http://www.lightningsafety.com/nlsi_pls.html Personal Lightning Safety
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/wcm/lightning/index.htm
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/pub/ltg.html Colorado Lightning Resource Center
_
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/ltgcenter/ltgmain.html Florida Lightning Statistics

Lightning ranks at the top in weather-related deaths in the State of Florida!

National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN)

The National Weather Service and others cannot allow public access to NLDN data [paid for by taxes] from Vaisala lightning-sensor networks because of bad restrictions written in government contracts. Vaisala, Inc. (now a foreign-owned company formerly Global Atmospherics, Inc. or GAI) [https://thunderstorm.vaisala.com/] got a taxpayer funded government contract that is not shared with the taxpayers. That means there is no regard to public-safety when government allows its resources to be restricted.

A contractor, Vaisala Inc. (now a foreign-owned company formerly Global Atmospheric Incorporated GAI), operates antenna-station lightning-detection sensors covering the United States and a 200-300km area of coastal waters. These sensors make up the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). By triangulation and computing different times of arrival of lightning strikes they are able to locate cloud-to-ground lightning strikes to an accuracy of 1/4 of a mile.

While the sensors detect cloud-to-cloud flashes they are unable to accurately locate them. Cloud-to-cloud strikes are not reported. The NLDN detects 80 to 90% of all cloud-to-ground lightning strokes.

The United States Air Force https://weather.afwa.af.mil/ was more open to the public on the Internet in the 1990s. By year 2000, a few U.S. Air Force commanders decided to use passwords completely blocking America's public access. They have restricted NLDN products if you get access to the Air Force Weather Agency.

You, the taxpayer, pay for restricted government resources that are often better than commercially available products!

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) could use revisions for better government openness, but President Bush's administration is going the opposite direction.
https://weather.afwa.af.mil/lightning_applet/lightning.html

The United States Navy https://avweb.weather.navy.mil/lightning/ began censorship of NLDN products in 2005.

There are future needs for geosynchronous-orbit satellites capable of detecting real-time transient lightning events and real-time data free to the public. Lightning burst signatures could provide an average of 9 minutes additional lead-time before radar signatures of severe storm warnings. High-low-high pulses in flash rates would indicate developing tornadic storms.

Tornadic thunderstorms produce a well-defined peak-lull-peak pulsing flash rate with the most significant amplitudes occurring during the 20-minute period before the time of the first tornado touchdown. The maximum total lightning rate occurs during the developing tornadic supercell phase. Cloud to ground flash polarity tends to shift from +CG and decrease in flash rate coincident with a tornado touchdown then shift to -CG. Thunderstorms dominated by +CG flashes will have some rotation.

Hurricanes do not produce as much lightning as mid-latitude systems because they contain smaller amounts of supercooled water due to relatively low vertical velocities.

http://www.nwstc.noaa.gov/METEOR/Lightning/Ltng_home.htm NWS Intern Training Lightning Information
http://www.nwstc.noaa.gov/nwstrn/d.ntp/meteor/istpcu2.html NWS Integrated Sensor Training Using Lightning Observations

http://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=lightning-detector

http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready-bin/getwx1.pl US surface plots
http://www.aos.wisc.edu/weatherdata/sfc/sfc_us_map.gif US surface plots
or http://mapmaker.meteor.wisc.edu/~wxp/sfc/sfc_us_map.gif (alternative) US surface plots
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_map.html US surface plots
http://weather.unisys.com/surface/sfc_depict.html
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wx/surface.rxml
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/wx/cwp/prods/current/sfcobs/sfcobs_N.gif US surface plots
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/wx/cwp/prods/current/irobs/irobs_N.gif US surface plots with isobars/IR sat
http://meteora.ucsd.edu/weather/cdf/images/us_sfc_wx_nrm.gif US surface plots
http://windfall.evsc.virginia.edu/~mcuser/webpage/obs/sfcpt.gif Surface contours

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/default2.html Center Weather Service Units (CWS) click-on Map
http://www.aos.tc.faa.gov/AOS500/AOS540/afss.htm Automated Flight Service Stations
_
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/conversion/mppconversion.html Conversion and Decoder Charts
       http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/conversion/swometardecoder.html METAR decoder
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures.shtml
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/pilot.htm A Pilot's Guide to Aviation Weather Services
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oso/oso1/oso12/document/guide.shtml KEY to TAF and METAR
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/asosbook.htm Automated Surface Observing System GUIDE FOR PILOTS
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/directives/010/010.htm NDS 10-8 Aviation Weather Services
http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/ and http://av-info.faa.gov/
http://www.faa.gov/ATpubs/
       http://www.faa.gov/ATpubs/SWO/ SURFACE WEATHER OBSERVING

http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/opdb/aviation/ GOES enhanced images

Space Weather

There is a theory that axis pole-shifts occur every 780,000 years. It could be caused by a cyclic cosmic force that causes mass extinctions. The theory is that as are solar system moves around the galaxy and around a black hole we pass through a force field that triggers a change in the Earth's axis. That would cause severe climate change, violent earthquakes, mega tsunamis, super volcanic eruptions, deformation of the Earth's crust, great floods, solar eruptions, loss of the stratosphere, and mass extinctions. More likely are geomagnetic reversals that do not cause mass extinctions but could greatly reduce the human population with similar catastrophes. The bad news is that a geomagnetic reversal would happen soon since time is due for it. This might allow cosmic radiation to increase causing extinctions on Earth since there is new scientific evidence of extinctions on Earth every 62 million years caused by cosmic radiation. The good news is a pole-shift is an unproven theory.

A gamma ray burst originating in our Milky Way, within a thousand light years or so, could lead to mass extinction on earth. Gamma rays interacting in the earth's atmosphere would burn away the ozone layer, allowing deadly ultraviolet radiation to penetrate through the atmosphere. The influx of radiation would lead to widespread cancer and other diseases.
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&as_epq=Earth+pole+shift&as_sitesearch=.edu
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=Earth+pole-shift
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&as_epq=Earth+geomagnetic+reversal&as_sitesearch=.edu
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=Earth+geomagnetic+reversal
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=Earth+cosmic-radiation+extinctions
_
http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ javascript
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/SWN/ Space Weather Now
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/alerts/ Space Weather Alerts
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/advisories/ Space Weather Advisories
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/Data/ Space Weather Data and Products
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ftpdir/
               http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ftpdir/latest/wwv.txt Geophysical Alert Message
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/Services/
              http://www.sec.noaa.gov/radio/ SEC's Radio User's Page
       http://www.sec.noaa.gov/Education/
              http://www.sec.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/ Scale coding
ftp://sec.noaa.gov/pub/ (alternative)
http://son.nasa.gov/
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
http://lasco-www.nrl.navy.mil/javagif/
http://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov/spaceweather.shtml
http://geomag.usgs.gov/
http://www.n3kl.org/
http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/data.fcgi
http://elfrad.com/ Extremely Low Frequency Research And Development
http://science.nasa.gov/ssL/pad/solar/sxi.htm GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/events/monitor/
http://www.sunspot.noao.edu/
http://www.spacew.com/
http://solar.uleth.ca/ (alternative)
http://www.spaceweather.com/
http://solar-b.nao.ac.jp/index_e.shtml
http://www.solar.com/501data/uvmain.htm
http://www.ips.gov.au/asfc/
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/ionohome.html
ftp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/eptoms/images/
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/

http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/index.html Surface Radiation Research Branch
       http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/gen.html Sunrise/Sunset Calculator
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/data/ Astronomy Data
       http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.php Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day
http://websurf.hmnao.com/ Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office
http://www.fourmilab.ch/ or http://www.fourmilab.to/
       http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/ Earth and Moon Viewer
              http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/satellite.html
       http://www.fourmilab.ch/yoursky/
       http://www.fourmilab.ch/solar/

Ultraviolet Forecasts

Depletion of stratospheric ozone is an urgent environmental and public health problem because the ozone layer provides critical protection from solar UV radiation for life on the earth's surface. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the U.S., accounting for 50% or more of all cancers. Rates of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, have increased 3-6% a year over the last 30 years, and the National Cancer Institute reports that incidence of melanoma has doubled since the mid-1970's, when the ozone hole was identified. In 2004, the American Cancer Society estimates over 59,000 new melanomas will be diagnosed, and over 10,000 deaths will occur due to melanoma.
_
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/uv_index/
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/uv_index/uv_current.html UV forecast
              http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/uv_index/uv_current_map.html UV forecast map
http://www.weather.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=UVI&node=KWBC
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready-bin/uv.pl (alternative)
http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/KWBC/AEUS41.KWBC (alternative)
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/uv?time=Today (alternative)
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/uv?time=Yesterday (alternative)
http://www.accuweather.com/maps-health.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&zipcode=&type=uvi
http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/US/UVForecast.html
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/640x480/2xus_uv.gif
       http://icons.wunderground.com/data/images/us_uv.gif
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/boat-n-beach/fl_fcst_uv_720x486.jpg
http://www.wxresearch.com/usuv.gif

http://uv.colorado.edu/ UV Monitoring Around the World

Ozone

The ozone layer shields earth from excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation that causes skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression. Stratospheric ozone has decreased 3% globally between 1980 and 2000 and thins by 50% over Antarctica in winter and spring.
_
http://acdisc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/
http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/today.html
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov//new_AtSC/
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/ Ozone
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/index.html
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/e/ozone/Curr_allmap_g.htm
http://www.wmo.ch/web/arep/ozone.html
http://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/index.html links to World data of remote sensing of the atmosphere
http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/~sparc/Links/Links_JKaye.html links to Space-based observations of atmospheric chemistry

Gamma-Ray Burst

WR-104 is in our galaxy and it will go supernova. It appears the polar axis could be aimed at Earth, which could aim a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that could destroy the Earth's ozone causing mass life extinction. Today's science is still uncertain about GRBs because they were recently discovered in the 1960s, so they are not certain that WR-104 will result in a deadly GRB to hit Earth.
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=WR-104

http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/
or http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/swiftsc.html
or http://swift.sonoma.edu/
http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/burst_info.html
http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/grbst/links.html
http://batse.msfc.nasa.gov/gbm/
http://grb.sonoma.edu/
http://grad40.as.utexas.edu/
http://glast.sonoma.edu/
http://glast.stanford.edu/

Near-Earth Object Hazards
_
If a big enough asteroid or comet struck the ocean it would unleash a "mega tsunami" or giant tidal wave that could reach around the entire globe, inundating millions of acres of land, destroying coastal habitations and killing perhaps millions of people.
If it hit land it could completely destroy an area the size of Europe and would raise enough dust into the atmosphere to change the climate of the planet completely, causing a mini ice age that would freeze crops, destroy plant life and start a global famine. It would also completely destroy the ozone layer.

Many scientists estimate the impact by a single object 3000 feet in diameter could kill up to a quarter of our planet's population. Theories say that an asteroid is what caused the dinosaur extinction.

http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/ - http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/torino/prof.html http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/torino/
http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/
       http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/
       http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/ - http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/torino_scale.html
       http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/pha.html Potentially Hazardous Asteroids
http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/
http://neat.jpl.nasa.gov/

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/ - http://hubble.nasa.gov/news/latest.php
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/TheIndex.html
       http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/NEO/TheNEOPage.html
       http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/Dangerous.html
       http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/mpc.html
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/ Australia's Premier Centre for Astronomical Research
       http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~rmn/ Comet Discovery
http://asteroid.lowell.edu/
http://www.nearearthobjects.co.uk/
http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/cgi-bin/astdys/astibo or http://newton.dm.unipi.it/cgi-bin/neodys/neoibo
http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/
http://spaceguard.esa.int/ or http://spaceguard.rm.iasf.cnr.it/ - http://spaceguard.esa.int/NScience/neo/neo-when/impact-torino.htm
http://spaceguard.tau.ac.il/English/indexEng.html
http://www.spaceguard.or.jp/index_e.html
http://www.spaceguarduk.com/
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/spacegd.html
http://www.spaceguardindia.com/
http://earn.dlr.de/nea/
http://www.astro.uu.se/planet/
http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/
http://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/asteroidpage.html
http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/asteroids_and_comets/
more Space links

Air Quality
_
http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/aq/
http://www.weather.gov/aq/
http://airnow.gov/
http://cfpub.epa.gov/airnow/index.cfm?action=airnow.main
       http://cfpub.epa.gov/airnow/index.cfm?action=airnow.local
              http://cfpub.epa.gov/airnow/index.cfm?action=airnow.fcsummary&stateid=12 Florida Air Quality
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/air/airquality.htm Florida's Ozone Network

http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/ World Aerosal Conditions
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/images/products/globaer_plots/
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/images/products/smoke_flux/latest.gif
http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/aerosols/today_aero.html Aerosol Conditions
http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/Aerosol/Aerosol.html
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
       http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/browse.pl?prm=TC dust
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/aq.html
http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/
http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/airmon/GetAMdata.asp
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/research/projects/airmon_data.html
ftp://www.arl.noaa.gov/pub/web/trajectory/airmon/

http://www.epa.gov/
http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/emergencies.html
http://www.epa.gov/swercepp/ Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html restricted after 9/11 Transport and Dispersion from Models
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/er.html Emergency response

Fire Weather
_
http://www.nifc.gov/information.html Current Wildland Fire Information
http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us/ Maps
http://www.wfas.net/ Wildland Fire Assessment System Maps
       http://www.wfas.us/content/view/16/31/
http://www.fs.fed.us/news/fire/
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/fire_science/
       http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/fire_science/fire_weather/
              http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/fire_science/fire_weather/mfwf/MFWF.shtml Monthly Fire Weather Forecast
http://landfire.cr.usgs.gov/viewer/ javascript

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/cwwd/msd/firewx/
http://www.weather.gov/wwamap-prd/wwatxtget.php?cwa=usa&wwa=dense%20smoke%20advisory Dense Smoke Advisory
http://www.weather.gov/wwamap-prd/wwatxtget.php?cwa=usa&wwa=red%20flag%20warning Red Flag Warning
http://www.weather.gov/wwamap-prd/wwatxtget.php?cwa=usa&wwa=fire%20weather%20watch Fire Weather Watch
http://fire.boi.noaa.gov/ Click-on map of daily fire weather forecast from NWS offices across the nation
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/fire_wx/
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/firecomp/ Experimental graphics
http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/projects/fire.html Fire Severity Project
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/smoke/forecast.html
ftp://www.arl.noaa.gov/pub/web/fires/
ftp://www.arl.noaa.gov/pub/web/trajectory/

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/ Satellite fire detection older images; sometimes shows Florida
       http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/GASP/gasp.html GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product (GASP)
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/burn/wfabba.html
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/ Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/images/products/flambe_flux/latest.gif
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/ Vegetation Health Index
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/IMAGES/gvi.html Global Vegetation Index
http://www.osei.noaa.gov/Events/Fires/ Older satellite images
http://radar.weather.gov/ Radar can show big smoke plums

Drought
_
http://www.drought.gov/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hic/current/drought/ Drought statements
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/ssd/html/drought.htm
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/monitoring_and_data/drought.shtml
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/regional_monitoring/palmer.gif Drought Severity map
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/regional_monitoring/cmi.gif Crop Moisture map
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/threats/briefs/brief14.html United States Hazards Assessment: Drought/Wildfire
       http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/threats/s_threats.gif
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/drought_assessment.shtml
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/soilmst/ Soil Moisture Monitoring
http://wxmaps.org/pix/soil1.html 14-day Soil Moisture Outlook
http://www.wfas.net/ Moisture & Drought
http://www.drought.unl.edu/monitor/monitor.htm
       http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/
              http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/monitor.html U.S. Drought maps
              http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/current.html Combination of Drought maps
              http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/forecast.html U.S. Drought Forecast maps
       http://www.drought.unl.edu/monitor/currspi.htm Standardized Precipitation Index
       http://www.drought.unl.edu/risk/us/usimpacts.htm Drought Impacts
       http://www.drought.unl.edu/monitor/tools.htm
http://water.usgs.gov/
       http://water.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/dailyMainW?state=us&map_type=dryw&web_type=map Drought Watch
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/soilmoist_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/current/palmer_drought_720x486.jpg

Earthquakes
_
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
       http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/
       http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsus/Quakes/quakes_big.php
       http://gldss7.cr.usgs.gov/current_data.html
       http://gldss7.cr.usgs.gov/neis/data_services/ftp_files.html
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
       http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/research.php
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prodtype=earthquake
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/earthquake?time=Latest
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/earthquake?time=Today
http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/earthquake?time=Yesterday
http://www.iris.washington.edu/quakes/quakes.htm
http://www.ceri.memphis.edu/
http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/
       http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/redpuma/redpuma_ami_list.html Rapid earthquake data
       http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/redpuma/redpuma_plus6_list.html
       http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/redpuma/maps/worldmap.html
http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/geofon/
       http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/db/eqinfo.php
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/usa_earth_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/ak_earth_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/nw_earth_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/scal_earth_720x486.jpg
http://image.weather.com/images/maps/special/ncal_earth_720x486.jpg

http://www.geophys.washington.edu/seismosurfing.html
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=links links for geoscientists

http://directory.google.com/Top/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geophysics/Earthquakes/
http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology_and_Geophysics/Seismology/
http://dmoz.org/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geophysics/Earthquakes/

http://www.fema.gov/hazard/earthquake/index.shtm

Earthquake Prediction
Beware of prediction errors without verification!
http://www.quakeprediction.com/
http://www.syzygyjob.org/
http://www.syzygyjob.net/jackcoles/
http://www.syzygyjob.net/prediction/messages.html
http://www.syzygyjob.com/earthquakes/rqlinks.shtml
http://www.freewebz.com/eq-forecasting/
http://scec.ess.ucla.edu/%7Eykagan/predictions_index.html
http://quake.exit.com/
http://www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~gfg/jisin.html#001
http://earthquake.itgo.com/today.htm
http://www.weatherscope.ca/EarthquakeForecasts.asp
http://www.yatsugatake-eorc.org/ fax-only predictions - Astronomer Yoshio Kushida analyzing radio wave flux from a number of FM stations across the country, believes he has found five basic wave patterns that appear several days before a major earthquake.
http://www.quakefinder.com/links.htm

Earth's magnetic field reversal
Did Mars lose most of its atmosphere without a protective magnetosphere from solar wind erosion?

Volcanoes
_
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/vaac.html
http://aviationweather.gov/iffdp/volc.shtml
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/vaftadmenu.html

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
       http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/update.html Current Updates for US and Russian Volcanoes
http://www.pnsn.org/ Pacific Northwest
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/ Cascades Volcano Observatory
http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/ Gifford Pinchot National Forest Mount St. Helens Updates
http://www.volcano.si.edu/
       http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/
       http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/current.html
http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/pacific/vancouver/volcanoes/index_e.html Volcanoes of Canada
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/ Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/ Alaska Volcano Observatory
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/
http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/earth/tectonics/volcano/
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/

http://www.intlvrc.org/ International Volcano Research Centre (INTLVRC) news
http://www.intlvrc.org/cerupt.htm Current Eruptions
<http://www.volcanolive.com/volcanolive.html Volcano news
http://www.sveurop.org/gb/menu/fr_menu.htm EUROPEAN VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volcano news
http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/livecams/worldwide-en.html Volcanic Live Cams

http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/volcano.html Volcano Satellite Imagery
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/opdb/aviation/volc.html Eastern Caribbean | Mexico | Central America | Ecuador | Alaska |
http://www.osei.noaa.gov/Events/Volcano/
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?topic=volcano

Super volcanoes are potentially the greatest hazard on Earth, the only greater threat being an asteroid or comet impact from space. Geologists say there is a real risk that sooner or later a supervolcano will erupt with devastating force, sending temperatures plunging on a hemispheric or a global scale causing massive extinctions due to a reduced food supply. The Yellowstone super volcano in Wyoming, USA has gone off roughly once every 600,000 years. Its last eruption was 640,000 years ago The Toba caldera in Sumatra, Indonesia last erupted about 74,000 years ago. Both those or other super volcanoes are overdue for eruption.

Volcanoes that produced exceedingly voluminous pyroclastic eruptions and formed large calderas in the past 2 million years would include Yellowstone, Long Valley in eastern California, Toba in Indonesia, and Taupo in New Zealand. Other "supervolcanoes" would likely include the large caldera volcanoes of Japan, Indonesia, and South America.
http://www.google.com/search?num=50&q=super-volcano+caldera+OR+super-volcanoes+caldera
http://www.google.com/search?num=50&q=Toba+super-volcanoes

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/ Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/ Long Valley Caldera
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Yellowstone/ Yellowstone Caldera
http://www.seis.utah.edu/ Utah and Yellowstone National Park
http://www.seis.utah.edu/yvo/ Yellowstone Volcano Observatory links
http://www.nps.gov/yell/home.htm Yellowstone National Park

http://www.solcomhouse.com/yellowstone.htm
http://whyfiles.org/shorties/083giant_volc/

http://www.fema.gov/hazards/volcanoes/

Tsunami
_
If a big enough asteroid or comet (600 feet in diameter or more) struck the ocean it would unleash a "mega tsunami" or giant tidal wave that could reach around the entire globe, inundating millions of hectares of land, destroying coastal habitations and killing perhaps millions of people.
http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/observations_data.html Tsunami Observations & Data
http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/eventmap.html Tsunami Warnings and Watches
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prodtype=tsunami

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/tsu_links.html Tsunami Links
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/ International Tsunami Information Center
http://wcatwc.gov/ WEST COAST & ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1803-01-
http://www.benfieldhrc.org/ The Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, Department of Geological Sciences
An eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands would cause a mega-tsunami if a landslide occurs. Waves up to 600 feet washing inland 50 to 100 miles. No coastline in the North Atlantic would be spared. Britain, France, Spain and Portugal would all be badly hit. North Africa would be hit, but the main wave would travel west. It would storm across the Atlantic in hours, hitting the Caribbean and Brazil. The real damage would be to the East coast of the USA. However the next eruption may not destroy the island, but one of the future eruptions certainly will.
http://www.benfieldhrc.org/SiteRoot/tsunamis/mega_tsunami_more.htm

http://www.fema.gov/hazards/tsunamis/

NOAA Products and Data Management
_
http://products.weather.gov/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/ Communications Office - NWS Focus
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/directives/ Directives for NWS products
http://nzone.nws.noaa.gov/DirectivesTracking.nsf/
       http://nzone.nws.noaa.gov/WSOM.nsf/FWSOM Weather Service Operations Manual
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/wsom/ or http://www.nws.noaa.gov/_wsom/
http://www.rdc.noaa.gov/~foia/asdhome/noaacirc/ NOAA Circulars
http://www.ops1.nws.noaa.gov/ NWS Maintenance Logisitics and Acquisition Division
http://www.nwstc.noaa.gov/nwstrn/ NWS Training Center
       http://www.nwstc.noaa.gov/outreach.html Acronyms
http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/bgm/domestic_contractions.html Frequently used contractions
http://www.ofcm.gov/
       http://www.ofcm.gov/homepage/text/pubs.htm
              http://www.ofcm.gov/fmh-1/fmh1.htm Federal Meteorological Handbook and Decoding
http://metar.noaa.gov/ METAR is the international standard code format for hourly surface weather observations
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/im/ Industrial Meteorology and software
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/geodata/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/awips/index.htm
http://www.unidata.ucar.edu./staff/russ/met-standards.html

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/datamgmt/
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/datamgmt/notices.shtml Change Notices
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/datamgmt/commsid.html Communication Identifier Definition References
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/datamgmt/fos/fospage.html Family of Services Data and Products
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/ Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/notif.htm Product and Service Updates
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/disemsys.shtml Dissemination Services
http://205.156.54.206/tgstatus/
_
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/no/?C=M;O=D
       http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/no/noxx01.kwbc..txt
       http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/no/noxx10.kwbc..txt
       http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/no/nous41.kwbc.pns.wsh.txt
http://www.weather.gov/view/national.php?prod=PNS&sid=WSH
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/data/WBC/PNSWSH NOUS41 KWBC
http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KWBC/nous41.chunk.html
http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/KWBC/NOUS41.KWBC

http://205.156.54.206/center.html NWS Office of Systems Operations
http://205.156.54.206/nwws/ NOAA Weather Wire Service
       http://205.156.54.206/nwws/listings.htm
http://www.weather.gov/tg/ Telecommunication Operations Center
       http://www.weather.gov/tg/cominfo.html
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/tg/general.html
       http://weather.noaa.gov/tg/wmohdg.shtml
              http://weather.noaa.gov/tg/dir_subset.shtml
or http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/msgdist/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndm/ AWIPS National Datasets Maintenance (NDM)
       http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndm/natdatalog.html Log of recent and pending updates to the AWIPS National Datasets
http://nws.noaa.gov/emwin/windat.htm EMWIN File Names
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/products/dictionary.txt
http://dynis.dyncsc.com/contracts/nwws/
       http://dynis.dyncsc.com/contracts/nwws/other/details.html
http://weather.unisys.com/noaaport/text_summary.html NOAAPORT Text Data Description
http://weather.unisys.com/wxp/Appendices/WMO_DDS.html Domestic Data Services

http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/ois/ois-home.htm WMO - IDS Operational Information Service (OIS)
http://alto-stratus.wmo.ch/WWWOIS/ Publication No.9 Volume C1 Interactive Search
ftp://www.wmo.ch/

Weather Research
_
http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/
http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/
http://www.research.noaa.gov/
http://www.etl.noaa.gov/programs/
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/
http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/
http://www.omao.noaa.gov/ NOAA Marine and Aviation Operations

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ Interactive map of NWS Offices, RFC, and CWS homepages
http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrhq/nwspage.html Interactive map of NWS Offices

http://www-sdd.fsl.noaa.gov/MSAS/qcms_messages.html Quality Control Messages of Surface Data

http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/surface/stations.txt or http://adds.aviationweather.gov/metars/stations.txt World letter code station list
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/tg/siteloc.shtml Meteorological Station Information Lookup
http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/staff/chiz/stations/stations.shtml (alternative)
http://www.weathergraphics.com/cgi-bin/code.cgi (alternative)
_
http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climvis/cards/get_cards_stns.html Upper-Air Station Information Lookup

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/conversion/mppconversion.html Conversion and Decoder Charts
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/elp/wxcalc/wxcalc.shtml
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/severewx/branick2.html Glossary of Weather Terms for Storm Spotters

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climateresearch.html
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/monitoring.html
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climateproducts.html US Climatic Summaries
http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwAW~MP~F Most Popular Free Products
http://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov:80/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001 Comparative Climatic Data
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/climatology.html
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/climat/records/ Normals & Extremes for selected east central Florida cities
http://www.esdim.noaa.gov/noaaserver-bin/NOAAServer?stype=home environmental databases

http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/climate/climate_normals/index_e.cfm Canadian Climate Normals
http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/climate/climate_normals_1990/ Canadian Climate Normals

http://www.weather.com/weather/climatology/monthly/32801
http://www.weather.com/weather/climatology/daily/32801
http://www.usps.com/cgi-bin/zip4/ctystzip2 USPS City State / ZIP Code Associations

CLIMATE COLLAPSE The Pentagon's Weather Nightmare By David Stipp
http://www.fortune.com/fortune/print/0,15935,582584,00.html
http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/aboutus/climate_dynamics/
http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/Pubdocs/research.html Aeronomy Laboratory
http://story.news.yahoo.com/fc?cid=34&tmpl=fc&in=World&cat=Climate_Change
http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/warming-index.html
http://www.google.com/search?num=50&q=global-warming+national-security

Other Weather Links
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http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/ NOAA Weather Radio
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/nwrbro.htm frequencies

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/lanina/ El Nino
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/ El Nino
http://nsipp.gsfc.nasa.gov/enso/index.html El Nino

http://www.oar.noaa.gov/search/sitemap.html Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR

http://www.usda.gov/agency/oce/waob/jawf/ Joint Agricultural Weather Facility

http://www.legislative.noaa.gov/

http://www.sab.noaa.gov/Reports/Reports.html NOAA's Science Advisory Board (SAB)

http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/ Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM)

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/ Geomagnetism

http://image.weather.com/web/maps/recreation/golf/forecast/us_national_golf_index_day1_720_en.jpg
http://image.weather.com/web/maps/recreation/golf/forecast/us_national_golf_index_day2_720_en.jpg
http://image.weather.com/web/maps/recreation/golf/forecast/us_se_golf_index_day1_720_en.jpg
http://image.weather.com/web/maps/recreation/golf/forecast/us_se_golf_index_day2_720_en.jpg cn ec nc ne nw sc se sw wc

Nautral Hazard Statistics and Publications
_
Rank estimates of weather-related human fatalties in the USA for the past three decades. This does not include geology-related deaths from earthquakes, tsunamis, or volcanoes. In addition, the statistics do not include fatalties due to low visibilties caused by fog, smoke, dust, sand, and/or precipitation. Low visibility may rank high in the list of hazards.
1. Heat Waves
2. Winter Storms and Cold Extremes
3. Floods
4. Wind Storms
5. Lightning
6. Tornadoes
7. Tropical Cyclones
8. Hail
9. BrushFires and Drought

http://www.weather.gov/safety.html
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml - http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures.shtml
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/education.html
http://www.fema.gov/hazards/
http://www.naturalhazards.org/
http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wsafe0.htm
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/weather-events.html
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/infoService/bibs/disman.asp
http://ndrd.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://disasterfinder.gsfc.nasa.gov/

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/severeweather/
http://www.noaa.gov/floods.html
http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hurricane/
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/
http://www.education.noaa.gov/

Deaths due to weather/weather related phenomena in FLORIDA: 1959-1993
(from Storm Data)

Lightning 53.1%
Drowning 16.1%
Tornadoes 12.9%
Hurricanes 8.7%
Wind 4.2%
Cold 3.5%
Misc 1.5%

Weather QuickLinks