McDonald Territory
(McDonald County, Missouri)
Secession Attempt, 1961

Who were the players?

The following is a non-exhaustive list of names and place names (other than the elected officials; see my other page for those) of those individuals, agencies, places, businesses, organizations or entities who were identified as playing a role of some sort, in the McDonald Territory event of 1961.  If a word or sentence is underlined and in blue, it is a link.  Click on it to go to a related photograph or additional information.   If known, the role, and the date of involvement is given.  This list will be periodically updated as new information becomes available. Contributions are welcomed.

NAME AFFILIATION, RELATIONSHIP or CONNECTION, if known DATE first mentioned COMMENTS, EXPLANATIONS, INFORMATION AND LINKS TO OTHER PHOTOS
AUBREY JOHNSON STATION Owned by McDonald Territory member Aubrey Johnson, a service station on the Missouri-Arkansas state line 13 April 1961 Reported to be the site where the first "McDonald Territory" sign was erected, south of Noel on Highway 59.
ACKERMAN, First Name Unknown  (Mrs.) One of the "Territorial Ladies" present at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the special event, caption identified her as being from Sulphur Springs, Ark. (Benton County)
BAKER, Dick McDonald Territory member, probably member of its governing board 1961 Appears in Jefferson City meeting with Governor Dalton; photo appeared in Bradley's "McDonald County, Missouri: A Pictorial Interpretation, 1972 
Pineville, Missouri, self-published   Photo
BARRON, Robert Missouri Highway Commission (MHC) / Missouri Highway Department 8 April 1961 Supervised publication of annual tourism guide that omitted McDonald County towns (generally accepted as the catalyst for Territorial/secession events)
BATTLE OF NOEL Another name sometimes seen used to identify the mock battle between the McDonald Territory militia and the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River, i.e. the "Great McDonald Territory War" or the "Great McDonald Territory Battle" 16 April 1961 This was a "staged" or mock battle; it was not a genuine armed conflict.  It could very well have been the "Battle of Pineville" if not for Sheriff Tennyson, who ran the Carthaginians off, and they then headed for Noel where they engaged the "rebels"
BEIERS, Chris McDonald Territory member  Photo April 1961 Appears in Pogue's (?)group photo of the McDonald Territorial Office with other officials and members
BURLESON, David J. Arkansas State Legislator, representing Washington County, Arkansas 11 April 1961 Suggested Arkansas begin annexation proceedings for McDonald County (to obtain for ArkansasText of Burleson Letter
BUSH, Hilary Lt. Governor of State of Missouri, President of the Missouri Senate 13 April 1961 Reported as having referred the secession resolution to the Resolutions Committee
CARTHAGE LIGHT GUARD One of the elements that made up the Combined Armies of Spring River April 1961 See United Sons of the Confederacy, this page
CARTWRIGHT, Fred Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol, probably one of governing members of the group 1961 Appears at Jefferson City meeting in Governor Dalton's office  Photo
CATES, Howard Postmaster of Noel, Missouri during the time period of the Territorial event (1961) 1961 Reportedly cancelled over 60,000 items during the 1961 holiday season when a large number of the Territorial stamps were used on mailings
CHAMBERLAIN, Rex Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol   Mentioned by Macy
CLIFTON, Robert (Bob) Dispatcher, Joplin Police Department 15 April 1961 Volunteered his services as Law Enforcement Director for McDonald Territory
COMBINED UNION AND CONFEDERATE  ARMIES OF SPRING RIVER A Civil War re-enactment group and historical society from Jasper County, Missouri; also referred to as the United Sons of the Union and Confederacy 15 April 1961 Also simply the Combined Army of Spring River
CORBETT, James J. Missouri Highway Department Chief Engineer 9 April 1961 Offered (unsatisfactory) explanation of omission event in August 3, 1961 letter to McGowan
CRAWFORD, Gene A "Union General" with the United Sons of the Union and Confederacy 16 April 1961 Was "captured" by McDonald Territory militiamen on April 16, 1961   Photo
CROCKER, Lee One of the members of the general staff of the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River 15 April 1961  
DALTON, John M. (Jake) Governor, State of Missouri 9 April 1961 Was issued a visa on 10 May 1961 from McDonald Territorial officials  Photo
DAVIS, Clyta Staff member of Neosho Daily News 1961 Wrote the "National Anthem" for McDonald Territory
EARLE, DeWard Member of general staff of Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River, present at ultimatum planning meeting at Fairfield Woods 1961  
EASTER, Richard Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appeared in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
EDMONDS, Pate C. (P.C.) McDonald Territory member; served as Associate Judge of Eastern District of McDonald County Court (equivalent of today's County Commissioners; they used to be called "judges", but it was an administrative function, not a legal position in the normal sense of a Judge) 1961 Appeared as part of Jefferson City delegation in Governor Dalton's office   Photo
EDMONSON, J. Howard Governor, State of Oklahoma 12 April 1961 Was involved in tri-state discussions re: secession attempt   Photo
ELK RIVER River flowing through McDonald County that ends up forming the Elk River Arm of the Grand Lake of the Cherokees, a 43,500 acre reservoir in Northeast Oklahoma, that figures prominently in McDonald County history and comes up often in articles and discussions relating to McDonald County/Territory   Map 1   Map 2     Real-time water data from USGS     Postcard 1  Postcard 2
ELK RIVER Basin Improvement Association Shadow Lake Resort mentioned as part of their concerns; possible predecessor of Elk River Watershed Improvement Association (ERWIA)?; Elk River could be considered the backbone of McDonald County tourism 8 April 1961 Formed immediately prior to the secession effort; The Joplin Globe mentioned that Ralph Pogue was a member of this organization
ELK RIVER Gun Club Club members constituted the Department of Defense for McDonald Territory; a militia composed of territorial citizens exercising Second Amendment rights 13 April 1961 Appointed as Border Patrol for McDonald Territory; also referred to as McDonald Territory Border Guards
ENGLAND, Ira Head of the McDonald County Resources and Development department 9 April 1961 Replied to Corbett's story
FAIRFIELD, Rodney M. Member of general staff of Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River, present at drafting of the ultimatum to McDonald Territory 15 April 1961 Probably connected with "Fairfield Woods"
FAIRFIELD WOODS Site of the drafting of the ultimatum from the United Sons to McDonald Territory; location is also referred to as "HQ, Jasper County Invasion Force", used as the dateline in Carthage Evening Press references 15 April 1961 Somewhere near Carthage, Missouri; exact location unknown
FAUBUS, Orval E. * Governor, State of Arkansas at the time of the McDonald Territory events 15 April 1961 Welcomed the possible addition of McDonald County to Arkansas  Photo
Photo of proposed map showing the new "bootheel" projecting into Missouri, just north of Benton County, Arkansas 
FIRST CARTHAGE VOLUNTEER CAVALRY Another element that was part of the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River April 1961 Also see United Sons of the Union and Confederacy, this page
FIRST CONFEDERATE INFANTRY Another element that was part of the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River April 1961 Also see United Sons of the Union and Confederacy, this page
FISHBACK, Doris One of the "Territorial Ladies" present at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the special event
FLORITO, Louie McDonald Territory Militia Private who assisted in the "apprehension" of Gen. Crawford and Col. G. Bennett Wilson at the Noel City Jail 16 Apr 1961 Took part in the battle against the "Jasper County Invasion Force" Name is also seen spelled as "FIORITO"; see Macy.
GINGER BLUE RESORT Another resort that is mentioned several times as a meeting place for territorial activities; site of resolution of protest against State of Missouri actions   Ginger Blue is an unincorporated village in McDonald County, the Kansas City Southern railroad goes through it.  Ginger Blue Inn is now the name of the resort; also part of the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area
GREAT McDONALD TERRITORY WAR Another name for the mock battle that took place between the "Jasper County Invasion Force" and the McDonald Territory Militia 16 April 1961  
GRIFFITH, Donna Rose One of four "land grab" winners in McDonald Territory land rush (Sunday 1 May 1961) 2 May 1961 From Tulsa, Oklahoma  Photo 
HALL, Durward G., Dr. Congressman, Missouri's 7th Congressional District 7 April 1961 Spoke to  the McDonald County Republican group at the Ginger Blue Resort, that date     Photo
HALL, William H. Mayor of Anderson, Missouri   Said he did not favor the territorial secession attempt
HARMON, Forrest McDonald Territory member April 1961 Appears in photo of the McDonald Territorial Office   (Father of Dan Harmon?)
HARMON, Mertie One of the "Territorial Ladies" present at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the special event; see Forrest Harmon
HARMON, RoseAnn One of the "Territorial Ladies" present at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the special event
HEADLEE, Kenny Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
HENRY, Ray Secretary, Siloam Springs, AR Chamber of Commerce; also affiliated with an entity called the Prize Drive Association as their Sec.-Treas., seeking or in furtherance of  an Ozark "Prize Drive" highway designation 1961 Pictured with Z.L. McGowan with proposed territorial map; appeared as an envoy from Arkansas Governor Faubus     Photo
HENSON, Paul Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
HOOKER, Jerry Alias or mistaken identity for Sheriff Ralph Hooker? 16 April 1961 Nevada MO newspaper article reported the name of the injured soldier at the battle as "Jerry Hooker"; appears to be an error; most all sources report that it was Ralph Hooker. Maybe Hooker had a son at the same event whose name was confused?
HOOKER, Ralph L. Old-time Lawman born in Carthage, Missouri; usually referred to as Marshal Hooker; was serving as a scout for the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River when they "invaded" McDonald Territory. The rifle he was firing was an actual relic of the Battle of Carthage (July 5, 1861)  Hooker was also part of the ultimatum planning meeting at Fairfield Woods

Hooker authored a book entitled Born Out Of Season

April 1961 Slightly injured during a mock battle between United Sons of the Union and Confederacy (Carthage Civil War re-enactors) and McDonald Territory when a gun exploded       [Also see: WILSON]  Hooker could be termed as a military casualty, as opposed to the one civilian casualty.
Go here to see an article about Hooker, who was the first Marshal at Silver Dollar City 

Photo 
HOWERTON, Jimmy "Squeak" Lt. in McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Pictured in grouping of himself, Jim Stevens and Riley  Photo 
JOHNSON, Aubrey McDonald Territory member; also see Aubrey Johnson Station 1961 Appears at Jefferson City meeting with Governor Dalton  Photo 
JOPLIN Chamber of Commerce Provided space for McDonald Territory Foreign Embassy 1961 McDonald Territory's Foreign Embassy supposedly placed at the Joplin Chamber of Commerce office
KELSO, Joe Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
KERRY, Bill Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
LEGGITT, Evelyn The only civilian casualty of the "Great McDonald Territory War"; injured when she was struck by shrapnel from the Civil War era Harper's Ferry musket that exploded when fired by Marshal Hooker 16 April 1961 Received a certificate from the Carthage Board of Realtors in recognition of her sacrifice in being wounded in McDonald Territory
LEVITT, Stan Was the then-newscaster for KODE-TV, Joplin 13 April 1961 Appears in photo with Yocum and McGowan, in McDonald County Press
LOGAN, Herman Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
LOVETT, Monk Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia   Verified by Macy blog.
MACY, Rock "Pa" Student who drew ensign for McDonald Territory (was still in school back in 1961)   Relates the story and other first hand memories in his blog http://pa-rocks-ramble.blogspot.com/2011/01/mcdonald-territory.html
MAYES, Roy E., Sr. Commissioner for Southwest District, Missouri Highway Commission 11 April 1961 Discussed the McDonald Territory situation in a Neosho Daily News story
McGHEE, George One of four "land grab" winners in McDonald Territory land rush 2 May 1961 From Bartlesville, Oklahoma  Photo
McGOWAN, Helen Wife of Territorial President   Ran gift shop, sold McDonald Territory souvenirs.
McGOWAN, Z.L. "Zeke" Territorial President.   President of the Territory, negotiated with Indian Tribes.
MODERY, Bob Member of general staff of the Combined Armies of Spring River, was present at ultimatum planning meeting at Fairfield Woods 15 April 1971 Picture of the planning committee appeared in Carthage Evening Press, photo by Carl Taylor
MONEYMAKER, Louis Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
MOSBAUGH, Mrs. Ray One of the "Territorial Ladies" present at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the special event [Wife of R.C. Mosbaugh? See elected officials page]
MOUNT SHIRA
Mountain, Cave, Bluff
Geographical feature prominent in McDonald County; site of rebel territorial flag raising.
Geocode: Latitude (lat) 36.5817396° Longitude (long) -94.4643833° in the USGS Noel Quad;
Mt. Shira cave opened in 1926
April 1961 Site of staged publicity photo by McDonald Territory members  Google Earth
Map 1  Map 2  Map 3

Vintage 1937 postcard showing Mt. Shira Bluff
"Nickel Beer and No Taxes" Slogan attributed to McDonald Territorians shortly after the Battle of Noel; insisting that they continue the efforts to secede, and stating that this was they really wanted... 17 April 1961 Taken from a reference found in caption to "Final Charge in Battle of Noel" photograph which appeared in the Carthage Evening Press (A Carl Taylor photograph)
NEOSHO, City of City Council Resolution; Neosho is the Newton County Seat (the adjoining County to north of McDonald) 13 April 1961 By resolution, officially recognized the provisional government of McDonald Territory and appointed an ambassador to McDonald Territory
NOEL City in McDonald County along the Elk River, that figures most prominently in the McDonald Territory story.  Commonly known as the Christmas City, for its longstanding annual tradition of applying Christmas-related "cachets" to outgoing mail such as Christmas cards 
Vintage Photo Postcard  View of Noel from Air  View of Noel from Air 2
  Insider tip: Despite the Christmas City moniker, this town's name is commonly pronounced as if you were saying the word "knoll", not as in Christmassy NO-EL. Strangely enough, Noel is actually part of the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers AR-MO Federal Metropolitan Statistical Area
O'REILLY, Pat Former Mayor of Neosho, Missouri 15 April 1961 Named as an "Ambassador with portfolio" to McDonald Territory after resolution from Neosho City Council recognizing McDonald Territory
OUR LADY OF THE OZARKS COLLEGE
(no longer in existence)
Site where the Combined Sons of the Confederacy / Combined Armies of Spring River met for assembly enroute to the "Great McDonald Territory War"; was located at Grand and Fairview, the current location of the Vietnamese Congregation of the Co-Redemptrix and the Annual Marian Days Festival in Carthage, Missouri, the largest Roman-Catholic Festival in the United States 15 April 1961  
OZARKS PRIZE DRIVE ASSOCIATION See Ray Henry entry above   ^ 1961 An entity or organization connected with the Siloam Springs Chamber of Commerce involved in highway planning related to tourism in the Northwest Arkansas area.  Also see postcard showing entry into Noel from the north, calling it the Ozark's Prize Drive...     Postcard 2
PATTERSON, Bob Member of general staff of Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River, was present at ultimatum planning meeting at Fairfield Woods 15 April 1961  
PILOT CLUB A worldwide service organization that was having a district convention in Joplin in 1961 at the historic Connor Hotel. The McDonald Territory Border Guard led by McGowan and Harmon, attempted to "ambush" the Joplin-bound bus and prevent it from making it to the event. (The bus was apparently passing through "McDonald Territory" enroute to Joplin.) 6 May 1961 The women of the club were advised that it would be all right for the convention to proceed, providing that none of the women attempted to enter McDonald Territory without a proper visa.  They then invited the patrolmen to stay for supper with them at the banquet, held in the roof garden of the splendid Connor Hotel.
POGUE, George Editor of McDonald County Territorial Press/McDonald County Press 15 April 1961 Co-Author of "Why We Seceded From Our Missouri Mammy" 
Also see: POGUE, Ralph under elected officials of McDonald Territory; George was son of Ralph and Ruth Pogue
PRIZE DRIVE ASSOCIATION An entity which Ray Henry was an officer in; something to do with seeking a highway designation as an "Ozark Prize Drive"; not much else is known. 13 April 1961 McDonald Territory would have included Highway 59 as a portion of the proposed Ozark Prize Drive
REEVES, Merida McDonald Territory member  Photo April 1961 Appears in group photo of the McDonald Territorial Office
RILEY, E. Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue group photo of Patrol, assembled
RILEY, Jim Corporal in the McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in the photo grouping himself, Jim Stevens and Howerton   Photo Also verified by Pa Rock in his blog.
RITTER, Olin Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue group photo of Patrol, assembled
ROBERTS, Hope  (Mrs.) One of four "land grab" winners in McDonald Territory land rush 2 May 1961 From Joplin, Missouri   Photo
ROBIE, Carl Artist from Noel, MO, who did several political cartoons around time of the McDonald Territory event, mocking the stupidity of the State of Missouri, et al. 1961 Humorous depictions of some of the principals involved, mainly Ark. Governor Faubus and Missouri Highway Department officials
ROSS, Jacquelin  Mrs. One of four "land grab" winners in McDonald Territory land rush 2 May 1961 From Parsons, Kansas   Photo
SAUGEE, Henry, Chief   # Chief, Cherokee Indian Tribe, Oklahoma   (was from Jay, Oklahoma area) 15 April 1961 Stated that the Cherokee tribe would accept McDonald Territory back for the Indians; Met with Territorial President McGowan   Photo   Caution: photograph might well be viewed as "politically incorrect" given our present-day considerations, and therefore objectionable to some viewers.
Photo 2    Photo3    Photo4
SAUNDERS, Mason B. (M.B.) Maker of the "Welcome to McDonald Territory" signs 12 April 1961 Owner of Noel Sign Service; see example of his work here
SHADOW LAKE A resort at Noel, described at the time by Ralph Pogue as being "the oldest Ozark tourist center"    Vintage Linen Postcard April 1961 This site name comes up several times in the story of McDonald Territory
SIMS, Jode McDonald Territory member 1961 Appears at Jefferson City meeting in Governor Dalton's office   Photo
SMITH, Gene Member of the Combined Union and Confederate Armies of Spring River, present at the ultimatum planning meeting 1961  
SMITH, Norman, Jr. President, McDonald County Republican Club; was manager of the Ginger Blue resort at the time of the secession attempt 7 April 1961 Passed an official protest against MHC action of 'omission'/deletion
SNIDER, M.J. Assistant Chief Engineer, Missouri Highway Department 1961 Stated that omission of McDonald County from the map was an oversight, in sharp contrast to other State Highway Department employees who said it was not
ST. CLAIR, B.F. McDonald Territory member, assisted in forming Territorial policy    Photo 13 April 1961 Appears in group photo of the McDonald Territorial Office  
SPRADLING, Albert President Pro-Tem of Missouri Senate, A Missouri Senator 13 April 1961 Objected to secession attempt, recommended referral to resolutions committee of Missouri Senate
STEVENS, Jim (Sgt.) Sgt. in McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 15 April 1961 Pictured in Globe article of April 15, 1961 in figure of a backwoodsman with an antique muzzleloader Photo 
STEVENS, Skip Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
STRAIN, Mrs. Jack (and son) One of the "Territorial Ladies" at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the event; also see Wanda Strain- fyi, these ladies appear to be related
STRAIN, Wanda One of the "Territorial Ladies" at the May 1, 1961 Land Rush event 1 May 1961 Ladies who dressed in yesteryear Sunday best for the event; caption identifies her as being from Sulphur Springs, Ark.
SUMNER, First Name Unknown Member of McDonald Territory Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled
TAYLOR, Carl Free-lance photographer for the Carthage Evening Press; took many photos of the Battle of Noel event 1961 Owned and operated Taylor Photos
TENNYSON, John (Sheriff)¹ Sheriff of McDonald County at time of the 1961 Events; notably played a role in the "Great McDonald Territory War" and was not at all amused by the goings-on 16 April 1961 Tennyson ran off the United Sons from Carthage, when they starting setting up pup tents on the McDonald County Courthouse lawn; later had an exchange of words with Robt. Yocum, Attorney General for McDonald Territory
TERRITORIAL FLAG Very rough depiction of the McDonald Territory "battle ensign"   16 April 1961 Flown at the Great McDonald Territory War/Battle of Noel; need information as to designer, owner, present location, etc.  The flag appeared to be homemade in nature and was hand-lettered, possibly with a Sharpie/Permanent Marker
TODD, Charlie Member of McDonald County Border Patrol/Militia 1961 Appears in Pogue photo of Patrol, assembled [Was he later a Deputy Sheriff in Jasper County, circa 1980?]
ULTIMATUM MEETING Took place in Jasper County, Missouri, near Carthage. Preparatory event for Battle of Noel 1961 See Fairfield Woods above    ^
UNITED SONS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERACY Organization that challenged the McDonald Territory members to a mock battle to quell the rebellion; their military "arm" was the Combined Union and Confederate Armies of Spring River 16 April 1961 Civil War Re-enactment group from the Carthage, Missouri area; aka the Combined Union and Confederate Armies of Spring River
U.S.S. MISSOURI
(BB-63)
Historic United States Battleship: Hull No. BB-63, now a floating war memorial at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii   Photo  Photo 2 16 April 1961 Territorial President McGowan asked for the WW II battleship to be turned over to the territory and docked at Lake St. Clair (links to the St. Lawrence seaway/ Great Lakes)
WEBSTER, Richard M., Esq.   (Senator) President, Jasper County Civil War Commemoration, Inc.; and Jasper County Civil War Centennial Commission (these may be variants of the same organization); their military "arm" was the Combined Union and Confederate Armies of Spring River 16 April 1961 One of the arrangers of the mock battle with McDonald Territory in effort to "suppress the rebellion"; most likely he was the writer of the "ultimatum", given the legal language involved (Webster was a prominent attorney in Carthage). He also bore a resemblance to Abraham Lincoln and often wore a stovepipe top hat such as Lincoln was known to wear; he is so pictured in the McDonald Territory/Jasper County Invasion Force photos
WALKER, Boyd State Legislator, McDonald County, during time period of the event 12 April 1961 Filed resolution in the Missouri House of Representatives to resolve the conflict
WELBORN, Robert Admin. Assistant to Missouri Governor John Dalton 13 April 1961 Appointed as a diplomat to McDonald Territory by Governor Dalton
WHILES, Bill Member of general staff of the Combined Union-Confederate Armies of Spring River, present at ultimatum planning meeting 15 April 1961  
WILSON, G. Bennett (Col.) Commanding  ** Commanded the combined Union and Confederate Armies of Spring River, (United Sons of the Union and Confederacy re-enactment group from Carthage MO); had also issued a call for volunteers to join their expeditionary force to McDonald Territory 16 April 1961 Commander of the Unit that challenged the McDonald Territory Border Guards to a mock battle; was also captured along with Gene Crawford on April 16, 1961 during the mock battle
WYLIE, Rivers Sought to head up a Homestead Land Department for McDonald Territory 13 April 1961 No indication that such a unit of the provisional government ever was created.

    
REFERENCE NOTES:

       ¹ The Sheriff's name is also seen in other sources spelled as TENNISON.

      * The Arkansas Governor's first name is also seen spelled at many internet sources as Orville, which would appear to be a more conventional spelling, but Wikipedia has it listed as Orval.

      ** Author personally knew Mr. Wilson, who was a prominent realtor/insurance man and political leader in Jasper County. To my knowledge, this would have been an honorary title assigned by the  historical group, as he was not in active military or guards that I recall.  My guess is that it was similar in some regards to the Kentucky honorary title of Colonel, or of the practice of calling auctioneers "Colonel" as an honorary title.

       # This was Saugee's own claim. Apparently the Bureau of Indian Affairs did not recognize his claim to being a Chief of the Cherokee Tribe.  McGowan, President of the Provisional Government of McDonald Territory did recognize his authority.  His name is also found in some contemporary sources spelled as Suagee.

 

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This page last updated 12 April 2012

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