Radio Programming

This page will help you with the programming with analog and digital radios. This page is only a guide, all radios are made differently and you should consult your manual with detailed instructions.

The first half of the page will deal with analog radio and the second half will deal with digital (DMR) radio. Each radio can be programmed keyboard direct (enter programming information from keyboard) or you can use what is called a Customer Programming Software, most commonly known as CPS.Most DMR radios can be used in cross mode. Many hams have their CPS's on their main computer (in their shack) and on a laptop or tablet so they can quickly program it (the radio) in the field. I recommend keeping a CPS on a shack PC and also a laptop and / or tablet for field operations.

Most radios now can be programmed by blue tooth by simply getting a dongle to plug into your radio like you do with the programming cable, and connect that with your PC or phone. Using the phone in the field is the newest way so you don't have to carry around a laptop.

One of the main CPS for analog radio is a program called CHIRP. It will work with a number of radios, you can see if your radio is compatible with CHIRP here.Some radios use a different driver then your radio. You might see use XXXX, where XXXX is the other driver.

Chirp can be used on a Windows, Mac OS or a Linux system.

You can get CHIRP by getting the CHIRP-next or the CHIRP-legacy version.

To download CHIRP, select your system by choosing the correct icon. PLEASE NOTE: The download may not be the current download, but you be prompted to upgrade when starting CHIRP.

Not all radios are compatible with CHIRP and sometimes you will need to use a different driver withing CHIRP for your radio due to that at the time CHIRP doesn't have a driver for your radio.
at times, if CHIRP does not have a driver, you will need to use the driver or look for the driver for your radio, usually on the manufacturers website.

Here is a screen shot of CHIRP:
CHIRP Screenshot

While using CHIRP, you can program your radio in one of two ways:

You can select the repeaters from: Radio > Query Source > RepeaterBook inside CHIRP and let CHIRP enter the required information needed.

You can also enter the information, which is the frequency, PL tone and offset yourself.

You should let the software put in all the required information. This will prevent any mistypes that will prevent you from accessing a repeater.

If you are putting in a simplex frequency, you do not need a DCS / CTCSS or PL tone and offset. The only time you may want to use a DCS or CTCSS tone is to siklence your radios so you don't hear other chatter on the frequency you are using.

Sites you may use to get frequencies are:

I can't guarantee that any or all will work in your area, but querying from RepeaterBook is your best bet. CHIRP is usually updated each day. When you start CHIRP, it will tell you if there is a update, and if so, it will ask you if you want to update. This is totally up to you to update at this time, but I do recommend you to update CHIRP at every now and then due to new drivers and radios being added.

It is always a good practice before you program your radio is to upload the radio to your computer and save that file so you can use it to reset your radio in case your radio stops working.

This next section is going to talk about programming your analog radio for SIMPLEX and REPEATER use. Simplex means just that, you use one frequency for your TX and RX. Just think of it as a party line, if I had a party line or extension telephone, and picked it up while others where talking, I could hear what is being said. A repeater works in much the same way, but you need to do a little more work to access the repeater. A repeater uses what is called a PL tone also called CTCSS or DCS tones. A repeater normally uses two frequencies, one you TRANSMIT to the repeater with, and another that the repeater transmits on and you LISTEN to the repeater to. Below I will show what you might see on repeaterbook .com. You results will differ from mine since I used my area.

Below is the first screen is where you select the country you want to search. This is where you select the country for which you want to search for repeaters from.

This is the next image you see after selecting the country, (This image will vary depending on the country you selected. This is the image for the US.). Here is where you select the state where you want to search for repeaters. You may be directed to the second image automatically, if you do not see this, and want to search different countries, you may goto here.

Here is where you will select the band / mode for which you want to search. This shows all the bands, modes, linked and emergency repeaters that may be in the area. Also on this page, if you scroll down, you can see any repeaters that may be around highways in that state. Also, you can search for repeaters by directly clicking on a city / town name or the county.

This next page shows all the frequencies for the band / mode you selected. It will also tell you if the repeater is OPEN or CLOSED, the mode(s) the repeater is capable of and the status of the repeater.

After you select a frequency (which is clickable), then you get the repeater information whinch includes the downlink, uplink frequencices, tone(s) (CTCSS or DCS), city, county, call sign of repeater and other info for the repeater.

There is another radio service called GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) that use the same methods as amateur radio. You can also find GMRS reperaters on RepeaterBook and on MyGMRS.com. You will program your radio as if programming a ham radio.

You will use CTCSS or DCS tones for analog radios only. Digital radios use what is called Color Codes, (numbered from 0 - 15). Color Codes are basically the same as CTCSS or DCS. Most radios let you enter a CTCSS or DCS directly, but you may have to enter the number.
The CTCCS chart is on top and the DCS chart is on the bottom. Just click the one you wish to expand.


	CTCSS Tone Chart			DCS Tone Chart

Back To Repeater Book

Before you do anything in the digital world, you will need to get a DMR ID. This DMR ID can be use for all you DMR radios or if you want, you can get multiple ones for each radio.
Also, if you bought a radio off someone else, or are selling a radio, make sure theirs / your DMR ID is not on the radio. ALWAYS use your DMR ID.

After you download your CPS for your radio and get your DMR ID, you will need to do the following:

Before you do ANYTHING Read from the radio and save the file. Do this in case anything goes wrong with the radio you be able to put it back to factory settings.
Program the Talk Groups (usually labeled as TG).
Program what you entered into the CHANNELS area.
PUT THOSE CHANNELS in a zone.
ALWAYS save you code plug (To re-read to radio if you need to reset).
If you need to reprogram anything ALWAYS read the code plug into the radio to get any settings you might have got erased.
You may download sample code plugs on the download page.

You can find your CPS as I said on the manufacturers or site you bought your radio. If you cannot get it there, usually a simple Google search with make and model number should yield results.

The main things you need to set in in your CPS before programming is:

Your DMR ID	Found under Digital Radio ID List
Talk Groups	Found under Public > Talk Groups
Channels	Found under > Public > Channels
Zone	Found under > Public > Zone
APRS (If using)	See APRS Set Up and your manual

On DMR, most radio will let you download into them a 'digital contact list'. This will show the user, his/her call sign and their location where they are from. You can down load the Excel version. Please Note: There are new ID's being added each day so these files are not up to date. To get the up to date version, got to RADIOID.net. Most radios will take the whole file since they have a extensive memory, but with a spread sheet editor, you can add / delete or even change the entries.

Here are what some major CPS screens should look like. They may differ because of manufacturer and/or you CPS version. These are the main screens you need to work with. These are screen shots of my CPS,
your screens may differ depending on the make / manufacturer.


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In DMR you have their version of CTCSS or DCS. It is called COLOR CODES. It is not a actual color, it is a number from 0 to 15, this acts just like in a analog system. all DMR repeaters, hotspots will utilize this. What I am doing on my hotspots, is using the highest CC there is. The reason is the frequency I am using, just in case I go somewhere that the same frequency is being used by another repeater, either the repeater is not interfering with me or vise versa.
Not many time will use see a high CC being used.

If you programmed your radio and hotspot correctly, everything should look like this.
PLEASE NOTE:You will not have any talk groups on until you TX or key up a talk group.

You can also send text messages from your radio. You will need to add talkgroup 310999 as a private call, this is for the United States only. Watch the video to the right for more information on SMS messaging and setup.

This is for the Anytone 878, but should work for all models / makes of radios.

If you find out this doesn't work for you radio / model. please consult your user manual and kindly send me a email, and I will try to help you.

When programming talk groups into your radio, you may program different modes also. Each mode you must program a prefix, except DMR going into BrandMeister. This prefix will tell the hot spot where to send and receive the traffic to and from.
You can get a listing of the prefixes here.

When programming your radio, you program it like if you are programming a analog radio. The only change is, except of putting in a PL (or sometimes called CTCSS) or DCS tone, you will be using a Color Code, or sometimes known as a CC.
When looking up a repeater on RepeaterBook, you use the same methods as described in programming a analog repeater.

When you are programming your radio and your hot spot, it is a good idea to use a high CC number in case you are in a big city or there are a lot of repeaters around so you, and they, dont interfere with each other.
You can do what is also called cross mode with your hotspot.

If you have a DMR radio you can cross mode to:

TGIF
DMR+
DMR2YSF
DMR2NXDN

If you have a YSF radio you can cross mode to:

YSF2DMR
YSF2NXDN
YSF2P25

Cross mode is when you use your radio, weither it is DMR, YSF, NXDN and go onto another network. This does require a little more programming, which is usally just a prefix in front of the talk group to tell the hotspot where to go throught the internet.

On the RadioID page, under Database > Data Dumps, you have a dropdown where you can get all types of files. the one file you want to get is the user.csv file. This file has all the users with DMR ID's. Depending on your radio, you may or may not get all of them in the radio. I will talk more about this on the here.

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