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Antennas
HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout Results:
Vertical Horizontal Notes Equipment People
On 21 October 2001, a group of HFpack members met for a new type of antenna shootout at USA's west coast ham convention "Pacificon". The objective of this shootout was to test the efficiency of pedestrian antennas on the popular 14MHz ham band--- antennas which can be easily carried around by the operator. The results of the shootout between a variety of self-supporting antennas, both commercial and homebrew, are presented here as a service to radio operators around the world interested in furthering the state-of-the-art of HF portable.
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Reference Vertical Element drawing
KA5S Backpack Loop
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Shootout group preparing to setup for another antenna
W3FF Buddipole
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KQ6XA test receiver
KA5S working 30m CW inside Pacificon building
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Preparing the test fixture for the KA5DVS whip
Changing from the PAC-12M to the MP-2
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to view full size
W6ZO and his portable delta loop
Test transmitter in Communications Outfitters Expedition Pack and a table full of pedestrian gear ready for shootout.
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Test receiver measurements, vertical polarization
Test receive antenna vertical
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Test receiver site with antenna in horizontal polarization
Test receiver measurement witnessing
Sample HFpack Shootout Logsheet in progress
W3FF preparing his Buddipole
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Parking lot action among the contenders
W3FF working Korea from the parking lot
KQ6XA Delta Dipole
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HFpack
Results of the
HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout 2001
20 meters
Vertical Polarization
Antenna dB 
+/-Ref
Feed
Point
Height
Feet
Description
Reference Vertical Element   0.00  8 Reference Vertical Element on Standard Feedpoint and Support Fixture.*
Total Vertical Element Length: 16feet 9inch.
[Note#1]
KA5DVS
"PAC-12M"
 -1.76  8 Homebrew, multiband center loaded band-tapped coil collapsible tip-tunable whip. Breaks down to 12 inch sections.
Total Length: 105 inch.
photo
info
SuperAntennas
MP-1
 -1.88  8 Commercial product, sliding sleeve continuously tunable "manual screwdriver" pedestrian/ portable/ mobile telescopic whip.
Total Length: 68 inch.
info
KA5DVS
"PAC-12"
 -1.88  8 Homebrew, single band center coil loaded tip-tunable collapsible whip. Breaks down to 12 inch sections.
Total Length: 108 inch.
photo
SuperAntennas
MP-2
 -1.94  8 Commercial product, continuously tunable mini- motorized screwdriver pedestrian/ portable/ mobile telescopic whip.
Total Length: 77 inch.
info
Webster
Short Bandspanner
 -3.92  8 Commercial product (not in production), tip tunable, mobile-style whip. Total Length: 60 inch.
info
Diamond
Model RHM5
 -3.95  8 Commercial product, center coil loaded band-tapped, tip tunable, pedestrian/ portable/ mobile whip. Total Length: 53 inch.
info
Waters & Stanton
ATX Walkabout
 -4.61  8 Commercial product, coil loaded, band-tapped, tip tunable, pedestrian/ portable telescopic whip. Total Length: 63 inch.
info
KA5S
Backpack Delta Loop
 -4.82  5 Homebrew, narrow-angle backpack-mounted, collapsible, shortened, wire pedestrian/ portable delta loop fed at bottom apex direct to LDG portable autotuner in pack. Fiber pole spreader Length: 12 feet.[Note#2]
photo
Outbacker
Tri-Split
 -5.03  8 Commercial product, coil loaded, band-tapped, tip tunable, portable/ mobile-style whip. Total Length xx inch.
info
Outbacker
Joey
 -5.12  8 Commercial product, coil loaded, band-tapped, tip tunable, pedestrian/ portable whip. Total Length 48 inch.
info
Miracle Antenna
Miracle Whip
 -10.48  8 Commercial product, base loaded tapped-L network, knob tunable, pedestrian/ portable telescopic whip. Total Length 49 inch.
info
W6ZO
Portable Delta Loop
 -10.78  3 Homebrew, wide-angle table-mounted, full-wave, portable collapsible packable wire delta loop fed at bottom apex directly. Fiber pole spreader Length: 20 feet. [Note#3]
photo
info
Miracle Antenna
Miracle Whip
[no counterpoise]
 -29.21  8 Commercial product, base loaded tapped-L network, knob tunable, pedestrian/ portable telescopic whip. Tested without counterpoise connection. Total Length 49 inch. [Note#4]
info


Results of the
HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout 2001
20 meters
Horizontal Polarization
Antenna dB 
+/-Ref
Feed
Point
Height
Feet
Description
Reference Horizontal Element   0.00 16 Reference Horizontal Element on Standard Feedpoint and Support Fixture.
Total Horizontal Element Length: 33feet 6inch. [Note#5]
W6ZO
Portable Delta Loop
 +1.02  3 Homebrew, wide-angle table-mounted, full-wave, portable collapsible packable wire delta loop fed at bottom apex directly. Fiber pole spreader Length: 20 feet. [Note#3]
photo
info
W3FF
Buddipole
 -0.77 16 Homebrew, hand-held pole-mounted, collapsible, "walking portable" / pedestrian, band changeable coil-loaded, telescopic tip-tunable dipole. Total Length: 15 feet.
photo
info
KA5S
Backpack Delta Loop
 -1.47  5 Homebrew, narrow-angle backpack-mounted, collapsible, shortened, pedestrian and portable wire delta loop fed at bottom apex direct to LDG portable autotuner in pack. Fiber pole spreader Length: 12 feet. [Note#2]
photo
KQ6XA
Delta Dipole
  N/A  7 Homebrew, backpack-mounted, coil-loaded bent dipole, fed at top center.
Fiber pole spreader Length: 8ft. [Note#6]
info
photo


Results of the
HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout 2001
20 meters
Notes
Note* Standard Feedpoint and Support Fixture.

The Standard Feedpoint and Support Fixture, consists of an insulator box mounting flange bracket situated upon an insulator hollow tapered fiber mast at adjustable height. 

The fixture uses a 50 ohm impedance 1:1 balun/unun made from 11 turns of miniature 50 ohm impedance coaxial cable solenoid-wound upon a ferrite stick core. 20 feet of RG-58A coaxial cable connects the Standard Feedpoint Fixture to the Test Transmitter, a Yaesu FT-817, with external 12VDC Gel Battery, with the TX and battery housed in an insulated backpack and placed upon a wooden table adjacent to the support mast. The antenna side of the transmission line balun connects via BNC connectors to interchangeable adaptors for PL-259, SO-239, or 3/8-24 stud terminals to mate with the various Antennas Under Test.

Note#1 Reference Vertical Element.

For vertical polarization tests, the Standard Feedpoint Fixture is set to a height of 8 feet unless noted otherwise.

The upper element wire, a #14AWG stranded tinned copper wire 16feet 9inches in length is supported vertically upward from the Standard Feedpoint Fixture by an insulator hollow fiber tapered pole. 

The lower element wire, also #14AWG stranded tinned copper wire 16 feet 9 inches in length, is supported from the Standard Feedpoint Fixture, and this wire slopes down towards the receiver site, ending at a height of 2 feet and supported by nylon cord.  The combination of these two wires forms a dipole-like radiating element with a substantially vertically polarized wavefront in the direction of the test receiver antenna site. 

The lower element wire of the Reference Vertical dipole is maintained throughout all vertical whip testing as the sole "counterpoise" or "ground radial" element for the whip antennas to "work against". All Antennas Under Test utilize the lower element wire as a reference plane or "counterpoise" unless otherwise noted.

The Reference Vertical Element used for the purpose of this event can be considered practically to have substantially no positive gain over a theoretical dipole in free space, and all Antennas Under Test in the shootout measured in the Vertical Polarization are simply referenced in decibels with respect to the Reference Vertical Element, with no calibration made to a theoretical dipole or isotropic radiator in free space. Therefore, the decibel measurements reported in this chart are advisably utilized for comparison only among the antennas within each chart itself either for vertical or horizontal polarization. Due to the unique nature of a particular antenna range, attempts to draw conclusions of comparison, relative measurements, or decibel gain/loss claims of other antennas not measured as part of this shootout with the measurements presented in these charts may result in significant error due to uncorrelated variables.

Note#2 KA5S Backpack Delta Loop.

This antenna was measured in both the vertical and horizontal shootouts by request of the entrant. Due to the approximately 3/4wave of wire on 20m and the short loop's narrow vertical angle of the support spreaders, it exhibits significant vertically polarized radiation, even though it is fed from the bottom apex. The antenna represents a novel and viable approach to the problem of pedestrian mobile hands-free operation by mounting it on a packframe.

Note#3 W6ZO Portable Delta Loop.

This antenna was measured in both the vertical and horizontal shootouts by request of the entrant. However, the antenna is primarily horizontally polarized. It is the only antenna which showed positive gain above the Horizontal Reference Element and a 45dB front-to-side ratio. Packable and very lightweight when collapsed, it is a huge full-size fullwave wire antenna which exhibits significant low angle efficiency even when the feedpoint is mounted very close to ground level, thus requiring no separate support. The base/feedpoint of the antenna was clamped to the wooden test table for the shootout testing. The design was not intended for active use while in motion as a Pedestrian Mobile antenna.

Note#4 Miracle Antenna Miracle Whip [no counterpoise].

This antenna was measured both "with and without the counterpoise" by request of the manufacturer. A novel departure from the more conventional solenoid coil design, this antenna system utilizes a knob to adjust a tapped toroidal variable L network for resonating and matching the base of the telescopic whip. Although measured performance without the counterpoise was down about 19dB below its performance with the counterpoise, a low SWR match was easily achieved without the counterpoise connected, while relying only upon only the stray high impedance coupling across the windings of the Standard Feedpoint Fixture's 1:1 balun to the coaxial feedline to provide a reference plane.

Note#5 Reference Horizontal Element.

For horizontal polarization tests, the Standard Feedpoint Fixture is set to a height of 16 feet unless noted otherwise.

Two element wires, the same ones used for the Reference Vertical Element, each made of  #14AWG stranded tinned copper wire 16feet 9inches in length are supported horizontally parallel to the ground in opposite directions from the Standard Feedpoint Fixture by insulator hollow fiber tapered poles. Some sag at the ends of the poles is noticed. The Reference Horizontal Element is rotated and fixed physically broadside to the direction of the receiving antenna site.

The combination of these two wires forms a dipole-like radiating element with a total length of 33 feet 6 inches with a substantially horizontally polarized wavefront in the direction of the test receiver antenna site. 

After reference measurements are made on the Reference Horizontal Element, it is removed from the fixture. All Antennas Under Test then utilize the same feedpoint fixture and feedline and are rotated to the field strength maxima.

The Reference Horizontal Element used for the purpose of this event can be considered practically to have substantially no positive gain over a theoretical dipole in free space, and all Antennas Under Test in the shootout measured in the Horizontal Polarization are simply referenced in decibels to the Reference Horizontal Element, with no calibration made to a theoretical dipole or isotropic radiator in free space. Therefore, the decibel measurements reported in this chart are advisably utilized for comparison only among the antennas within each chart itself either for vertical or horizontal polarization. Due to the unique nature of a particular antenna range, attempts to draw conclusions of comparison, relative measurements, or decibel gain/loss claims of other antennas not measured as part of this shootout with the measurements presented in these charts may result in significant error due to uncorrelated variables.

Note#6 KQ6XA Delta Dipole

This antenna was measured, tested favorably compared to the reference, and independently verified. The decibel results are not reported because the entrant is an organizer of the event and this website. Fairness is important.



HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout 2001
20 meters
Test Equipment and Test Range
Test Receiver Hewlett Packard spectrum analyzer Model 8591E. Digital readout measurement in 0.01decibel increments. Center Frequency 14107kHz, 1kHz resolution bandwidth, 1kHz video bandwidth, 10kHz sweep. Test Transmitter is keyed, then repetitive sweeps are initiated using peak hold for 15 seconds, then frozen, then marker peak search function is used to obtain digital readout of measurement. After measurement is frozen, Test Transmitter is unkeyed. A signal from the Reference Element is received in the range of -10 to +5dBm, and noise floor of lower than -70dBm within the measurement band is noted. Power for the analyzer is supplied by 110VAC mains using approximately 150ft of extension cord along the ground from an adjacent building.
Test Transmitter Yaesu FT-817 transceiver, 5 Watts output on 14107kHz CW, powered by an external 12V gel battery pack, isolated and insulated, packaged and operational in a Communication Outfitters Expedition Pack backpack placed on a wooden table adjacent to the support mast for the Antenna Under Test. The BNC output of the transceiver is used with a 20 feet long RG-58A coaxial cable connected to the BNC connector of the Standard Feedpoint Fixture balun/unun. Unused coaxial cable is coiled adjacent to the transceiver and secured with gaffers tape.
Test Receiver Antenna Loaded dipole consisting of two Pro-Am 20m monoband whips with a 1:1 balun at the feedpoint. Supported by a segmented pole adjacent to the Test Receiver at a feedpoint height of 16 feet. Insulator strut utilized to keep lower whip fixed and bent away from support pole when in vertical polarization configuration. Polarization changed from vertical to horizontal by physically moving the dipole bracket 90 degrees on the top of the pole to orient the antenna. Horizontal azimuth rotation arranged to broadside with the Test Transmitter site.
Test Range Approximately 80 meters distance between Test Receiver Antenna and Test Transmitter Antenna. Approximately equivalent to 4 wavelengths at the test frequency 14107kHz. Flat grassy area with some adjacent trees. Soil conductivity unknown. Suburban semi-industrial area. Three nearby wooden flagpoles. Location: at Pacificon ham convention in Concord California USA. Participants maintained control of placement of nearby people, adjacent antennas and metallic objects during tests. Several times, measurements had to be delayed due to passing vehicles or antennas being accidentally deployed above ground level in the nearby antenna preparation area.
Overall Accuracy Overall uncertainty of measurements is guestimated at +/-0.3dB (about one-third of a decibel). No specifications or guarantees for overall accuracy are presented. However, it is believed that all measurements were performed on an equal and fair basis, and therefore this shootout provides a worthwhile comparison for determining radiation efficiency at low elevation angles among antennas in the same class. Minor fluctuations in the test range due to the presence of people and objects in the vicinity of the shootout may have contributed to a small degree of fluctuation, but all measurements were taken over 15 seconds to provide some immunity to such random influences, and careful management of near field objects was maintained. All of the antennas in the test were tuned carefully to the lowest SWR obtainable at the test frequency. Some antennas exhibited a 1:1 SWR, while others exhibited a 1.5:1 SWR or less (due to impedance matching at 50ohms).



HFpack Pedestrian Antenna Shootout 2001
HFpack thanks the following
People
for volunteering their time and efforts:
Test Engineers Don W6ZO
Bonnie KQ6XA
Official Witnesses Ed N5EM
Cortland KA5S
Harry W6DXO
Participants Budd W3FF
Verne W6MMA
James KA5DVS
Rich NF7D
Steve N6VL
and others... 
[please contact us if you should be listed here]
Witnesses Many HFpackers and other ham operators attending Pacificon
Gear Provider Greg N6RDE of "Communications Outfitters" provided the excellent Communications Outfitters Expedition Pack unit used for the shootout test transmitter, accessories and battery pack.
Photos Cortland KA5S
Ed N5EM
James KA5DVS
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