# Frequently Asked Questions about YAAC

1. Why won't YAAC start when I click on it?
2. What kind of maps can I use in YAAC?
3. Why can't I use Google Maps in YAAC?
4. Why don't I see any maps in YAAC?
5. Why does it take so long to install maps?
6. Why does my map suddenly jump to somewhere else without me doing anything?
7. Why is there a big yellow circle on my map around my station?
8. Why has my whole map turned dark gray?
9. Why does my old TNC stop working all of a sudden?
10. Why can't my Linux system open the serial port to my TNC/weather station/GPS?
11. Why doesn't YAAC understand my GPS receiver?
12. Why doesn't the wizard and configuration dialog detect my AGWPE server?
13. Why can't YAAC transmit to the Internet or function as an I-Gate?
14. Why isn't YAAC working as a digipeater?
15. Why aren't my beacons being transmitted?
16. Why isn't my station's time since transmission resetting when I send packets?
17. Why are stations and objects disappearing off my screen?
18. How do I find a particular station on my map?
19. I heard messages from station "X"; why isn't he on my map?
20. Why am I seeing "Reaching heap limit" errors?

### Why won't YAAC start when I click on it?

There are several reasons why YAAC may not start on a particular computer

1. The Java Runtime Environment hasn't been installed, or is of too old a version (older than Java 6) to support YAAC.
2. There is not enough virtual memory left unused on the computer to support running YAAC.

### What kind of maps can I use in YAAC?

The types of maps supported by YAAC are both vector and raster maps.

The OpenStreetMap data is vector-based, and can be zoomed to any arbitrary level and seen just as clearly, because it will be redrawn from scratch at the current zoom level to look good. Also, YAAC is smart enough to leave out extremely fine details when zoomed out to cover a large area, and reintroduce those fine details as the map is zoomed in enough to distinguish those elements.

The U.S. Geological Survey's Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data is raster data; as you zoom in, it will start to appear "chunky" as the size of a single piece of map data becomes a noticeable part of the screen area. Similarly, other raster maps like the US National Weather Service radar map and arbitrary raster overlays will also become "chunky" when zoomed in closely.

### Why can't I use Google Maps in YAAC?

YAAC has been deliberately designed not to depend on any Internet-based map server as a primary map data source. It is intended to be usable in situations where the Internet is not accessible (such as emergency conditions), and therefore only uses mapping capabilities that are self-contained within the computer running YAAC. Even the weather radar map capability stores the current weather map on the local computer for rendering (and will simply not display the weather map if it cannot be downloaded).

### Why don't I see any maps in YAAC?

You may not have installed any OpenStreetMap or SRTM data on your computer. Download and import OpenStreetMap data, or copy pre-processed tiles from the YAAC author's website, or download SRTM terrain data from the U.S. Geological Survey.

You may have misconfigured the directory for the map tiles to point to a place where no map tiles exist.

You may not have map tiles for the area of the Earth currently being viewed in the YAAC map window (for example, there are no streets in the middle of the ocean).

YAAC may have added support for new OpenStreetMap features to the map data provided on the YAAC author's website, but you are still running an old version of YAAC that does not support those new features. You will need to upgrade your version of YAAC.

You may have turned off displaying geographical maps in the View->View Map Layers->Select Geographical Map Layers dialog.

### Why does it take so long to install maps?

OpenStreetMap data is enormous, since it provides street-level map data for the entire planet. As such, it takes time to analyze all that data and convert it into efficient map tiles.

However, YAAC's author has already converted the current OpenStreetMap data into YAAC tiles and has made it available for download from the File->OpenStreetMap->Download Precompiled Tiles menu choice, which is significantly faster than downloading the original compressed XML file and doesn't require any later processing because it has already been processed. So, unless you need OpenStreetMap data that is more recent than what the author has provided, or for some reason have to use an old version of YAAC that does not support current tile formats, we recommend you just download copies of his tiles.

The U.S. Geological Survey has "throttled" their website to protect against Denial Of Service attacks. As such, YAAC must download their SRTM files one at a time to prevent being blocked as an attacker.

### Why does my map suddenly jump to somewhere else without me doing anything?

To help in detecting emergency situations, when YAAC detects a station reporting emergency status, it will automatically pan the map to center on the reporting station and briefly display flashing red arrows pointing at the station. This will happen whenever a station is reporting emergency status in one of three ways:

1. transmitting Mic-E format position reports with the status code for emergency.
2. transmitting any APRS message with the literal text "EMERGENCY" (without the quote marks) in the free-text comment.
3. transmitting OpenTRAC protocol messages with the Emergency field in them.

Note that this may cause some false alarms, as some stations are reporting that they are located at an EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER or EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES, when they are not actually at emergency status. As such, please do not use that word in your comments or select Mic-E emergency status unless you really mean you have an immediate emergency regarding life or property that needs someone else to respond to it.

### Why is there a big yellow circle on my map around my station?

This big yellow circle identifies your Aloha range, which is the maximum range your station can be digipeated over RF without saturating the RF channel. It is a function of the station density (number of transmitting APRS stations) in your local vicinity on the same channel, and the number of other objects and items reported in your area on that channel. The Aloha range is drawn as a dashed yellow circle if your station has not heard enough other stations and objects to estimate the Aloha limit, or a solid circle at the Aloha limit. The Aloha limit is an approximation, based on assumptions about typical transmission rates for different types of stations, and assuming equal omnidirectional propagation; it does not use terrain data or actual transmission rates to adjust the calculated range.

For further information, consult WB4APR's discussion on the subject at http://aprs.org/aloha.html.

### Why has my whole map turned dark gray?

One of the optional parts of the map display is the ambiguity circles. These plot the area a station could be in, given the possibly coarsened resolution of its position information. Although YAAC does not support reducing precision of its reported position, other APRS applications do support dropping the finest resolution digits of the position data. If you select the View->View Maps Layers...->Show Ambiguity option, these circles will be displayed as translucent ovals in the most common color of the icon image for the station.

The problem occurs when dead-reckoning is also enabled, and a rapidly moving mobile station shuts down without transmitting a final position with zero speed. The ambiguity circle is automatically enlarged to account for the last reported speed of motion, since YAAC will not know the actual current position of the mobile station until it beacons again. As such, the ambiguity circle for the station will continue to grow until the dead-reckoning timeout. Since airplane icons are in dark gray, and the car icon is outlined in black, both can cause gray circles to grow to cover the screen if YAAC loses reception of the beacons while the other stations are still moving rapidly.

### Why does my old TNC stop working all of a sudden?

There are several possibilities for this.

- Some TNCs that support both command mode and KISS mode do not remember or persist their mode setting. If the power to the TNC glitches, or the TNC reboots for some other reason, it may switch back to command mode, which is not supported by YAAC. YAAC will eventually detect that data is coming from the TNC in the wrong mode (assuming the TNC is still receiving traffic), and will attempt to switch the TNC to KISS mode again (assuming that YAAC was configured to automatically switch the TNC from command mode to KISS mode to begin with).
- Some TNCs cannot handle high data rates from YAAC, and will crash if you send traffic from YAAC faster than the TNC can handle it.
- Some TNCs (including Kenwood transceivers with built-in TNCs) require hardware flow control to be enabled on the RS232 serial port used to communicate with the transceiver. Ensure that your computer serial port supports modem control signals (some USB-RS232 adapters do not), you have a RS232C serial cable with more wires than just signal ground, TxD, and RxD, and that you have selected hardware flow control in YAAC.
- Or it might be something the YAAC author does not know about. Contact your TNC manufacturer for further support.

### Why can't my Linux system open the serial port to my TNC/weather station/GPS?

Linux has detailed access control to prevent random users from accessing physical hardware devices and possibly interfering with proper system usage. As such, the account you are using to run YAAC must be authorized read/write access to the serial port devices (`/dev/ttyXXXX` files) before YAAC can open the devices. Typically, this requires that your account be a member of the Unix group that owns the serial port devices (usually called "dialout", "tty", or "uucp"), and also of the group that has write access to the system lock directory (/var/lock on most distros, usually owned by group "lock"). Have your system administrator grant your account memberships in those groups, and the problem should go away. The typical administrative command to do this is (must be done as root): `usermod -G tty,lock -a yourusername`

Note you may have to log out and log back in again for the new group memberships to take effect.

Another possible cause of the problem is running YAAC on a non-Intel-CPU computer. The RXTX library used by YAAC to access serial port devices requires native machine code, and YAAC only ships with the RXTX code for a few operating systems on Intel CPUs. For other CPUs (such as the ARM processor in the Raspberry Pi computer), you will need to manually install your operating system distro's version of RXTX. On the Pi, the command would be

`sudo apt-get install librxtx-java`

For other operating systems, the installation command may be different, or you may have to download the RXTX source code, and compile and install RXTX yourself; consult your operating system's documentation.

### Why doesn't YAAC understand my GPS receiver?

There are several reasons why YAAC is receiving garbled data from your GPS receiver instead of proper NMEA-0183 sentences:

- You have the baud rate set incorrectly. Although most GPS receivers default to 4800 baud, some use other baud rates (usually faster so that more information can be sent to the computer). Check that the baud rate is correct for your GPS receiver.
- The GPS receiver is using its manufacturer's proprietary binary protocol instead of NMEA-0183 ASCII protocol. Rockwell and SiRF are among the manufacturers who have custom binary protocols providing more features than NMEA-0183, but YAAC does not support any of these protocols. YAAC does know enough to issue the SiRF binary protocol command to switch back to NMEA-0183 protocol.
- If you are on a Linux or Unix system, you may have the gpsd daemon installed. If so, the gpsd software generally starts up at system boot time and grabs ownership of all connected GPS and other types of navigation receivers. It does not lock the serial port device file, nor does it honor locks placed by other software (such as YAAC); hence GPSD and YAAC will alternately grab characters from the GPS serial port, leaving each with only partial data. There are two solutions for this:
  1. Uninstall GPSD. This prevents it from automatically grabbing control of GPS receivers, but also eliminates the ability to share GPS receivers between YAAC and other applications.
  2. Stop using the Serial_GPS driver in YAAC and access the GPS receiver through the GPSD driver instead, taking advantage of GPSD instead of fighting with it.

### Why doesn't the wizard and configuration dialog detect my AGWPE server?

1. The AGWPE server process may not be running; if it isn't alive, YAAC can't communicate with it.
2. The AGWPE server process may be configured to listen for APRS clients on a non-default TCP port number. By default, YAAC expects to see AGWPE running on TCP port 8000, but expert-mode configuration can change the AGWPE port number.

### Why can't YAAC transmit to the Internet or function as an I-Gate?

It can. To access the APRS-IS backbone, you need to open a port of type APRS-IS, get a valid passcode for your callsign (contact the YAAC author), and enable the port for transmission.

An I-Gate is a digipeating station that relays APRS packets between the APRS-IS backbone and local RF. As such, it needs both a transmit-enabled APRS-IS port to connect to the backbone, and an RF port (Serial_TNC or AGWPE) with a radio to be able to hear and transmit to other local RF stations. For more information, read this tutorial on YAAC I-gating.

### Why isn't YAAC working as a digipeater?

There are four pre-requisites that have to be configured correctly before YAAC can function as a digipeater:

1. On the Digipeat tab of the expert-mode Configure dialog, confirm that the aliases you wish to digipeat for are present (i.e., recognized by YAAC) and their enable checkbox is checked. This is the global control for those digipeat aliases.
2. On the Ports tab of the Configure dialog, you actually have some ports that support RF, such as the Serial_TNC or AGWPE types, and such ports are enabled.
3. On those ports, in the individual port configuration editing dialog (as launched by the Edit button on the Ports tab, or by clicking the blinkenlight for the port on the map toolbar), the port is enabled for transmission.
4. Also on those ports, the desired digipeat aliases appear in the "Digipeats for port" list, and have their checkbox checked (enabling the alias for that specific alias on this specific port).

Also, is your radio correctly connected to the TNC or sound card (as appropriate)? YAAC can send frames to the TNC all it wants, but if the TNC can't push the radio's Push-To-Talk switch, it will never transmit.

### Why aren't my beacons being transmitted?

You may not have specified your callsign for the beacon.

You may not have enabled beaconing (the Enabled checkbox on the Beacon tab of the expert-mode configuration dialog).

You may have specified GPS-based beaconing, and there isn't a GPS receiver port defined, or the GPS receiver is not currently producing a valid position fix.

You may not have enabled any TNC or APRS-IS ports for transmitting.

### Why isn't my station's time since transmission resetting when I send packets?

The age displayed below the callsign for each station on the map, and in the Station/Object view, is not the time since the station last transmitted a message; it is the time since YAAC last received a message from that station or about that object/item. As such, you will not see an age (or it will not reset to zero) if you are not receiving messages from that station. That includes your own station; if you are not hearing RF digipeaters echoing your station's packets, you will not see an age reset to zero (i.e., you just heard something). Note you will never hear your own station through your own APRS-IS connection.

### Why are stations and objects disappearing off my screen?

Either you have changed filter options to stop showing those stations, or the station/object information has exceeded the configured maximum age before the station is discarded. See the Miscellaneous tab in the Edit Filter dialog or the General tab in the expert-mode Configuration dialog to change the expiration time.

### How do I find a particular station or object on my map?

Click the Locate menu and select "Station or Object". You can enter the callsign, or select it from the drop-down in the displayed dialog box. Then click OK and the map will center on the location of the station (or former location for expired data) and flashing green arrows will highlight the station's most recent location (if it exists).

You can also double-click the mouse on the station or object's row in the Station Status or Object Status tables (as appropriate).

### I heard messages from station "X"; why isn't he on my map?

The station may not have transmitted position information yet. Until it does, the station will be plotted on the map with a "vicinity location", randomly near the first digipeater to hear it. If that digipeater has not provided position information either, the station will be displayed at latitude/longitude (0, 0) (off the western coast of central Africa) until such a time as position information for the station is received. The button will pan the map to (0, 0) so you can see the non-located stations.

### Why am I seeing "Reaching heap limit" errors?

YAAC is running out of available memory to store all its data, and is trying to compensate for the over-demand. This topic gives you several suggestions for dealing with the problem.