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What is HAM Radio ?

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ORganisasi Amatir Radio Indonesia
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Amateur, or "ham," radio, a noncommercial system of communication, is as old as the medium of RADIO itself. The origin of the term ham radio is unknown. Many important communications discoveries have been made by hams. Amateurs, for example, perfected the single sideband (SSB) mode, now widely used by the military, after World War II; in the late 1970s, three hams developed the revolutionary new system of narrow-band voice modulation (NBVM). Both systems offer great improvements over AMPLITUDE MODULATION and FREQUENCY MODULATION for long-distance voice communication and have increased the number of stations that can use a given portion of the radio spectrum.

Ham radio is mainly a hobby to most participants, but amateurs are perhaps best known for the emergency communications they provide during hurricanes, floods, and other disasters until regular communications are restored. Communications are sent primarily by voice or by International MORSE CODE. A number of small communications satellites -- the Oscar series -- are reserved for amateur use. The frequency allocations for amateur radio were first designated by international treaty in 1927 and are shared with other users.

To obtain an operating license, an amateur must pass a written exam in radio regulations and basic radio technology. The ability to use Morse code was once also required of amateurs, but a new class called "codeless technician" was added to the other four existing license classes. The leading organization of amateurs in the United States and Canada, the American Radio Relay League based in Newington, Conn., was founded in 1914 by Hiram Percy MAXIM and Clarence Tuska.   [Stuart F. Crump, Jr.]


Bibliography:
American Radio Relay League, The Radio Amateur's Handbook (annual); Gibilsco, Stan, The Encyclopedia of Amateur Radio (1993); Halprin, R. J., Ham Radio Contesting (1992); Hood, W. E., How to Be a Ham, 3d ed. (1986).


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