From: Jeff Cain ([email protected])
Date: Mon Oct 16 2000 - 13:35:50 PDT
Ed, I know you are familiar with some of the work we are doing here, so see
comments inline.
"Dr. Edward P. Sayre" wrote:
> Folks:
>
> A subtle issue came up in the recent T11 (Fibre Channel) meetings. How do
> you spec an interconnect when adaptive equalization parts will be used to
> dig out the signal?
My preference is frequency domain attenuation (see below)
> If you have really good eye-diagrams response then do
> you need equalization?
No
> Conversely, if you need equalization because of
> excessive deterministic jitter (read that insufficient rise time bandwidth)
> or eye closure (read that too much attenuation) or both, then what
> constitutes an acceptable way to specify the interconnect, be it backplane,
> cable or connector?
If you don't have programmable settings of the equalization levels, then all
the links in a connector/backplane channel would have to be of similar
length/attenuation. My personal preference is to specify the frequency domain
loss characteristics of the cable/connector and then I'll figure out how much
equalization I need to recover the signal.
>
>
> Now, the question of cross talk corruption of the signals is another
> matter, especially when equalization is involved. Cross talk can be of no
> consequence or it can be of terrible consequence, especially if there is a
> requirement for byte (a 4 bit nibble) aligned serial data streams. Our
> work indicates that connector cross talk in differential connectors appears
> to be essentially dV/dt noise due to any asymmetries in the geometry of the
> connector or interconnect (vias count here!). Although small, and
> generally in the (1 - 4%) range, it is obviously a problem when many lines
> are switching and especially if the time alignment is not within a small %
> of the rise time between individual differential components. If the signal
> is broken into its even (common mode) and odd (differential) mode
> components, it can be shown that very soon the common mode cross talk
> dominates the cross talk.
>
> So, when is cross talk an equalization issue from a differential eye
> diagram point of view; and can equalization help from an EMI point of view?
We were able to measure xtalk as a function of frequency for some links (the
transfer function actually) and then 'add' it the transfer function of the
channel. The xtalk shows up as a 'bulge' in the eye. No amount of equalization
(at least for the 2 tap system we are using today) helped lower the size of the
'bulge'.
>
> I look forward to folks' ideas on this matter.
>
> ed sayre
>
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