[SI-LIST] : Differential termination

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From: selvaraj subramanian ([email protected])
Date: Fri Aug 18 2000 - 02:14:58 PDT


Hello,

I have a doubt in differential termination of PECL signals.

First let me explain the scenario. All my questions are for high speed operation.

A PECL driver is driving a PECL receiver. Since the output stage of a PECL is an emitter follower, a pull down resistor(Rpd) is necessary. Assume the characteristic impedance of traces are 50 ohms.

Let me explain different cases

1. I can place the resistor near the driver itself and its value can vary anywhere from 50 ohms to 500 ohms(as per the motorola recommendations). Usually high value of resistor is used to reduce the power dissipation and to get more swing. This is same if the you are treating the signals as single ended or differential. This can be done only if the driver and the receiver are so close. Otherwise, I can use the case 3.

Question: How can I determine the value of pull down resistor?

2. If I place the resistor at the far end(near the receiver), the value of the resistor is made equal to the characteristic impedance of the trace to terminate and this resistor can be connected to ground. If it is connected to ground, the power dissipation will be heavy. So as per the motorola recommendations, I can connect that resistor to Vtt and power dissipation can be reduced. I believe Vtt = Vcc - 2.0V (I don't know how this equation is derived). This is same if the you are treating the signals as single ended or differential

Question: How this equation Vtt = Vcc-2.0V is derived?

3. I can place the pull down resistor near the driver and if the trace between the driver & receiver is more, once again I have to terminate the trace using a 100 ohms resistor across the true and false signals.

All the above cases will work correctly.

But my doubts are..

1. Which termination is better and will provide less power dissipation?

2. Let me change the case 2 for few more questions.

    I can place two 50 ohms in series across the true and false signals. From the middle of two 50 ohms resistor, I can connect an another 50 ohms resistor to ground. This resistor provides the Vtt(1.3V) for LVPECL.

My questions are.

1. What will be the effective termination seen by each trace in this configuration?
2. What will be the effective termination seen by the driver when you are considering them in differential mode?
3. My doubt is whether we have to connect a capacitor in parallel with the third resistor connected to ground for AC coupling?
4. If I connect in this configuration, the current flow through each trace is through two 50 ohms and so I doubt the termination seen by each trace is 100 ohms. So effectively 100 ohms cannot terminate 50 ohms trace. Is this ok?
5. What is the difference in providing a Vtt through the third resistor & providing a Vtt through seperate power supply?

6. What is the difference between Vtt and Vbb(bias expected by the receivers)? Are they both same or not?

Thanks in advance.

regards,
Selva

************************************************************
S. SELVARAJ
Senior Engineer - VLSI/System Design - Global R&D Solutions
Wipro Technologies
"Samrudhi Bhavan"
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Tel: 91-80-5367297/98 Ext:206
Fax: 91-80-5576032
E-mail: [email protected]
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