RE: [SI-LIST] : Diode Modeling

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From: abe riazi ([email protected])
Date: Mon Apr 02 2001 - 10:55:28 PDT


Joel:

Thanks for your response.

I was also informed today that new versions of XTK (for both UNIX and Windows NT platforms) to be released later this month include QSPICE simulation capabilities.

I look forward to utilizing it.

Abe

-----Original Message-----
From: Joel Amzallag [SMTP:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, April 02, 2001 9:37 AM
To: ARiazi
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [SI-LIST] : Diode Modeling

Abe,

The latest version of XTK include a Spice simulator. If you want to avoid
all these translating steps, you could use the Spice models directly within
XTK but it will slow down the simulation speed.

Regards,
-Joel.

At 11:37 AM 3/31/2001 -0800, ARiazi wrote:
>Dear All:
>
>In my recent post, the third paragraph includes:
>
>"IBIS specs [Reference 1] require for the [POWER Clamp] data to be Vcc
>relative, as illustrated by Figure 3 which is a plot of current through D2
>versus Vcc-Vx. A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 reveals a shift of I(D2) from
>the first to the second Cartesian quadrant."
>
>D2 should have been D1.
>
>Also the I-V table of XTK diode example includes typographical error. The
>POINTS should be replaced by POINT as corrected below:
>
>#Schottky diode to 5.0 Volts
>LOADSPEC FAST_SCHOTTKY5
>CEFF: 0
>V-I: 5 POINTS
># Voltage given in Volts, Current in mA
>POINT V: 0 I: 0
>POINT V: 5.0 I: 0.0
>POINT V: 5.5 I: 3.0
>POINT V: 5.6 I: 5.0
>POINT V: 5.75 I: 30.0
>#End of Model
>
>Best Regards,
>
>Abe
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: abe riazi <[email protected]>
>To: <[email protected]>
>Sent: Friday, March 30, 2001 7:35 PM
>Subject: [SI-LIST] : Diode Modeling
>
>
>Dear Scholars:
>
>The diode's PN junction and the base-emitter (or base-collector) junctions
>of bipolar transistors are governed by similar physical laws. Subsequently,
>diode model having numerous applications is regarded as fundamental to
>models of other semiconductor devices. Several stages of creating IBIS,
>SPICE and XTK diode models are described by this message.
>
>IBIS model of a diode can be generated via simulation or measurements.
>Figure 1 is schematic for generating behavioral model of 1N4002 rectifier
>diode by way of simulation. Using PSPICE program, DC sweep was carried out
>from -15 to +15V to cover the (-Vcc to 2Vcc) voltage range recommended by
>IBIS specs.
>
>Figure 2 presents simulation results for diode currents I(D1) and I(D2) as
>function of applied voltage. When generating I-V (or V-T) curves for an
>IBIS datasheet, higher accuracy is achievable by sampling more data points
>in the non-linear regions (such as knee areas ) of the curve as opposed to
>more linear sections . IBIS specs [Reference 1] require for the [POWER
>Clamp] data to be Vcc relative, as illustrated by Figure 3 which is a plot
>of current through D2 versus Vcc-Vx. A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 reveals
>a shift of I(D2) from the first to the second Cartesian quadrant.
>
>A diode IBIS model can be produced by extracting the [POWER Clamp] table
>from I(D1) vs. (Vcc-Vx) of Figure 3, the [GND Clamp] data from I(D2) Vs. Vx
>of Figure 2, incorporating package/pin parasitic values, and inserting the
>necessary keywords [Reference 1] such as [IBIS Ver], [File Name], [File
>Rev], [Component], [Manufacturer], etc.
>
>Regarding procedure for creating SPICE diode macromodels, the major steps
>[Reference 2] include: (i) Inspecting device data sheet for useable
>modeling information. (such as, plots of forward diode current vs. voltage,
>junction capacitance vs. diode voltage, etc.), (ii) conducting I-V and C-V
>measurements to extract remaining parameter values, and (iii) performing
>simulations to optimize model parameters.
>
>The SPICE diode macromodel can contain fourteen parameters: IS (Reverse
>leakage current), RS (Diode series resistance), N (Emission coefficient), BV
>(diode breakdown voltage), IBV (Diode breakdown current), CJO (Zero-bias
>junction capacitance), VJ (Bulk junction potential), FC (Coefficient for
>capacitance), M (Grading coefficient), TT (transit time), EG (Energy
>band-gap), XTI (Temperature coefficient), KF (Flicker-noise coefficient),
>and AF (Flicker-noise exponent)). Each of above parameters has a default
>value assigned by SPICE program; however, it is frequently possible (based
>on application) to produce a sufficiently accurate diode model using just a
>subset of the 14 parameters. For instance, parameters KF, AF, EG and XT1 are
>needed only for AC noise analyses and temperature sweeps; hence, unnecessary
>if the diode model is intended for other types of simulations. As another
>example, SPICE model of a 1N4002 diode suitable for numerous applications
>[Reference 2] includes:
>
>IS = 46.5Pa, RS=123MohmS, N=1.35, CJO=51.5pF, M=0.333, VJ=0.381, FC=0.5,
>TT=5.77uS.
>(with remaining parameters at default values).
>
>It should be added that SPICE model parameters are scalar variables of diode
>equation:
>
>Id = IS * [exp(qVd/Nkt) - 1]
>
>Where Id is diode DC current, q is electron charge, Vd is voltage across
>diode, K is Boltzmann's constant, and t is the diode temperature in degrees
>Kelvin ( IS and N as defined earlier).
>Different forms of above equation exist (some being approximations) for
>describing three regions of diode operation namely: forward conduction,
>reverse conduction before breakdown, and reverse-bias breakdown .
>
>SPICE or IBIS models can not be directly utilized by some simulators. For
>instance, XTK requires that models be in Quad format. A Quad diode model
>can be created from the IBIS version using IBIS2XTK, or written manually.
>A sample is presented:
>
>#Schottky diode to 5.0 Volts
>LOADSPEC FAST_SCHOTTKY5
>CEFF: 0
>V-I: 5 POINTS
># Voltage given in Volts, Current in mA
>POINTS V: 0 I:0
>POINTS V: 5.0 I:0.0
>POINTS V: 5.5 I:3.0
>POINTS V: 5.6 I: 5.0
>POINTS V: 5.75 I: 30.0
>#End of Model
>
>The above discussed models have contained data limited to only one
>simulation corner, whereas a more complete model demands data for three
>(i.e. MIN, TYP and MAX) corners. Simulations results based on TYP models
>are often well suited for purpose of correlation with physical measured
>data. However, Fast and Slow corner runs are also frequently necessary to
>verify a design under all conditions.
>
>A finished model also needs a package/pin parasitic section. Nevertheless,
>a model may lack parasitic portion mainly due to two reasons: (1) the model
>developer leaves it to the user to ascertain what package type and parasitic
>values are applicable, and (2) The model is intended for use at low
>frequencies where parasitics have negligible effects.
>
>In conclusion, several phases of generating IBIS and SPICE diode models were
>explained. A XTK model was also exemplified to emphasize that some
>simulators do not directly employ IBIS or SPICE models and demand
>translation to simulator's native model format. One logical order for diode
>modeling consists of first creating SPICE diode via measurements, then IBIS
>model by means of simulation and finally the Quad version using IBIS2XTK.
>
>REFERNCES:
>1. IBIS (I/O Buffer Information Specification) Version 3.2, August 1999.
>2. R. Kielkowski, "SPICE Practical Device Modeling", McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995.
>
>Your response is highly appreciated.
>
>Respectfully,
>
>Abe Riazi
>ServerWorks
>2251 Lawson Lane
>Santa Clara, CA 95054
>
>
>
>
>
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