                     
                     
                     
                 THE OCTOBER 1993 NEWFOUNDLAND DXPEDITION
      *** Jean Burnell, Mark Connelly, Bruce Conti, Neil Kazaross ***
     
     (Introduction is by Mark Connelly, with quotes from Jean, Bruce,
     and Neil.  Loggings, by all of us, follow the introductory section.)
          
          The success of the November 1991 Newfoundland DXpedition
     inevitably gave rise to thoughts of "Let's do it again !" among 
     the three original participants (Jean, Mark, Neil).  In the two 
     years since that trip, many DXers have expressed an interest in
     participating in a second such effort.  Bruce Conti, a leading 
     DXer in the New England area, got interested enough to commit
     firmly to going when, during the summer of 1993, plans for the
     second trip became formalized.  The planning process was assisted
     greatly by frequent use of E-mail communications.  Once again, 
     Lawlor's Hospitality Home (the "DX Inn") in Cappahayden, NF 
     became the base of operations.  The site, facing the open 
     Atlantic about 100 km south of St. John's, is nearly ideal 
     for serious international medium-wave DXing.  

          The 1993 DXpedition ran from 21 to 25 October and it was, in
     many respects, more successful than its 1991 predecessor.  The
     obvious benchmark - countries logged - shows 92 in 1993 versus 
     65 in 1991.  A number of factors contributed to the improved results. 
     Most important was the addition of a fourth skilled DXer (Bruce) to
     the team.  Band conditions played an important role as well:
     northern paths shut down by aurora in 1991 were alive this time 
     around.  Also helping us were the use of more wires and improved
     noise-reduction and phasing techniques which gave us the ability
     to operate primarily indoors at the "DX Inn".

          A 27-day (one solar cycle) pre-DXpedition propagation analysis,
     based upon actual Trans-Atlantic (TA) receptions from coastal sites
     near Boston, showed very good northern-route reception patterns with
     big signals from Norway - 1314, Sweden - 1179, Denmark - 1062,
     Russia - 1386, and MANY German and UK stations.  This was in high
     contrast to 1991 when both the 27-day pre-DXpedition analysis and
     the DXpedition itself yielded highly-auroral results: Africa and
     South America dominating, and northern Europeans poor.  

          The knowledge that the band was going to be markedly different
     this time around got the team members "pumped".  This time we'd 
     have real shots at Iran, India, Sri Lanka, and the many breakaway 
     formerly-Soviet republics.  Much had been learned from the first 
     trip regarding logistics of antenna setup, what to bring / what
     not to bring, getting equipment through customs, eating, sleeping,
     etc.  Despite my worries about baggage-handler damage and customs
     scrutiny, I decided to bring the Drake R8 this time since I felt 
     that the DXpedition deserved the best receiver I had.  The Realistic  
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 2 **

     DX440 (responsible for my Lesotho logging from Rockport, MA) was    
     packed for back-up, but it wasn't used.  Jean decided wisely that
     as much operation as possible should be done inside the "DX Inn"
     in Cappahayden: here all the team members would have immediate 
     access to lights, printed reference material, AC mains power, heat,
     restroom facilities, and tea / coffee / snacks as required.  With
     all DXers in one place, reception information could flow more 
     freely.  (Indeed, all four of us teamed up on some of the more 
     difficult catches.)  The indoor operation would yield higher DXer
     productivity than sitting outside in dark, cold, cramped cars.
     The issue crucial to making this work was the suppression of the
     mains-radiated RF noise that had dogged such attempts back in 1991.
     The deployment of noise-reducing transformers and phasing units on
     the Beverages this time around did much to alleviate the noise
     problems.  The rest of it was handled by the much-stronger signal
     levels inherent in good high-latitude propagation.  When the band
     is good to the north, the big European stations can deliver much
     higher signal levels than the Africans and Brazilians do during
     a heavy aurora.

          Antenna installation followed the concept of hitting northern /
     eastern Europe and the Middle East heavily while still maintaining
     some capability towards Africa, Brazil, and the Caribbean.  The 
     eventual layout, consisting of six wires, approached the "wagon 
     wheels" of wires used at FCC monitoring stations.  Four of the     
     wires were of Beverage length.  The full range of antennas utilized 
     is listed at the beginning of the loggings section.  The ocean 
     was only about 50 m away on 70 to 110 degree bearings; hence, 
     no wires were aimed that way.  Neil wanted to try experimenting 
     with different termination schemes on the Euro-Bevs, but even 
     during the bright sunshine of early afternoon, TA's were beating 
     up on the domestics so badly that results were inconclusive.  
     Each wire had unique strengths and weaknesses of pick-up; also, 
     the directionality of a given wire's pick-up varied according 
     to frequency.  Phasing different pairs of wires created different 
     null / peak patterns.  We soon learned which pairs were the most 
     useful in pulling out stations normally buried by co-channel 
     dominants.  The many pesty stations from Spain were as often 
     the targets of nulling as were the US / Canada domestics.  In 
     many cases, 'pest' stations as close as 5 degrees in bearing 
     to desired DX could be nulled without killing the desired station -
     e. g. Portugal, Algeria, or Morocco heard after having nulled Spain.
     Vertical (skip) angle discrimination probably gets into the act in
     such cases; in any event, you need Beverage-length wires to pull 
     off such pinpoint nulling with any degree of regularity.

          I used remotely-tuned loops (mine and Jean's) through the 
     MWT-3 Regenerative Tuner / Controller to the Drake R8 at times
     as I figured that loop use could possibly intercept something
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 3 **

     different from what was coming in on the Beverages.  This may  
     have gotten a few different individual stations into the logbook,
     but no additional countries.  The Beverages, especially when 
     phased, were the antennas "delivering the beef".  Much of the 
     time I opted for Beverage use because electrical noise bothered 
     loop reception.  Neil and I teamed up at his Icom R70 with 
     phasing of the two Euro-Bevs to snag numerous low-powered British 
     locals.  These were on channels often dominated by higher-powered 
     stations such as 1530, usually the property of Vatican and WCKY.  
     Getting Aberdeen, Scotland on 1035 after phasing out the huge 
     signal from Portugal was a thrill.  
          
          We all tried for the "fish that got away": Sri Lanka on 1548.  
     All of us thought we had bits of audio parallel to Deutsche Welle 
     shortwave outlets, but QRM from British locals on 1548 prevented 
     a definitive logging.  Jean may eventually get this at home on
     his attic wire.  Swapping of antennas among the four DXers' 
     receivers was done periodically to give everyone some listening 
     variety and to spread the talent around on both the TA DX and
     Pan-American DX efforts.
     
     ==================================================================
     
          Neil went nuts logging out entire networks by rapid scanning 
     of parallel channels.  Romanian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, and other 
     networks of parallel stations were "milked" in this tour-de-force 
     display of DXing efficiency.

          Neil's comments on the DXpedition: "Newfie 2 was great. The
     place hadn't changed, but band conditions were sure different.  
     This time we had normal (good, but not exceptional) high-latitude
     propagation, rather than the heavy aurora of the 1991 trip.  There 
     was much more domestic QRM, but TA's still creamed the domestics
     on the two Euro-Bevs.  Getting India - 1566 was certainly a highlight
     of the DXpedition.  Noise-reducing transformers provided by Mark
     helped a lot.  This technology is highly recommended for those
     with electrical noise trouble (and that's most of us).  It was
     great to be able to operate indoors this time.  We would have
     liked to experiment with terminations more, but TA's were already
     blowing away domestics at 2 PM local time with the sun shining 
     brightly!  Forget all the rules on parallel Beverages having to
     be separated.  We had two Euro-Bevs not greatly different in length
     running virtually on top of each other, seldom more than 1 m apart.
     Even when both were unterminated, they had usefully-different 
     pickup and null patterns."
     
     ==================================================================
     
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 4 **

          Bruce hooked up his Sony ICF-2010 and the MWDX-5 Phasing Unit
     to the Brazil-Bev and the Carib-Bev and went on a Latin American
     stampede.  Not to say that he wasn't getting TA's as well: his
     efforts put Oman - 1242 in the log.  
     
          Bruce sums things up this way: "While there were many high 
     power Argentinian and Brazilian stations logged, I found that 
     hearing signals from the Caribbean was difficult due to the 
     lack of auroral conditions.  But persistence paid off with the 
     eventual logging of Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago among other 
     targets to increase our country-count.  My main interests lie 
     in listening to Caribbean and Latin American stations for the 
     culture and music.  So it was especially exciting to hear
     Argentina and Brazil dominating 1030 with WBZ - Boston 
     practically non-existent (on the highly-directional 1015 m 
     Brazil-Bev), or to log a Venezuelan on 1450, for example.  
     There was so much to log in so little time, I only wish that 
     I could have stayed longer to do more listening (for program 
     content as well as DX)."
     
     ==================================================================

          Jean swapped Beverages going to his Icom R71A and phasing box
     periodically to go, alternately, for deep Asians (such as India -
     1566) and Brazilians.  He did some determined digging on a 1571.7
     kHz mystery station and came out with an ID from a 250-watt Brazilian.
     The big Bevs to the south hauled in Argentina and Uruguay.     
     
          Jean offers the following words on his 'awesome' adventure: 
          
          "DXing is normally a solitary hobby and, as such, DXers 
     develop individual styles of DXing.  A good DXpedition is more 
     than just a pooling of effort in setting up serious antennas, 
     it provides a rare opportunity to DX with other DXers and 
     thereby one's DX skills are honed by observing and trying other 
     styles of listening.  I appreciated seeing Mark's R8 in action.  
     His noise-reducing lead-in design, which allowed the Beverages 
     to be routed into the "DX Inn", was battlefield-tested, and the 
     design proved its worth irrevocably to all of us. 
        
          We DXed collaboratively, and the result was indeed greater 
     than the sum of its parts.  Teamwork certainly allowed me to hear 
     more, and better DX!  It is true that every time you hear a new 
     country, it becomes that much harder to hear the next new one.  
     A personal measure of the success of this DXpedition is that 
     I added three new countries to bring my total of MW countries 
     (from Newfoundland) over 130.  Since the 1990's I've been 
     ecstatic when I've heard three new ones in a year!
        
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 5 **

          Alerts were sounded when something interesting was spotted, 
     and whoever happened to be connected to the antenna(s) that gave 
     the best reception took over the responsibility for the logging. 
     The first "All hands on deck!" came very early in the trip, and 
     it turned out to be the most exciting: the long elusive Indian 
     on 1566 kHz.  Other TA highlights were Latvia on 1350 and the 
     VOA from Greece on 792.  We had poor reception of some 
     interesting Middle Eastern stations such as Oman on 1242 
     and the Iranians, and just glimpses of other TA's (e.g.  
     possible Macedonia on 810 and Qatar on 954). These will be 
     the focus of my efforts this season.
        
          Without the benefit of auroral enhancement, I expected 
     little of interest from sub-Saharan Africa.  We did not direct 
     a Beverage in that direction, but it seems that this prediction 
     was correct.  Sao Tome and some Angolans were the only bright 
     lights from that continent. 
        
          The Pan-Am's were perhaps a little disappointing.  I expected 
     that, in spite of conditions, we would do a little better with 
     regard to sub-equatorial Spanish language stations.  I had heard 
     Paraguay on 920 the previous week during non-auroral conditions, 
     but this was a no-show during the DXpedition.  Bruce's success 
     with Radio Mar del Plata (670) was the only "new catch from 
     Newfoundland" from that part of the world.  The higher-powered 
     Brazilians were plentiful in the lower part of the band, and 
     some ID's that had eluded the team in 1991 were nailed down.  
     I was surprised by the abnormally strong signal from Radio 
     Bandierantes (840).  Bulletins received after the DXpedition 
     have the explanation: they have upped their power.  Conditions 
     were not conducive to reception of the high-band Brazilian 
     grave-yarders, so the ID on a wandering (1571.7) 250-watt 
     Radio Emissora ABC was an unexpected bonus.  Caribbean signals 
     were poor.  We failed to log Barbados (900 is usually a "gimme" 
     from Cappahayden) and St. Vincent (705).  Also, the Harbour 
     Light station in Grenada was not heard. Perhaps, after a brief 
     flirtation with 1405, it is now silent.  It is tempting to 
     speculate that a carrier noted on 1024.5 would have yielded 
     Costa Rican audio if conditions had been even marginally better!"
     
     ==================================================================
          
          All good things must end (Mark's final comments) ...

          Bruce and I left Newfoundland early Sunday morning (24 OCT), 
     but Jean and Neil stayed at the "DX Inn" another day.  They had
     the necessary (though not fun) job of taking down the wires ....
     in the rain.

 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 6 **

          I'm certain that the October 1993 Newfoundland DXpedition 
     has broken all records for countries logged on medium-wave from 
     eastern North America in less than a week.  Some of us heard 
     more DX in a few days than we'd hear at home in a year or more.
     The DXpedition succeeded thanks to big antennas, a coastal
     location, good receivers, serious planning, hard work, and 
     the great camaraderie and sharing of accumulated DX knowledge 
     among the four participants.
     
     ******************************************************************
 
     The OCT 1993 Cappahayden, Newfoundland DXpedition Logbook

     DXers: Dr. Jean Burnell (of St. John's, NF), Mark Connelly (of
            Billerica, MA), Bruce Conti (of Nashua, NH), Neil Kazaross 
            (of Northbrook, IL)

     Receivers: Icom R70, Icom R71A, Drake R8, Sony ICF-2010

     Antennas: 615 m / 2018 ft. "Euro-Bev" at 45 degrees [terminated]
               525 m / 1722 ft. "Euro-Bev" at 45 degrees [unterminated]
               approx. 200 m / 656 ft. "Afro-wire" at 130 degrees
               1015 m / 3330 ft. "Brazil-Bev" at 153 degrees [terminated]
               1000 m / 3281 ft. "Carib-Bev" at 165 degrees [terminated]
               approx. 200 m / 656 ft. "domestic pest wire" at 270 degrees
               + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 
               The two shortest wires (approx. 200 m) were moved to other 
               positions besides those listed above at various times.
               Neil's termination method of approximately 70 m of wire 
               after a 560-ohm resistor was customarily used on 3 Beverages.
               
     Accessories: phasing units (MWDX-3, MWDX-5, Super-MWDX-5); 
                  noise-reducing 9:1 & 1:1 transformers; MWT-3 
                  regenerative tuner-preamplifier-controller;
                  RTL-2 remotely-tuned loop

     Days listed are OCT 1993 - Times are GMT/UTC.
  
     Trans-Atlantic DX from the Newfoundland DXpedition / OCT 1993
  
  FREQ.  |DAY | TIME |LOCATION, PROGRAM DETAILS
---------|----|------|-------------------------------------------------------
   531   | 22 | 2025 |SPAIN - RNE5 fair w/ m in SS                         
   531   | 23 | 2039 |SPAIN - f SS vocal                                   
   531   | 22 | 0720 |FAROE ISLANDS Akraberg - choral anthem at s/on       
   531   | 23 | 0715 |FAROE ISLANDS Akraberg - good at s/on w/ 
                     |distinctive IS, Scandinavian talk; o/Spain/others.   
   531   | 25 | 0712 |FAROE ISLANDS Utvarp Foroya, Akraberg: IS to s/on 
                     |announcement at 0715 in presumed Faroese, organ mx,
                     |choir, talk from 0721. QRM mainly Spain, SIO 333-2.  
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 7 **

   531   | 24 | 2340 |MADEIRA Porto Santo - RDP: PP soft rock in a mess, 
                     |mixing w/ Spain and Algeria (// 666). SIO 222        
   539   | 23 | 0442 |unID - het from someone on old-plan channel          
   540   | 24 | 0338 |HUNGARY Solt - Magyar R.: m in Hungarian, Vivaldi's 
                     |"Four Seasons" excerpt, more talk; o/CBT/CBGA1. 
                     |SIO 322                                              
   540   | 24 | 0508 |BELGIUM Waver-Overijse - Belgische R.: Pop mx in 
                     |Dutch/Flemish & EE, m DJ spoke Flemish. SIO 333      
   549   | 23 | 2041 |ALGERIA Les Trembles - pop AA mx // 891              
   558   | 23 | 2042 |SPAIN - f SS talk, fair w/ CHVO nulled               
   567   | 22 | 2030 |IRELAND Tullamore - RTE1 good w/ EE discussion       
   567   | 23 | 2045 |IRELAND Tullamore - RTE1 good w/ EE talk, then      
                     |some great Chieftains-like fiddle mx; o/Portugal.    
   567   | 23 | 2045 |PORTUGAL Valenca - PP f vocal // 666; u/ Ireland.    
   567   | 23 | 2355 |SPAIN Murcia et al.- RNE5: SS // 531,666 u/Eire OC            
   576   | 23 | 2048 |SPAIN Tarragona - SS f talk, o/ others               
   576   | 24 | 0316 |BULGARIA Vidin - Bulgarian Nat. R.: m vocal of
                     |Bulgarian folk song w/ flute accompaniment (//828). 
                     |Strong QRM from Spain, SIO 322                       
   585   | 22 | 0229 |SPAIN RNE1 - good, "Radio Nacional" ID, // 684.      
   585   | 22 | 2031 |SPAIN Madrid - RNE1 fair to good w/ m in SS; growl
                     |of about 200 Hz present on high side.                
   585   | 23 | 2049 |SPAIN Madrid - fast f SS talk o/ growl & 
                     |suspected Tunisia.                                   
   585   | 23 | 2115 |SPAIN RNE1 - good, "Radio Nacional Espana" 
                     |ID, // 720.                                          
   585   | 23 | 2110 |TUNISIA Gafsa (t) - f AA chants; Spain phased a bit  
   594   | 23 | 0010 |PORTUGAL Muge - vocal, PP talk through VOCM slop     
   594   | 23 | 0010 |MOROCCO - AA // 1044; u/ Portugal & VOCM slop        
   594   | 23 | 2051 |MOROCCO / ? - AA jumbled w/ others in bad VOCM slop  
   594   | 24 | 2317 |MOROCCO Oujda - RTV Marocaine: AA talk, probably 
                     |news as it mentioned Saudi Arabia, Syria, etc.;
                     |mx from 2325 (// 1044). VOCM splatter reduced by 
                     |phasing, SIO 433                                     
   603   | 23 | 2053 |SPAIN Sevilla - good w/ fast f SS talk way o/others  
   612   | 23 | 0001 |IRELAND Tullamore - news and wx., 0002 "2FM" ID, 
                     |and "The other side of midnight" blues mx program.   
   612   | 22 | 0018 |MOROCCO Sebaa Aioun - AA mx // 173; u/ Ireland       
   612   | 23 | 2054 |MOROCCO Sebaa Aioun - m AA a cappella vocal, dom.    
   621   | 22 | 2042 |CANARY ISLANDS Santa Cruz - SS talk; good            
   621   | 23 | 2055 |CANARY ISLANDS Santa Cruz - fast SS talk, loud       
   630   | 22 | 2300 |unID - probably Portugal, but CFCY in control of
                     |the channel most of the time; audio tough to pull
   639   | 22 | 2044 |SPAIN La Coruna et al. - SS m good; slight CBN QRM   
   639   | 23 | 2056 |SPAIN La Coruna et al. - SS talk in CBN slop         
   648   | 23 | 0443 |SPAIN - SS // 639                                    
   657   | 22 | 2045 |SPAIN Madrid - SS mx. then ID "R. Nacional Espana"   
   657   | 23 | 2100 |SPAIN Madrid - "R. Nacional Espana" ID o/ jumble     
   666   | 22 | 0512 |PORTUGAL Lisboa - PP vocal // 720                    
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 8 **

   666   | 22 | 0100 |PORTUGAL Lisboa et al. - RDP: PP news up, swamping 
                     |Germany.  SIO 322                                    
   666   | 22 | 0613 |PORTUGAL - fair, PP news and mx.                     
   666   | 23 | 2105 |PORTUGAL Lisboa et al.- PP talk, piano mx o/Germany  
   666   | 23 | 2105 |GERMANY Rohrdorf - SWF: Talk in GG // 1017.  Signal
                     |was behind Portugal: SIO 322                         
   666   | 23 | 2105 |SPAIN  COPE net : football play-by-play (//837). 
                     |SIO 222                                              
   675   | 23 | 2107 |FRANCE Marseille - FF m fair in 673 (CKXG spur) QRM  
   675   | 24 | 0600 |HOLLAND Lopik - s/on: DD & some EE talk, mentioned
                     |675 kHz & commercial radio; o/u France               
   684   | 22 | 0110 |SPAIN Sevilla - RNE1: xlnt, feature length news 
                     |stories in SS.                                       
   684   | 23 | 2110 |SPAIN Sevilla - fast SS talk o/ Beograd Slav talk    
   684   | 22 | 0330 |SERBIA (YUGOSLAVIA) Beograd - AA-sounding mx 
                     |heard behind Spain turned out to be this station. 
                     |Serbian talk ran from 0343-0345.              
   684   | 23 | 0023 |SERBIA (YUGOSLAVIA) Beograd - fair w/ m Slavic 
                     |talk; Spain phased.                         
   693   | 22 | 0140 |AZORES Santa Barbara - xlnt, PP talk & instrumental
                     |EZL music.                                           
   693   | 23 | 2113 |ENGLAND/AZORES - BBC discussion o/u festive PP mx    
   693   | 23 | 0657 |ENGLAND Droitwich et al. - BBC loud w/ interview 
                     |w/ a young kid about football.                       
   702   | 23 | 2115 |SPAIN Zamora - het rumble, then SS talk surfaced     
   702   | 23 | 0029 |SLOVAKIA - cl. mx // 1098; u/ Morocco OC       
   702   | 24 | 0323 |SLOVAKIA Banska Bystrica / Presov - good w/   
                     |piano version of "Close to You" // 1098              
   711   | 22 | 0100 |LIBYA - f AA talk // 1251                            
   719   | 23 | 0035 |unID - het against CHTN / Portugal - 720             
   720   | 22 | 0512 |PORTUGAL Sao Salvador - PP vocal // 666; o/ CHTN.    
   720   | 23 | 2117 |PORTUGAL Sao Salvador - m PP talk o/u CHTN           
   720   | 23 | 2107 |CANARY ISLANDS Santa Cruz, Tenerife - RNE1: good, 
                     |"Radio Nacional Espana" ID and live futbol.          
   729   | 23 | 2119 |SPAIN RNE1 - SS // 585, 720, 738; atop Ireland       
   729   | 22 | 2010 |IRELAND Cork - EE talk // 567: 2010-2015             
   729   | 23 | 2119 |IRELAND Cork - folk vocal, u/ Spain                  
   738   | 23 | 2120 |SPAIN Barcelona - RNE1: SS // 729, others; QRM CHCM  
   747   | 22 | 0156 |HOLLAND Flevoland - good, mix of contemporary and 
                     |traditional jazz instrumentals, DD talk.             
   747   | 23 | 2125 |HOLLAND Flevoland - pop mx in CBGY slop              
   756   | 24 | 0406 |ENGLAND - probably Redruth - news in EE // 198;     
                     |mixed w/ Spain.                                      
   756   | 22 | 0424 |GERMANY Braunschweig / Ravensburg - good w/ m in GG;
                     |mx. under was probably Romania; also a 755 het here. 
   756   | 23 | 2145 |GERMANY Braunschweig / Ravensburg - show tunes,
                     |GG talk, o/ Spain SS talk.                           
   756   | 22 | 0420 |ROMANIA Lugoj - f vocal, Romanian talk o/u Germany   
   756   | 24 | 0507 |ROMANIA Lugoj - Romanian // 1053 u/ Germany / UK     
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 9 **

   756   | 23 | 2145 |SPAIN Bilbao - SS talk u/ Germany.                   
   756   | 24 | 0411 |SPAIN Bilbao - SS talk (Euzkadi Irratia) o/ UK   
   765   | 23 | 0100 |SENEGAL Dakar - good, Koranic chants, then beep and 
                     |ID followed by anthem and s/off at 0101, leaving 
                     |Switzerland in clear.                                
   765   | 23 | 0658 |SENEGAL Dakar - LIKE A LOCAL w/ string mx. at s/on.  
   765   | 22 | 2200 |SWITZERLAND Sottens - good in FF, jazz and 
                     |classical mx.                                        
   765   | 23 | 2147 |SWITZERLAND Sottens - FF talk, jazz vocal o/ Senegal;
                     |low growl present.                                   
   774   | 22 | 0112 |SPAIN RNE1 - good,  SS // 684.                       
   774   | 22 | 0337 |EGYPT Abis - AA u/ Spain; also in at 0428.           
   774   | 23 | 2150 |EGYPT Abis - AA vocal atop Spain.                    
   783   | 22 | 2208 |PORTUGAL Miramar - R. Comercial: good, PP talk,
                     |"Comercial" ID, under heavy attack from CFDR-780.    
   783   | 23 | 2348 |SYRIA Tartus - Syrian Rep. Arab BC: m AA talk
                     |mentioned "Suriyya" (Syria) a few times.  Actually
                     |overtaking Portugal at times !  SIO 232  + Koran    
                     |chants through 0015 (24 OCT); did NOT sign off then. 
   792   | 22 | 0332 |SPAIN Sevilla - m in SS, SS mx.; good.               
   792   | 22 | 0610 |SPAIN Sevilla - SER: good, SS teletalk, // 1584.     
   792   | 23 | 2349 |SPAIN Sevilla - SS talk, good                        
   792   | 24 | 0433 |GREECE Kavala - VOA Relay:  Faded up nicely 
                     |w/ news in Romanian (// 9615), f gave VOA ID at 0436 
                     |before it receded under Spain. SIO 343               
   801   | 22 | 0512 |SPAIN Lugo et al. - SS talk                          
   801   | 23 | 0612 |SPAIN Lugo et al. - SS talk, good o/ others          
   801   | 23 | 2317 |JORDAN Ajlun - R. Jordan: Koran, m in AA // 1494
                     |to 2330 s/off. Briefly alone, then QRM'ed by others  
   810   | 22 | 0513 |SPAIN - SS talk losing to BBC Scotland and CJVA      
   810   | 21 | 2050 |SCOTLAND -BBC news, huge signal- still good at 2305  
   810   | 22 | 0513 |SCOTLAND - BBC financial news o/ CJVA FF / Spain SS  
   810   | 23 | 0659 |SCOTLAND - f EE wx. forecast, good o/ domestics.     
   810   | 24 | 2044 |SCOTLAND - BBC Scotland synchros: surprised to 
                     |hear m&f talk in Chinese, switched to EE to talk 
                     |about availability of CC programming via Sky 
                     |satellite, more CC talk and CC pop mx. SIO 444       
   810   | 24 | 2159 |RUSSIA Volgograd et al. - R. Moscow IS behind 
                     |Scotland, not sure if signing off.                   
   810   | 24 | 2159 |unID - second signal behind Scotland may have 
                     |been Skopje, MACEDONIA.  IS w/ guitar-like 
                     |instrument, then f talk, possibly mentioning 
                     |Skopje at TOH.  Very tentative catch.                
   819   | 24 | 0330 |MOROCCO Rabat - o/u Egypt: AA // 1233 & others       
   819   | 24 | 0326 |EGYPT Batra - xlnt w/ Koran o/u Morocco              
   819   | 23 | 2352 |unID (EGYPT or MOROCCO) - AA pgm. in QRM             
   819   | 24 | 2224 |POLAND Warsaw - Polskie R.: ID sounded like 
                     |"Radio Televisi Polska", then long talk in 
                     |Polish. Over AA stn, SIO 433                         
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 10 **

   828   | 24 | 0303 |BULGARIA Sumen - Bulgarian Nat. R.: Bulgarian 
                     |gypsy folk mx (// 1296). SIO 233                     
   828   | 22 | 0145 |AZORES Flores - fair, PP // 693.                     
   837   | 22 | 0039 |SPAIN/CANARY ISLANDS - COPE: xlnt, "...en la 
                     |COPE!" promo and COPE jingle.                        
   837   | 22 | 0143 |AZORES Barossa - good, PP // 693.                    
   846   | 22 | 0042 |ITALY Rome - good with II pop music and talk;
                     |0136 good with opera music.                          
   846   | 22 | 0514 |ITALY Rome - f II talk                               
   855   | 24 | 0426 |ROMANIA Bucuresti - R. Romania: f in Romanian //1179;
                     |u/ Spain. SIO 322                                    
   855   | 22 | 0114 |SPAIN RNE1 - good, SS // 684.                        
   864   | 24 | 0311 |BULGARIA Blagoevgrad - Bulgarian Nat. R.//828,1296:  
                     |Bulgarian folk mx emerged above Egypt AA. SIO 232    
   864   | 24 | 0310 |EGYPT Santah - good w/ Koran                         
   864   | 22 | 0518 |SPAIN - RNE1: R. Nacional ID // 855       
   873   | 21 | 2348 |SPAIN Zaragoza SER - poor, SS // 1584.               
   873   | 22 | 2121 |SPAIN Zaragoza - SS talk mixed w/ Germany, Hungary   
   873   | 22 | 2114 |GERMANY Frankfurt - AFN: US-accented m in EE 
                     |reading news. SIO 333 + sportstalk noted at 2121     
   873   | 22 | 2120 |HUNGARY Lakihegy / Pecs - Magyar R.: Jazz piano mx 
                     |// 1188, 1251; u/ Spain & AFN Germany. SIO 222-1     
   882   | 21 | 2100 |ENGLAND / CANARY ISLANDS - EE & SS battling it out
                     |as noted on the car radio en route to the "DX Inn".  
   891   | 22 | 0135 |ALGERIA Algiers - xlnt, modern AA mx.                
   891   | 23 | 0117 |PORTUGAL Vilamoura - f PP vocal // 981,594,963,1251.
                     |Algerian superpest phased                            
   900   | 22 | 0519 |ITALY Milan - II f talk                              
   900   | 24 | 2254 |SAUDI ARABIA Qurayyat - Koran recitation // 1521; 
                     |huge, crushing Italy                                 
   909   | 23 | 0413 |AZORES Angra do Heroismo - m PP talk, good           
   909   | 23 | 0612 |ENGLAND - good w/ "everything you want to know 
                     |about football", Motown oldies music, "news at 
                     |7:30" promo.                                         
   909   | 23 | 0701 |ENGLAND Moorside Edge et al. - "Radio 5 News &
                     |Sports" mention, good o/ unID piano mx (Azores ?)    
   918   | 22 | 2131 |SLOVENIA Ljubljana - EE news mentioning "the Serbian 
                     |delegation", then Radio Slovenia ID.  SIO 222        
   918   | 22 | 2135 |SYRIA Al-Hassake - fair to good w/ AA mx (strings, 
                     |vocal); some Spain / Slovenia QRM w/ CJCH phased     
   927   | 22 | 0520 |BELGIUM Wolvertem - f vocal // 1512                  
   927   | 24 | 2127 |BELGIUM Wolvertem - Belgische R.: Flemish talk 
                     |about relief efforts in India, oboe mx, wx, 
                     |Stevie Wonder song at 2133. Splatter from 
                     |CJYQ, SIO 333                                        
   936   | 23 | 0400 |GERMANY Bremen - GG o/ others                        
   945   | 23 | 0615 |FRANCE Toulouse - good w/ FF talk                    
   945   | 24 | 2008 |ENGLAND Derby - Gem AM: In a mess and w/ a het 
                     |from 944 (African ?), mainly C&W mx, ads, and
                     |jingles. SIO 222                                     
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 11 **

   954   | 24 | 1926 |unID: Quest for QATAR: definitely Koran recitation 
                     |behind Spain and another stn (Czech?). Lost at 
                     |1930, SIO 222                                        
   954   | 24 | 1927 |SPAIN Madrid - R. Espana: LA mx, ad for fruit 
                     |juice, then SS ballad.  SIO 433                      
   954   | 22 | 0557 |SPAIN Madrid - R. Espana: good, news with frequent 
                     |"Radiola" temperature and time checks, 0600 ID 
                     |"...servicio de Radio Espana".                       
   954   | 22 | 2205 |CZECH REPUBLIC (t) - Slavic talk                     
   963   | 22 | 0123 |PORTUGAL Seixal - PP pgm // 594, 891, 981, 1251      
   963   | 22 | 0458 |FINLAND Pori - Finnish f talk, fair to good          
   972   | 24 | 0447 |GERMANY Hamburg - xlnt. w/ "oompah" mx, GG talk      
   972   | 23 | 0727 |SPAIN (/ MELILLA ?) - SS talk.                       
   972   | 22 | 0024 |UKRAINE Mykolayiv - RR or Ukrainian talk o/ others   
   972   | 23 | 0310 |UKRAINE Mykolayiv - rock mx // 1242,1377,1404        
   981   | 24 | 0438 |GREECE Athens (t) - Elliniki Radiophonia 4: No 
                     |announcements heard, but sounded like Greek 
                     |songs; confusing reception w/ other stns fading 
                     |in and out. Definitely NOT Portugal per check
                     |of other Portuguese stations that would have
                     |been //.  Briefly SIO 333                            
   981   | 23 | 0111 |PORTUGAL Coimbra et al. - dance mx, PP 
                     |talk.  Algeria apparently off at the time.           
   990   | 22 | 0549 |SPAIN Bilbao - SER: fair, SS // 1584.                
   990   | 23 | 0640 |SPAIN Bilbao - SS sportstalk w/ mentions of
                     |national teams such as 'Real Madrid'.                
   999   | 22 | 0340 |SPAIN Madrid - loud w/ SS talk.                      
   999   | 22 | 0546 |SPAIN Madrid - COPE: good, SS // 1134.               
  1008   | 21 | 2352 |SPAIN/CANARY ISLANDS SER - fair to good, SS// 1584.  
  1008   | 23 | 0616 |CANARY ISLANDS/SPAIN -Las Palmas & Vigo - f SS talk  
  1017   | 23 | 2250 |TURKEY Mundanya -  TRT-1: m&f in Turkish, m Middle 
                     |Eastern vocal o/ Germany. Deep fades, SIO 332        
  1026   | 23 | 2107 |AUSTRIA Graz-Dobl - religious choral mx // 1476;
                     |good o/ Spain.                                       
  1026   | 24 | 0642 |NORTHERN IRELAND Belfast - ad for telephone company
                     |in N. Ireland, "Downtown R." mention; a bit u/Spain  
  1026   | 21 | 2347 |SPAIN SER - good, SS // 1584.                        
  1035   | 22 | 0505 |PORTUGAL Lisboa - strong w/ R. Comercial ID o/     
                     |possible Estonia.                                    
  1035   | 22 | 0537 |PORTUGAL Lisbon - R.Comercial: xlnt, "Radio 
                     |Comercial" ID, PP talk and mx.                       
  1035   | 22 | 2215 |ITALY - m II talk good w/ Portugal phased            
  1035   | 22 | 0646 |SCOTLAND Aberdeen - Aberdeen local ads including
                     |used car dealer (phone # started w/ 27), adult 
                     |contemporary mx.  Audible only w/ Portugal phased    
  1044   | 22 | 0534 |MOROCCO Sebaa-Aioun - xlnt with AA talk.             
  1044   | 22 | 2325 |MOROCCO Sebaa-Aioun - good w/ AA m vocal & 
                     |violins // 1053.                                     
  1044   | 25 | 0052 |GERMANY Dresden - MDR-Info:  GG talk in mess u/Spain 
                     |& other. Faded out within a few minutes. SIO 222-1   
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 12 **

  1044   | 25 | 0052 |SPAIN - SS mixed w/ Germany & others                 
  1053   | 22 | 2325 |SPAIN Zaragoza - SS atop Morocco & bubblejammer      
  1053   | 22 | 0429 |LIBYA Tripoli - AA // 1251                           
  1053   | 22 | 2325 |MOROCCO Tanger - AA m vocal, violins //1044 u/Spain  
  1053   | 22 | 2325 |unID - Bubble Jammer: Messing up Morocco and Spain.  
                     |At whom is this aimed, the Iranian?                  
  1053   | 22 | 0530 |ENGLAND R. 1 - good with news, ID, and pop mx.       
  1053   | 24 | 0458 |ROMANIA Iasi - // 756; loud well o/ Spain / UK: 
                     |6 pips, R. Romania ID                                
  1062   | 22 | 0357 |DENMARK Kalundborg - good w/ pop mx., Danish talk    
  1071   | 24 | 0224 |FRANCE - one transmitter on running FF // 162, other
                     |transmitter on the net the presumed source of open
                     |carrier.  Both o/u Spain w/ strong CBA-1070 het.     
  1080   | 24 | 0231 |MOROCCO Casablanca - poor // 1044.  AA mx / chants
                     |u/ Spain w/ bits of WTIC.                            
  1080   | 24 | 0231 |SPAIN - SS o/ Morocco / WTIC                         
  1088   | 22 | 0208 |ANGOLA Luanda - typical moderate-tempo Afro-PP mx    
  1089   | 22 | 0209 |RUSSIA  Krasnodar - R. Rossii: RR talk, silence 
                     |from 0210-0211 then R. Rossii ID, IS, and talk 
                     |about Russian politics. SIO 444                       
  1089   | 24 | 0242 |RUSSIA Krasnodar - huge signal w/ choir mx           
  1089   | 24 | 0400 |ALBANIA Durres - R. Tirana: S/on w/ anthem, ID as 
                     |"Yu flet Tirana", f in Albanian gave frequency 
                     |schedule, then interesting local mx. SIO 444         
  1089   | 22 | 0505 |ENGLAND - good with wx., pop mx, "Breakfast 
                     |Headlines" at 0513, 6:13 time check, some delay 
                     |echo noted from network stations on same freq.       
  1098   | 22 | 0012 |SPAIN/CANARY ISLANDS - RNE5 - good, SS talk // 1314  
  1098   | 22 | 0509 |SLOVAKIA Velke Kostolany - Slavic m talk,           
                     |atop Canary Islands / Spain.                         
  1098   | 23 | 0033 |SLOVAKIA - classical mx // 702; u/ Spain / Canaries  
  1107   | 24 | 0140 |EGYPT Batrah - AA talk well o/ Spain                 
  1107   | 24 | 0248 |GERMANY - AFN synchros: EE talk u/ Egypt / growl     
  1107   | 25 | 0043 |GERMANY - AFN synchros: Egypt phased out to leave 
                     |Spain and this, w/ sports talk (baseball, hockey) 
                     |in US-accented EE. SIO 322                           
  1115   | 22 | 0108 |ANGOLA M'Banza-Kongo poor w/ mx through 1116 het     
  1115   | 24 | 0156 |ANGOLA M'Banza-Kongo - to fair peaks w/ "Money" by
                     |Pink Floyd, then PP announcer.                       
  1116   | 23 | 0030 |CHANNEL ISLANDS Guernsey - EE news w/ several Channel 
                     |Islands local items, talk about a man in Guernsey.  
                     |Heard 0030-0035, then lost to R. Derby & Russian.    
  1116   | 24 | 0802 |CHANNEL ISLANDS Guernsey - local news dominant; 
                     |mixed w/ other EE & Spain.                           
  1116   | 23 | 0037 |ENGLAND Derby - likely w/ EE pop mx. in mix w/ 
                     |Guernsey news & Russia's RR talk.  Spain-1116       
                     |suppressed by the terminated 45-degree Euro-Bev.     
  1116   | 23 | 0036 |RUSSIA synchros. - RR talk often atop.               
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 13 **

  1116   | 22 | 0202 |SPAIN SER - fair with SS talk, // 1584.              
  1116   | 23 | 0529 |ITALY Bari et al. - RAI: f II talk after Spain 
                     |was reduced by phasing. SIO 232                       
  1125   | 22 | 0101 |CROATIA Deanovec -  Hrvatski R.: m in Croatian 
                     |w/ news; "Hrvatski Radio" ID at 0103 then "Hello 
                     |Dolly" and other instrumental standards segued. 
                     |This night there was no sign of 1134. SIO 444        
  1125   | 23 | 2242 |CROATIA Deanovec - pop mx, Hrvatski R.ID // 1134     
  1125   | 22 | 0350 |SPAIN RNE5 - good, SS // 1098.                       
  1125   | 23 | 0730 |SPAIN - RNE5: Radio Nacional Espana ID               
  1125   | 23 | 2243 |SPAIN - SS mixed w/ Croatia & Wales.                 
  1125   | 23 | 2238 |WALES Llandrindod Wells - BBC Wales: EE boxing 
                     |blow-by-blow (//882) under Croatia. SIO 222-1        
  1134   | 23 | 2241 |CROATIA Zadar - Hrvatski R.: Back to back pops 
                     |(//1125). This was inaudible or off the previous 
                     |evening!  SIO 444                                    
  1134   | 22 | 0204 |SPAIN COPE - good, SS // 837.                        
  1143   | 22 | 0434 |SPAIN Reus - COPE: good, "...aqui en la COPE!" 
                     |promo, SS telephone talk, // 1134.                   
  1143   | 23 | 0731 |SPAIN Reus - "Cadena COPE" ID, good                  
  1143   | 23 | 1730 |RUSSIA/KALININGRAD Bolshakovo - "Midnight in Moscow" 
                     |chimes good: better than CBI-1140 during broad 
                     |daylight !   
  1152   | 22 | 0017 |SPAIN RNE5 - good, SS // 1098 & 1314.                
  1152   | 22 | 0427 |SPAIN RNE5 - good, SS // 1305.                       
  1152   | 22 | 0623 |ENGLAND London - London Talkback Radio: m&f EE 
                     |teletalk, mentioned "on Talkback R.", o/u Spain      
  1152   | 25 | 0008 |SCOTLAND Glasgow - Clyde 2:  Scottish-accented DJ 
                     |w/ dedications for people in Scotland. SIO 322       
  1152   | 24 | 0455 |ROMANIA Cluj - US rap mx, f Romanian announcer, then
                     |Romanian vocal; // 855, 1179                         
  1161   | 23 | 0623 |FRANCE - FF talk, then Broadway song "That's Why 
                     |the Lady is a Tramp"; good                           
  1161   | 22 | 2200 |BULGARIA - good w/ Slavic talk                       
  1170   | 22 | 0507 |PORTUGAL Vila Real - good, atop channel w/ "Chariots
                     |of Fire" theme, PP talk // 1035.                     
  1179   | 21 | 2100 |SWEDEN Solvesborg - news in Swedish, good on car rx  
  1179   | 24 | 0412 |GREECE Thessaloniki (t) - apparent Greek talk & mx 
                     |u/Spain/Canaries & OC that turned out to be Romania  
  1179   | 24 | 0415 |ROMANIA Bacau - R. Romania:  m in Romanian, faded 
                     |beneath Spain/Canaries than re-emerged loudly w/ pop 
                     |mx, mentioned "dominica ... programa" (which I 
                     |presume means "Sunday ... program") and "Romania" 
                     |very clearly (// 855).  This was unexpected as 
                     |WRTH suggests that these belong to different 
                     |networks.  EE song at 0418.  SIO 332                 
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 14 **

  1179   | 23 | 0311 |CANARY ISLANDS/SPAIN SER - fair, SS // 1584.         
  1188   | 22 | 0453 |MOROCCO Casablanca (t) FF rock mx.                   
  1188   | 22 | 2110 |HUNGARY Szombathely - Magyar R.: m in Hungarian w/ 
                     |BBD jazz pgm (//1251). SIO 222                       
  1197   | 22 | 0315 |LESOTHO Lancer's Gap - BBC relay good w/ Brit. EE
                     |talk // 5975.                                        
  1197   | 22 | 0645 |LESOTHO Lancer's Gap - fair, EE talk, BBC mentioned. 
  1197   | 22 | 0448 |ENGLAND - Virgin Radio // 1215 w/ ZZ Top's "She's
                     |Got Legs"; loud.                                     
  1197   | 22 | 2054 |ENGLAND Virgin R. - good, Van Halen's "Jump", rock 
                     |mx, "Virgin 1215" ID, // 1215.                       
  1206   | 23 | 0703 |FRANCE Bordeaux - excellent w/ FF talk               
  1206   | 22 | 0600 |POLAND Wroclaw - m Polish talk                       
  1206   | 23 | 2041 |POLAND Wroclaw et al. - Polskie R.: f in Polish 
                     |w/ news.  SIO 343                                    
  1215   | 22 | 0347 |SPAIN COPE - fair, SS // 837 & 1134.                 
  1215   | 22 | 0448 |ENGLAND - Virgin Radio // 1197 w/ ZZ Top hit         
  1224   | 23 | 2300 |BULGARIA Vidin - relaying VOA w/ EE ID "This is the
                     |Voice of America", then Serbian talk atop Spain.     
  1224   | 23 | 2300 |SPAIN synchros. - SS talk u/ Bulgaria                
  1233   | 22 | 0550 |MOROCCO Tanger (t) f FF talk                         
  1233   | 23 | 0211 |MOROCCO Tanger - AA mx, good                         
  1233   | 24 | 0256 |MOROCCO Tanger - RTV Marocaine: AA song by m w/ 
                     |guitar-like instrument, //1044 at the time. SIO 343  
  1242   | 22 | 0158 |ENGLAND Newport (t) - Isle of Wight R. probable w/
                     |George Harrison song, ID just before 0200 was 
                     |distorted, news.  QRM from Ukraine, SIO 232          
  1242   | 22 | 0616 |ENGLAND unID, also 22 OCT @ 0300, EE u/ France       
  1242   | 22 | 0651 |ENGLAND Newport - Isle of Wight R. o/u France 
                     |w/ EE talk, local Isle of Wight ads 0651-0654.       
  1242   | 22 | 2052 |ENGLAND Virgin R. - fair, mention of 1197 and 1215 
                     |also, rock mx, // 1215.                              
  1242   | 24 | 1953 |ENGLAND and SCOTLAND - Virgin R., low power synchros: 
                     |Peter Gabriel song, contest (// 1215). SIO 222       
  1242   | 22 | 0605 |FRANCE Marseille - xlnt, FF folk/pop mx and talk.    
  1242   | 22 | 2050 |OMAN Muscat - R. Oman fair, modern AA mx, o/u UK
                     |station, // 6085 which was also tough DX.            
  1242   | 22 | 2124 |OMAN Muscat - R. Oman: weak w/ Koran. SIO 232-1      
  1242   | 23 | 0310 |UKRAINE Kyyiv et al. - rock mx // 972,1377,1404      
  1251   | 23 | 0123 |LIBYA Tripoli - AA atop Portugal                     
  1251   | 22 | 0430 |PORTUGAL/LIBYA - PP pgm o/u Libya AA                 
  1251   | 23 | 0123 |PORTUGAL Porto / Viseu - f PP vocal //594,891,981    
  1251   | 22 | 2105 |HUNGARY Nyiregyhaza - Hung. talk, BBD jazz // 1188   
  1259   | 24 | 2004 |AZORES Faial - RDP: PP football play-by-play.  One
                     |team was from Porto. SIO 344 o/u Spain - 1260 QRM.                      
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 15 **

  1260   | 24 | 2000 |ENGLAND Bristol - Brunel Classic Gold: f read news,
                     |interview w/ an old woman who beat up a mugger w/ 
                     |her walking stick, "Classic Gold presents..." at 
                     |2002 then rock mx. Over/under Spain, SIO 322         
  1260   | 24 | 2000 |SPAIN Valencia et al (SER) - SS talk o/u England     
  1269   | 23 | 1720 |GERMANY Neumunster - GG trashing CJCB-1270 at 
                     |2:50 PM local                                        
  1278   | 22 | 0442 |IRELAND Cork / Dublin - RTE2 good w/ "No Milk Today"
                     |by Herman's Hermits // 612.                          
  1278   | 22 | 2255 |IRELAND - good, "5 minutes away from midnight" 
                     |UTC+1 time check, U2 rock song, 2300 news with 
                     |top story on IRA.                                    
  1278   | 23 | 0529 |IRELAND - good w/ local ads, then modern rock        
  1287   | 24 | 1759 |CZECH REP. Litomysl & Melnik - R. Free Europe: 
                     |IS just before TOH, then religious pgm in Czech. 
                     |Too early for a strong signal, SIO 242               
  1296   | 24 | 0259 |ENGLAND Orfordness - BBC WS: Bells, pips, BBC WS 
                     |news -  SIO 333                                      
  1296   | 24 | 0300 |BULGARIA Kardzali - Bulgarian Nat. R.: U/ England &
                     |Spain w/typical instrumental folk mx //828. SIO 222  
  1296   | 24 | 2258 |SPAIN - R. Pop. de Valencia: Local ads, but returned 
                     |to network (COPE) at 2300. Under BBC WS, SIO 322     
  1296   | 22 | 0633 |SPAIN Valencia - COPE: good, SS talk, // 1134.       
  1296   | 23 | 0259 |SUDAN Rebia - interval signal // 7200.  Freq. was   
                     |then covered by Spain & UK stations.                 
  1305   | 22 | 0355 |SPAIN RNE5 - good, SS // 1098 & 1125.                
  1313   | 23 | 0451 |ANGOLA Lubango -rhythmic mx poor;Norway-1314 phased  
  1314   | 23 | 1615 |NORWAY Kvitsoy - fading in at 1615, good audio
                     |(NN talk) by 1642.  Station audible at least
                     |17.5 hours (!) a day.                                
  1314   | 25 | 1045 |NORWAY Kvitsoy - poor to fair w/ m in NN at 1045;
                     |faded to just carrier at 1100.                       
  1314   | 22 | 0001 |SPAIN RNE5 - fair, "Radio Nacional de Espana" ID, 
                     |mixing with Norway station.                          
  1323   | 22 | 0540 |GERMANY Nauen - relay of R. Moscow EE service        
  1323   | 23 | 0531 |GERMANY Nauen - EE news (R. Moscow relay), good      
  1325   | 23 | 2038 |MOROCCO Safi - good w/ soft mx.                      
  1332   | 21 | 2227 |ITALY Rome - RAI: good with talk in II.              
  1332   | 23 | 2037 |ITALY Rome et al. - m&f II talk, good.               
  1332   | 24 | 2302 |ENGLAND Lacock - BBC Wiltshire Sound: Wx and into 
                     |"Late Night" pgm w/ Beatles song.  Found BBC 
                     |R. Bristol // (1548) indicating the South and West 
                     |net pgm.  O/u Italy.  Listed 300 watts !  SIO 232    
  1341   | 22 | 0335 |SPAIN SER - good, SS // 1584.                        
  1341   | 22 | 0312 |NORTHERN IRELAND Lisnagarvey - BBC good w/ EE talk,
                     |then "A Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong.         
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 16 **

  1341   | 22 | 2109 |NORTHERN IRELAND Lisnagarvey - good, BBC news w/
                     |feature length report from Scotland Yard on crime 
                     |and drugs.                                           
  1341   | 22 | 2124 |HUNGARY Lakihegy - Magyar R.: Ella Fitzgerald 
                     |singing "I've Got Plenty of Nothing" (//1188, 
                     |1251). Brutal QRM (N. Ireland), SIO 222-1            
  1349   | 22 | 0003 |MAURITANIA Nouakchott - AA-sounding talk             
  1350   | 23 | 2030 |FRANCE Nancy / Nice - France-Inter: FF football play-
                     |by-play: Monaco was creaming someone 5-0. SIO 433    
  1350   | 23 | 2030 |LATVIA Cesvaine / Kuldiga - Latvijas R.: Initially 
                     |poor behind France w/ news (?), ID at 2032, 
                     |short mx, f announcer intro'ed rock & then 
                     |classical mx.  SIO 222                               
  1359   | 23 | 0533 |SPAIN Arganda - Moorish - influenced SS vocal        
  1367   | 22 | 0038 |ANGOLA Luanda - f PP talk, poor to fair              
  1368   | 22 | 2029 |POLAND Krakow - Polskie R.: m in Polish (// 1305), 
                     |losing channel to Manx R.  SIO 333                   
  1368   | 22 | 0600 |ISLE OF MAN Foxdale - Manx R. ID's, good             
  1368   | 22 | 2032 |ISLE OF MAN Foxdale - Manx R.: m DJ intro'ed pgm. 
                     |of soft rock. Increasing strength, SIO 333           
  1375   | 22 | 0329 |ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON - RFO: xlnt, FF talk and 
                     |jazz music.  Groundwave is good all day here.        
  1377   | 23 | 0248 |FRANCE Lille - jazz // 1404                          
  1377   | 22 | 2341 |PORTUGAL Canidelo - m in PP fair w/St.Pierre phased  
  1377   | 23 | 0310 |UKRAINE - rock mx on network // 972, 1242, 1404      
  1378a  | 23 | 0240 |unID - het against 1377 / 1380                       
  1386   | 21 | 2233 |RUSSIA/KALININGRAD Bolshakovo - xlnt, R. Moscow 
                     |World Service in EE.                                               
  1386   | 22 | 0400 |RUSSIA/KALININGRAD Bolshakovo - huge carrier turned 
                     |out to be this: s/on audio kicked in at 0400.                  
  1386   | 22 | 0355 |RUSSIA unID site - R. Moscow World Service audio
                     |from a second site was already in progress as the 
                     |Bolshakovo 2.5MW big rig ran OC (before coming on w/
                     |the same pgm // the weaker site at 0400).            
  1395   | 21 | 2237 |ALBANIA Lushnje - good, religion in EE from 
                     |TransWorld Radio.                                    
  1395   | 23 | 0538 |ALBANIA Lushnje - eastern European lang. talk, loud  
  1404   | 23 | 0248 |FRANCE - jazz // 1377                                
  1404   | 23 | 0303 |IRAN Rasht - Farsi talk // 5995; u/ Ukraine          
  1404   | 22 | 2300 |UKRAINE Kotovsk et al. - 5 pips, Slav talk briefly
                     |atop w/ France nulled.  UnID SS in there, too.       
  1404   | 23 | 0310 |UKRAINE Kotovsk et al. - rock mx // 972,1242,1377    
  1413   | 22 | 0326 |SPAIN RNE5 - fair, SS // 1098.                       
  1413   | 22 | 0035 |unID (prob. YUGOSLAVIA) - AA vocal, faded u/ Spain   
  1413   | 24 | 1839 |YUGOSLAVIA/KOSOVO - R. Pristina: Pops, chat about 
                     |football and Michael Jordan in Albanian, news
                     |from 1900 to 1902, then classical mx. SIO 433        
  1413   | 24 | 1900 |OMAN Masirah Island - BBC Relay: BBC World Service
                     |news QRMing Kosovo. SIO 322                          
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 17 **

  1422   | 22 | 2000 |ALGERIA Algiers - EE ID "National Service of 
                     |Radio Algeria"; very good                            
  1422   | 24 | 1922 |ALGERIA Algiers - Radiodif. Algerienne:  Thickly 
                     |accented EE with press reviews from the newspapers 
                     |Mujahid and Liberte. SIO 343                         
  1422   | 24 | 2132 |ALGERIA Algiers - FF ID "R. National" o/ GG 
                     |on Afro-wire                                         
  1422   | 24 | 2132 |GERMANY Heusweiler - GG talk u/ Algeria              
  1431   | 21 | 2153 |UKRAINE Mykolayiv: Ukrainian R.: ID and news
                     |items mentioning Yasser Arafat, Serbia, and 
                     |Kashmir.  SIO 444                                    
  1431   | 22 | 2101 |UKRAINE - loud w/ m&f Slavic talk                    
  1431   | 21 | 2155 |ENGLAND unID stn: m w/Brit. accent intro'ed 
                     |Olivia Newton-John song. Far u/ Ukraine, SIO 222     
  1440   | 22 | 2013 |LUXEMBOURG Marnach - RL: II financial news, then 
                     |entertainment news.  SIO 344                         
  1440   | 22 | 2022 |SAUDI ARABIA Damman - good, AA talk,// 1521 & 9870.  
  1449   | 23 | 2101 |ITALY Squinzano et al. - RAI: II sports play-by-
                     |play in a mess.  SIO 222                             
  1449   | 22 | 2032 |IRAN Bandar Turkaman - briefly o/ Italy w/ chant, 
                     |talk, occasional string mx: 2032-2036; also heard 
                     |at 2245 GMT.                                         
  1449   | 25 | 0018 |IRAN Bandar Turkaman - mideast wailing u/UK/Italy    
  1449   | 23 | 2100 |MOLDOVA Chisinau - Moscow interval signal rising
                     |atop a QRM stew including (but not limited to) Iran,
                     |Italy, & UK locals.                                  
  1449   | 25 | 0019 |SCOTLAND - prob. R. 4, Redmoss: EE w/ BBC
                     |WS (// 198).  QRM from Italy / Iran, SIO 232         
  1458   | 22 | 0549 |ENGLAND - Greater London R. gave ID, mentioned 
                     |financial news, said to tune to 94.9 FM.             
  1458   | 24 | 0433 |ENGLAND - Greater London R.: Tape loop announcement
                     |telling listeners that GLR is no longer on the freq. 
                     |and they should re-tune to 94.9 FM; this was followed 
                     |by a 1000 Hz tone.  U/ stn w/ BBC WS, SIO 222        
  1458   | 24 | 2147 |ENGLAND - Greater Manchester R.: O/ a mess 
                     |including the Albanian and the GLR tape-loop 
                     |announcement.  C&W song, "G-M-R Country" slogan 
                     |over the end of it, then talk about parole 
                     |violations. SIO 322                                  
  1467   | 22 | 2030 |FRANCE Roumoules - light mx o/ Moldova               
  1467   | 22 | 2030 |MOLDOVA Grigoriopol - f RR talk a bit u/ France      
  1475   | 24 | 2200 |BENIN Cotonou - poor w/ m FF talk, then mx // 4870   
  1476   | 22 | 2230 |AUSTRIA Wien-Bisamberg - strong w/ gypsy mx, 
                     |then GG talk.                                        
  1476   | 22 | 2246 |AUSTRIA Wien-Bisamberg - xlnt, electronic mx, 
                     |GG talk.                                             
  1476   | 24 | 2245 |AUSTRIA Wien-Bisamberg: 2 men in GG talked about   
                     |modern mx, then avant-garde classical guitar work
                     |was played.  SIO 444                                 
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 18 **

  1476   | 22 | 0607 |ENGLAND Guildford - County Sound R. ID, Elton John
                     |song // 1521.                                         
  1476   | 24 | 2351 |ENGLAND Guildford - County Sound R.: Deep fades, 
                     |heard "on County Sound", played song "On Broadway" 
                     |(// 1521). SIO 332  also 25 OCT at 0201: "American 
                     |Pie" by Don McLean, clear ID, more mx (// 1521 
                     |was audible, but badly mauled by Saudi Arabia). 
                     |1000 Hz het (Benin - 1475) notched, SIO 333          
  1476   | 22 | 0241 |UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubai - to fair peaks w/ 
                     |Koran recitation // 11945; 0241-0248 GMT             
  1476   | 23 | 0215 |UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubai - string interval mx 
                     |// 11945 just before s/on.  S/on w/ AA talk
                     |occurred prior to 0230 GMT.                          
  1485   | 21 | 2345 |SPAIN SER - weak, SS // 1584.                        
  1485   | 22 | 0235 |ENGLAND unID site - Brit.EE o/u Spain +also at 1940   
  1485   | 25 | 0515 |ENGLAND unID site - 2 Brits w/ echo - BBC news //
                     |Bermuda - 1160; mixed w/ Spain                       
  1485   | 22 | 0705 |ENGLAND Carlisle (?) - m&f in EE w/ BBC news // 198;                 
                     |clobbered by stronger 1485 Spain graveyarders +       
                     |also noted 23 OCT @ 0315, 24 OCT @ 0706-0708         
  1485   | 24 | 0730 |ENGLAND Hull - R. Humberside noted w/ mention of                 
                     |95.9 FM; poor to fair w/ Spain & other British stn.  
  1492.7 | 22 | 2020 |unID [also at 22 OCT @ 2100 + 23 OCT @ 2209 + 24 OCT
                     | @ 2050]: AA talk & wild AA mx at times.  This might 
                     |be the 1492.7 station heard in 1991 and thought to 
                     |be Ivory Coast.  Note that signals then noted on 
                     |1492.7 and 1493 were presumed to be the same 
                     |station.  We now think that the one on 1492.7 
                     |might be a Moroccan because of fade times and 
                     |a recollection by Neil of an off-freq. station 
                     |that was once (though not currently) listed as 
                     |in Marrakech. (Ideas anyone ?)                       
  1493   | 24 | 2050 |unID 1493.0 carrier on Afro-wire, different signal  
                     |from that noted on 1492.7.  Ivory Coast ?            
  1494   | 21 | 2146 |RUSSIA Sankt-Peterburg - R. Moscow: World Service
                     |in EE w/ pgm. of folk mx.  SIO 444                   
  1494   | 23 | 2315 |JORDAN Al Karanah - R. Jordan: Weak Koran, m in AA 
                     |// 801, anthem to s/off at 2330:30.  SIO 242         
  1502   | 24 | 2035 |ANGOLA - E. P. do Benguela - man in PP, poor w/ 
                     |1503 QRM.  Another weak carrier on 1502.4: Togo ?    
  1503   | 22 | 0725 |AZORES Lajes - good in EE, C&W music, Navy and Air 
                     |Force PSA's, CNN Headline Sports at 0732.            
  1503   | 23 | 0403 |AZORES Lajes - AFRTS good w/ US EE news              
  1503   | 23 | 0922 |AZORES Lajes - US news, sports; fair through the    
                     |WTOP slop as late as 0930.                           
  1503   | 22 | 0530 |ENGLAND Stoke-on-Trent - ID "BBC Radio Stoke"        
  1512   | 22 | 0520 |BELGIUM Wolvertem - f vocal // 927; WSSH phased      
  1512   | 23 | 0105 |SAUDI ARABIA Jeddah - loud w/ m AA Koran chanting    
  1521   | 22 | 0521 |SPAIN - SS talk                                      
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 19 **

  1521   | 24 | 2254 |SAUDI ARABIA Duba - Koran recitation LOUD // 900     
  1521   | 22 | 0606 |ENGLAND Reigate - County Sound R. ID o/ Spain        
  1521   | 24 | 2355 |ENGLAND Reigate - County Sound R.: Oldies w/out 
                     |announcements...Beach Boys, Petula Clark (// 1476). 
                     |Deep fades, Spanish QRM, SIO 333-2                   
  1530   | 22 | 0309 |SAO TOME - VOA: fair, news in EE with reports on 
                     |Somalia and Rwanda, African service // 7405.         
  1530   | 22 | 0715 |ENGLAND unID local w/ oldies, EE talk; swamped by 
                     |the 1-2 punch of Vatican & WCKY. + at 22 OCT @ 2220  
  1530   | 23 | 0750 |ENGLAND Huddersfield - EE talk mentioning Bradford
                     |film festival after Monday, ID "Classic Gold,
                     |Huddersfield", through residual (fading) Vatican 
                     |QRM w/ WCKY phased                                   
  1530   | 22 | 0300 |IRAQ (t: clandestine) - chanting poor to fair in 
                     |mix w/ VOA Sao Tome.  Jean has previously logged 
                     |this from St. John's.  Jammer w/ low freq. noise 
                     |(100 - 200 Hz) also noted  
  1530   | 22 | 2222 |VATICAN - religious mx bombing out a British local  
                     |we were trying to ID                                 
  1539   | 23 | 2220 |GERMANY Mainflingen - DW foreign service             
  1544   | 23 | 2216 |SAHARAN ARAB REPUBLIC (t: clandestine) - m AA talk     
  1548   | 22 | 1931 |ENGLAND Bristol - ads, game results w/ Bristol City 
                     |football team: they played to a 1-1 draw; then
                     |teletalk - LOCAL-LIKE !                              
  1548   | 23 | 0630 |ENGLAND Bristol -BBC R. Bristol: ID & news. SIO 333  
  1548   | 23 | 0800 |ENGLAND BBC Bristol & Somerset Sound mentions, news,
                     |"That's It for Weekend West" after wx., 9:00 time-
                     |check.  Other British QRM present.                   
  1548   | 24 | 0100 |ENGLAND London - Capital Gold: ID at TOH u/ BBC stn 
                     |w/ World Service.  SIO 222                           
  1548   | 23 | 0135 |unID (probably SRI LANKA): Deutsche Welle pgm of  
                     |French mx ("Milord" by Edith Piaf) //6075 seemed 
                     |to be in there for 5-10 sec. u/ British locals       
  1548   | 23 | 1930 |unID (probably SRI LANKA): Quest for DW Trincomalee: 
                     |mellow US soul f vocal, then apparent bits of Mary 
                     |Hopkin song (//6075) through the Brits.  Signal was 
                     |followed from 1930-2000; it was threshold at best 
                     |(or imaginary).                                      
  1557   | 22 | 1950 |MALTA Cyclops - good, AA-style mx, // 9515.          
  1557   | 23 | 2159 |MALTA Cyclops - Deutsche Welle IS good o/ others     
  1557   | 23 | 0822 |ENGLAND Northampton - Northampton mention, phone 
                     |call, 9:22 time check, oldies; fair in WQEW slop     
  1557   | 23 | 2244 |ENGLAND Northampton - Northants. Supergold: 
                     |Briefly o/ the other weak signals w/ 2 "Supergold" 
                     |ID's. SIO 222                                        
  1557   | 22 | 0700 |FRANCE Nice - good, rooster crow marking top-of-
                     |the-hour, news in FF.                                
  1557   | 23 | 2150 |LITHUANIA Vilnius - US MoR mx, talk // 9710;
                     |briefly o/ Malta / France / UK / possible others     
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 20 **

  1566   | 22 | 0745 |AZORES Vila do Porto - good, s/on with anthem.       
  1566   | 22 | 2025 |AZORES Vila do Porto -  Em. do Clube Asas do 
                     |Atlantico: PP pop song, then m ancr in PP talked 
                     |to a child called Marie-Lise.  Huge signal, but had
                     |been inaudible on the previous evening, SIO 544      
  1566   | 23 | 0930 |AZORES Vila do Porto - PP in at this late time       
  1566   | 21 | 2329 |BELARUS R. Moscow synchros: Mayak IS noted
                     |in a mess, and also more clearly at 2359 and
                     |at 0029 (21 OCT).  SIO 221                           
  1566   | 21 | 2332 |INDIA Nagpur - AIR: Initially very weak with bits 
                     |of audio in presumed Hindi, Indian film mx faded 
                     |in and out 2355-0020, ID's at 0029 were muffled, 
                     |Indian-accented EE news was followed by sports 
                     |(boxing, football), lost or likely off at 0041 
                     |on 22 OCT.  SIO 222-1                                
  1566   | 25 | 0038 |INDIA Nagpur - AIR: Indian-accented EE news by 
                     |woman, u/ Azores                                     
  1566   | 21 | 2341 |IRAN Bandar-Abbas - IRIB: Fade up w/ talk in Farsi, 
                     |bits of audio during next half hour.  SIO 222-1      
  1566   | 21 | 2325 |TUNISIA Sfax - xlnt, Koranic chants followed by 
                     |s/off in FF at 2327.                                 
  1566   | 23 | 2157 |TUNISIA Sfax - heavy drumming, violins, AA vocal at
                     |fairly low audio level on very strong carrier.       
  1575   | 24 | 0458 |ITALY RAI R. Uno, synchros: Weird dripping noise, 
                     |then RAI and "Radio Uno" ID's in II, pips at 0500 
                     |and romantic mx. Over Spain, SIO 433                 
  1575   | 22 | 2228 |ITALY - RAI fair, II talk with "RAI" ID, o/u Spain.  
  1575   | 21 | 2339 |SPAIN SER - good, SS teletalk.                       
  1575   | 22 | 2230 |SPAIN - SER good, "La cadena SER" jingle and 
                     |"deportivo" (sports) report, over Italy.             
  1584   | 21 | 2341 |SPAIN SER - xlnt, SS // 1575, noticeable echo from 
                     |delay between network stations on the same freq.     
  1584   | 24 | 0005 |ENGLAND unID sites - 3 different UK local stations: 
                     |one w/ oldies/MoR,one w/ EE news,one w/ Eagles song  
  1593   | 22 | 0300 |GERMANY Langenberg -  xlnt, instrumental mx leading 
                     |up to time marker and top-of-the-hour ID.            
  1593   | 23 | 2122 |EGYPT Matruh - Egyptian R.: Koran chant 
                     |u/ Germany.  SIO 222                                 
  1602   | 21 | 2343 |SPAIN SER - good, SS // 1584.                        
  1618.2 | 23 | ---- |HOLLAND  unID stn (Pirate): Freq slowly drifted 
                     |up; hokey Dutch mx and C&W tunes; no announcements
                     |so no ID!  Some deep fades and CW QRM, SIO 222      
                     |Early evening reception.  Exact times not reported
                     |per requests of some of these stations.              
  1638   | 23 | ---- |HOLLAND  R. Barones (Pirate): For about 
                     |1 hour heard old-fashioned Dutch mx, Bonanza 
                     |theme, and 4 or 5 "Baro" ID's, then US pop mx. 
                     |Best signal ever for a TA pirate, SIO 343.  See 
                     |notes of 1618.2 regarding reception times.           
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 21 **

     Pan-American DX from the Newfoundland DXpedition / OCT 1993
  
  FREQ.  |DAY | TIME |LOCATION, PROGRAM DETAILS
---------|----|------|-------------------------------------------------------
   535   | 22 | 0122 |GRENADA St. George's-fair to good w/ m in Carib. EE  
   535   | 23 | 0349 |GRENADA St. George's - fair, reggae mx; R. Vision       
                     |Christiana phased.                                    
   535   | 23 | 0348 |TURKS & CAICOS - SS religion atop Grenada.            
   555   | 22 | 0123 |ST. KITTS & NEVIS Basseterre - ZIZ - m&f in EE.       
   555   | 23 | 0350 |ST. KITTS & NEVIS Basseterre - ZIZ - good; reggae       
                     |and urban mx.                                         
   560   | 24 | 0222 |JAMAICA Kingston - JBC: fair, reggae mx including       
                     |the EE version of "Me Vacila (Reggae Fever)".         
   560   | 25 | 0909 |GUYANA Georgetown - V. of Guyana: Badly QRMed by        
                     |CHVO, local announcements, Hindi mx. SIO 422          
   595   | 22 | 0259 |DOMINICA Hillsborough - Carib. EE talk w/ VOCM slop   
   600   | 23 | 2133 |BRAZIL Porto Alegre - ZYK278 - R. Gaucha: fair,         
                     |news in PP by m&f anchors.                            
   600   | 25 | 0257 |BRAZIL Porto Alegre - ZYK278 - R. Gaucha: PP talk       
                     |w/ list of frequencies, Porto Alegre mention, then      
                     |R. Gaucha ID u/ CBNA St. Anthony, NF                  
   600   | 25 | 0757 |BRAZIL Porto Alegre - ZYK278 - R. Gaucha: Up            
                     |briefly over CKCL w/ ID and freqs.  VOCM-590            
                     |phased to reduce splatter, SIO 322                    
   600   | 23 | 0636 |VENEZUELA unID stn: Lottery numbers, mentioned          
                     |Valencia, hyper DJ w/ Venezuelan mx.  Became            
                     |useless before an ID. SIO 322-1                       
   600   | 23 | 2143 |VENEZUELA - R.Mundial: poor to fair, news and           
                     |sports, "Radio Mundial" IDs, many mentions of           
                     |Caracas, unID xmtr site.                              
   610   | 24 | 0701 |BRAZIL unID stn: Stn in PP under CHNC, but ID's         
                     |garbled by QRM. SIO 222-1                             
   640   | 23 | 0620 |GUADELOUPE Pointe a Pitre - RFO fair, m&f in FF,        
                     |// 1375, o/u Cuba.                                    
   640   | 23 | 0626 |GUADELOUPE Pointe a Pitre - RFO good w/ m&f FF          
                     |talk // French Guiana - 1070 & St. Pierre - 1375.     
   640   | 24 | 0740 |GUADELOUPE Pointe a Pitre - RFO: m FF talk, possibly    
                     |w/ wx. summary for France.  It was only noted when  
                     |massive "Portenas 6-40" had no mx.  SIO 222-1.        
   640   | 23 | 0416 |ECUADOR Quito - HCXY1 - R. Nacional: Two                
                     |"R. Nacional" ID's, SS talk re terrorism in Ecuador        
                     |and support for the Armed Forces by the Ecuadoran       
                     |people ... reception deteriorated as Cuba became        
                     |stronger.  SIO 232                                    
   640   | 23 | 0430 |CUBA Guanabacoa / Las Tunas - R. Progreso good,         
                     |"La Habana" ID and salsa / tropical mx.               
   640   | 23 | 0455 |CUBA Guanabacoa / Las Tunas - R. Progreso ID good o/    
                     |others w/ Spain - 639 het notched; CBN off.           
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 22 **

   640   | 23 | 0458 |CUBA Guanabacoa et al. - R. Progreso: Emerging          
                     |over Ecuador, sports news and ID. SIO 332             
   640   | 24 | 0738 |VENEZUELA Puerto la Cruz - YVQO - Portenas 640:         
                     |SS ballad over v. weak Guadeloupe, ID at                
                     |0740:30. SIO 444                                      
   660   | 22 | 0300 |ST. LUCIA Castries - jazz, ID "Radio St. Lucia";        
                     |good, o/ WFAN.                                        
   660   | 22 | 2149 |ST. LUCIA Castries - R. St. Lucia: Caribbean -          
                     |accented ads and local PSA's.  SIO 333                
   660   | 24 | 0219 |ST.LUCIA Castries - fair, continuous soca mx.        
   670   | 22 | 0329 |VENEZUELA Caracas - YVLL - loud w/ Rumbos      
                     |doorbells, SS news.                                   
   670   | 25 | 0309 |VENEZUELA Caracas - YVLL - chimes, "Notirumbos       
                     |Informa" news pgm; xlnt                               
   670   | 23 | 0740 |ARGENTINA Mar del Plata - LRI209 - SS talk, mx,           
                     |R. Mar del Plata ID.                                  
   670   | 23 | 0740 |ARGENTINA Mar del Plata - LRI209 - fair, "Radio         
                     |Mar del Plata" ID in SS talk, Argentinian mx. +      
                     |also heard tentatively on 25 OCT @ 0743-0820.         
   673a  | 22 | 0305 |CANADA Grand Falls, NF - (domestic spur) C&W mx., 
                     |raspy audio of CKXG (680).  Signal on 680 was 
                     |actually getting wiped by WRKO some of the time !     
   690   | 22 | 0306 |ANGUILLA - The Valley - Carib. Beacon - EE preaching:   
                     |XLNT. + also good OCT 25 @ 0310                       
   700   | 24 | 0213 |VENEZUELA Puerto Ordaz - YVPQ - R. Sur: xlnt,           
                     |"Radio Sur" ID and salsa / merengue / rap mx.         
   700   | 25 | 0304 |unID - SS "Radio 700" slogan, SS mx - Venezuelan ?    
   720   | 23 | 0210 |VENEZUELA Porlamar - YVQE - R.Felicidad: fair,          
                     |"720 AM" IDs, SS tropical mx.                         
   730   | 23 | 0554 |MEXICO Mexico City - XEX - good o/u CKAC, Mexican       
                     |festival promo, "La Super X" ID,anthem before 0600.   
   730   | 23 | 0900 |TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Port of Spain - fair, Hindu or        
                     |Islamic prayers and mx, woman w/ heavy Caribbean        
                     |EE accent, over CKAC.                                 
   740   | 22 | 2356 |BRAZIL Salvador - ZYH446 - R. Sociadad da Bahia:       
                     |ID and basketball play-by-play. QRM from local          
                     |CHCM, SIO 333                                         
   740   | 23 | 0839 |VENEZUELA Puerto Ordaz - YVNQ - R. Caroni: fair,        
                     |many IDs, local mx, UTC-4 time checks, o/u CHCM.      
   750   | 24 | 0339 |VENEZUELA Caracas - YVKS - R. Caracas: good,            
                     |"Radio Caracas Radio, Red Nacional de Noticias"        
                     |news and commentaries.                                
   750   | 24 | 0728 |BRAZIL Belo Horizonte - ZYL213 - R. America:            
                     |PP ads, "Radio America" ID at 0729, more ads,           
                     |then mx.  O/ another unID ZY w/ news, SIO 332         
   760   | 23 | 0611 |CUBA Las Mercedes / Guanabacoa - R. Reloj pgm         
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 23 **

   760   | 23 | 0912 |VENEZUELA Puerto la Cruz - YVQQ - R. Doble Q:           
                     |0912 good, ID with UTC-4 time check "Cinco-y-           
                     |doce Doble Q".                                        
   760   | 22 | 0133 |GUYANA Georgetown -8RG-Hindu mx, accented EE; fair.         
   760   | 23 | 2200 |GUYANA Georgetown - 8RG - good, EE talk, Hindu          
                     |style mx, mention of FM.                              
   760   | 25 | 0843 |GUYANA Georgetown - R. Roraima: Guitar solo IS          
                     |until 0857 when had choral anthem, pledge to            
                     |Guyana and at 0859 nice s/on announcement and           
                     |ID, C&W song. SIO 444                                 
   770   | 22 | 0417 |COLOMBIA Bogota HJJX - RCN net news in SS             
   770   | 23 | 0914 |COLOMBIA Bogota - RCN: good w/ news, "Radio             
                     |Cadena Nacional... de Colombia la nuestra" ID.        
   800   | 23 | 0400 |NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Bonaire - PJB - good,              
                     |religion in EE, then s/off with anthem at 0401.       
   810   | 23 | 0922 |COLOMBIA Bogota - HJCY - CARACOL: fair, many            
                     |mentions of Colombia in political discussion.         
   820   | 21 | 2306 |VENEZUELA (t) - R. Vision ID, salsa mx; good,           
   820   | 23 | 0928 |VENEZUELA Coro - YVXG - R. Guadalupana: good,           
                     |"por Guadalupana... la diferencia" and "la              
                     |emisora numero uno en Falcon" promo IDs.              
   840   | 23 | 0934 |COLOMBIA Neiva - HJKK - fair with "Doble K" IDs.      
   840   | 23 | 2140 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK687 - R. Bandeirantes:            
                     |good, PP talk, "Goaaaal!" futbol promo, ID.           
   840   | 25 | 0324 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK687 - Bandeirantes ID,         
                     |then romantic PP song; xlnt                           
   840   | 25 | 0252 |BRAZIL - probably Sao Paulo - PP mentioned song 
                     |"Ma Cherie Amour", then faded u/ SS LA                
   850   | 25 | 0216 |URUGUAY Montevideo - CX16 - 2 men in SS, several        
                     |Montevideo mentions, something "para el Uruguay"      
   850   | 25 | 0409 |URUGUAY Montevideo - CX16 - xlnt w/ "R. Carve de        
                     |Montevideo" ID                                        
   860   | 24 | 0335 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ459 - R. Mundial:            
                     |xlnt, "...do Mundial" promo in PP talk.               
   870   | 22 | 0345 |COLOMBIA Barranquilla - HJSB - R. Mar Caribe:           
                     |O/ Argentina w/ fast-paced Colombian football           
                     |talk.  SIO 333                                        
   870   | 23 | 0216 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LRA1 - R. Nacional:            
                     |Mixing w/ other stn in SS (w/ baseball game             
                     |Los Caimanes versus ??); Argentinian mx, ads for        
                     |show in BA and for "Medicor-Argentina". SIO 322       
   870   | 24 | 0320 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LRA1 - R. Nacional:            
                     |good, classical/SS orchestral mx, news at 0330.       
   870   | 25 | 0213 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LRA1 - R. Nacional:            
                     |huge w/ SS talk mentioning "para todo los ...           
                     |de Argentina".                                        
   880   | 23 | 0434 |VENEZUELA Puerto Ordaz - YVYM - Mundial 880:            
                     |Sports results in SS under WCBS. SIO 322;             
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 24 **

   880   | 24 | 0753 |VENEZUELA Puerto Ordaz - YVYM - LA mx, "Mundial"        
                     |ID and jingles, more ads. Impossible without            
                     |phasing WCBS, SIO 322                                 
   885   | 24 | 0136 |MONTSERRAT Plymouth - ZJB - fair, soca mx including     
                     |the hit single "I Love Soca".                         
   885   | 25 | 0212 |MONTSERRAT Plymouth - ZJB - big OC noted here 
                     |12 minutes after their 0200 GMT s/off.                
   890   | 25 | 0905 |VENEZUELA El Tigre - YVVO - R. Oriente: ID and          
                     |tail-end of s/on announcement, Venezuelan harp          
                     |mx and untalented singing. SIO 333                    
   895   | 24 | 0131 |ST.KITTS & NEVIS Charlestown - VON:  poor to fair;      
                     |dancehall reggae mx.                                  
   900   | 24 | 0647 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ454 - R. Tamoio:             
                     |Brazilian ballads, "Tamoio" ID at 0656. SIO 333       
   900   | 25 | 0904 |VENEZUELA Maracaibo - YVMD - R. Mara: "Hora Super       
                     |Radio" TC, lottery results. SIO 433                   
   940   | 22 | 0350 |BRAZIL - m PP talk                                    
   940   | 24 | 0850 |CUBA Colon / Holguin - Reloj ticks, SS news,       
                     |Morse "RR" (.-. .-.) pips each minute through     
                     |unID SS LA & WINZ (FL)                                
   950   | 24 | 0933 |CUBA Sancti Spiritus CMHI - Reloj ticks, SS news,       
                     |Morse "RR" (.-. .-.) pips each minute mixed w/ YVKG     
                     |w/ CHER phased                                        
   950   | 23 | 0630 |VENEZUELA Caracas YVKG - Venezuela news o/u CHER.     
   950   | 23 | 0320 |VENEZUELA Caracas - YVKG - Informativa 950:             
                     |Venezuelan political news, ID and TC at 0325.           
                     |O/ other SS stns, SIO 433                             
   950   | 24 | 0844 |VENEZUELA Caracas - YVKG - Venezuela news in SS         
                     |o/u CHER.                                             
   960   | 25 | 0920 |VENEZUELA Maturin - YVRB - R. Monagas: Announcement     
                     |for Monagas, Venezuelan mx.  O/ CHNS, SIO 444         
   980   | 24 | 0106 |BRAZIL Brasilia - ZYH707 - R. Nacional: poor,           
                     |news in PP, "Radio Nacional" promo.                   
   980   | 25 | 0817 |BRAZIL Brasilia - ZYH707 - R. Nacional: CBV and         
                     |a stn in SS faded down to reveal this w/ PP ads,        
                     |clear jingles, cock-crows and "Radio Brasileira         
                     |Federal" ID. SIO 333                                  
  1020   | 22 | 0035 |TURKS & CAICOS - talk "Caribbean Christian Radio    
                     |from the island of Grand Turk", gospel; good,o/YVRS  
  1024.5 | 22 | 0359 |COSTA RICA (t) - Very weak w/ man talk, too poor        
                     |to have a chance to determine language, much less ID,   
                     |however a Costa Rican is known to be here. SIO 131    
  1030   | 23 | 0808 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LS10 - R. del Plata:           
                     |good, "Radio Noticias del Plata" local news and         
                     |wx., "mil-treinta AM" ID.                             
  1030   | 24 | 0122 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LS10 - R. del Plata:           
                     |good, classical mx, o/u Brazilian station.            
  1030   | 25 | 0204 |ARGENTINA Buenos Aires - LS10 - R. del Plata ID;        
                     |huge signal on Brazil-Bev that nulled WBZ.            
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 25 **

  1030   | 22 | 0018 |BRAZIL unID city - PP heard at 0018 & 0040, no ID's;    
                     |o/u Argentina / WBZ.                                  
  1030   | 24 | 0110 |BRAZIL unID city -  0110-0400+ good/xlnt, non-stop      
                     |PP talk, sounded like preaching/religion, never any     
                     |hint of an ID.                                        
  1040   | 21 | 2252 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK537 - PP talk, very good.       
  1040   | 22 | 0033 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK537 - almost local-like w/    
                     |Capital Brazil slogans, Jornal Capital mentions.     
  1040   | 24 | 0251 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK537 - R. Capital: xlnt,           
                     |"La Capital" IDs, "...aqui en la capital" and           
                     |Sao Paulo mentions in PP talk.                        
  1040   | 24 | 0801 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo - ZYK537 - R. Capital: Humungous       
                     |signal w/ "Capital" ID's. SIO 455                     
  1070   | 23 | 0524 |FRENCH GUIANA Cayenne - m FF talk // 162 Allouis.       
                     |Signal u/ CBA OC, o/ SS LA & CHOK.                    
  1070   | 23 | 0625 |FRENCH GUIANA Cayenne - RFO fair, FF // 1375 & 640.   
  1100   | 22 | 0428 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo ZYK694 - loud w/ PP ads for            
                     |things in Sao Paulo.                                  
  1100   | 22 | 0427 |ANTIGUA St. John's - ZDK - Carib. EE, soul 
                     |mx behind Brazil                                      
  1100.3 | 22 | 2342 |COLOMBIA ? unID stn: Poor w/ mx, after song male        
                     |ancr in SS mentioned Bogota. Deep, long fades,          
                     |SIO 242                                               
  1110   | 22 | 2331 |VENEZUELA Carupano - YVQT - R. Carupano: Anuncios       
                     |w/ Rumbos-style doorbells between items, local          
                     |news called "Noti-Carupano".  SIO 344                 
  1120   | 22 | 0113 |BRAZIL Porto Alegre - ZYK274 - PP "Radio 1120" ID, 
                     |fanfare, then love song.                             
  1130   | 23 | 0620 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ460 good w/ PP               
                     |talk; WBBR (NYC) phased.                              
  1130   | 23 | 0503 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ460 - R. Nacional:           
                     |PP talk and ID u/ WBBR.  SIO 322                      
  1150   | 25 | 0529 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo ZYK656 - ID "Tupi, La Musica",        
                     |then romantic PP f vocal, "Tupi" ID at 0532           
  1150   | 22 | 0200 |BRAZIL unID site - PP, taped for later analysis       
  1150   | 25 | 0421 |BRAZIL unID site - PP talk                            
  1160   | 22 | 0205 |BERMUDA Hamilton VSB3 - BBC news atop 1161 het        
  1160   | 25 | 0020 |BERMUDA Hamilton VSB3 - BBC news; good-almost alone   
  1170   | 22 | 0416 |COLOMBIA Cartagena - HJNW - good, "la compania          
                     |CARACOL" promo, o/u WWVA.                             
  1180   | 22 | 0213 |CUBA Villa Maria - R. Taino: fair, Cuban big band       
                     |style mx, o/ WHAM.                                    
  1200   | 22 | 2055 |BRAZIL Fortaleza ZYH585 - PP talk good on Brazil-Bev;
                     |among the earliest sunset-period Brazilians fade-ins 
  1220   | 22 | 0050 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ458 - R. Globo: PP; xlnt   
  1230   | 25 | 0505 |BERMUDA Hamilton - ZFB w/ BBC news // 1160 when     
                     |checked 0505-0508; later had accented f in EE who
                     |mentioned ZFB and played MoR / adult-contemporary
                     |mx.  Poor to fair o/u SS LA's                        
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 26 **

  1230   | 25 | 0335 |COLOMBIA Cali - HJLK - SS talk, Colombia mention,    
                     |R. Calidad ID before fade u/ others.  Neil got this 
                     |very well on a recent trip to Costa Rica.            
  1230   | 25 | 0140 |VENEZUELA unID site - "La ... Radio AM", Venezuela       
                     |SS mentions (ads?), lively LA mx. o/ EE religion    
                     |(domestic ?) and PP (pres. Brazil)                   
  1240   | 25 | 0130 |unID - romantic SS mx o/ other SS LA's               
  1240   | 25 | 0228+|BRAZIL unID site - Neil chased this thing for quite 
                     |a while, but no ID.  Ads frequently noted mentioning 
                     |"La cidade" (the city). 25 OCT times: 0228-0232, 
                     |0238-0240, 0245-0247, 0324-0327, 0347-0352, 0415, 
                     |0500, 0539.                                          
  1260   | 25 | 0052 |BRAZIL Sao Paulo ZYK688-PP religion as heard in '91   
  1280   | 21 | 2257 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ455 - R. Tupi: excited       
                     |PP, atop CJMS.                                        
  1280   | 24 | 0400 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro - ZYJ455 - R. Tupi: xlnt,         
                     |"...domingo show do Tupi" PP pop mx.                  
  1290   | 25 | 0358 |VENEZUELA Puerto Cabello - YVLF - time check, SS mx 
                     |& EE oldies; very good.                               
  1300   | 22 | 0008 |BRAZIL Fortaleza -PP talk, sirens- better on 25 OCT  
  1300   | 25 | 0142 |BRAZIL Fortaleza - ZYH586 - right on freq. w/ PP
                     |talk, R. Iracema ID, jingle w/ fast sirens;o/SSLA's  
  1330   | 21 | 2310 |PUERTO RICO Penuelas - WENA - La Buena ID's, Puerto     
                     |Rico mentions.  Not a daytime-only station; it was  
                     |monitored from 2310 - 2350.  Disco ads w/ prices in
                     |dollars, "la hora diferente" mentions.               
  1350   | 25 | 0055 |PUERTO RICO Vega Baja - WEGA - SS religious pgm.,    
                     |mentioned Manati, SS W-E-G-A ID and "La Wega" slogan;
                     |0055-0059 GMT - then it faded into mess of SS LA's.  
  1360   | 25 | 0111 |BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro ZYJ464 -PP religion as in '91   
  1420   | 25 | 0354 |VENEZUELA Maracaibo - YVNZ - R. Marabina ID, live   
                     |SS mx faded up above the mess.                       
  1450   | 25 | 0502 |COLOMBIA Manizales HJNL - SS talk w/ many "RCN" 
                     |network ID's, Colombia mention, "Buenos Noches",
                     |then s/off at 0504 leaving unID C&W station.         
  1450   | 24 | 0234 |VENEZUELA Catia la Mar - YVKJ - R. Sonera 14-50:        
                     |fair, song about Venezuela, many "Sonera 14-50"         
                     |and Caracas mentions.                                 
  1450   | 25 | 0355 |VENEZUELA -probably YVKJ w/Venezuelan anthem in QRM  
  1470   | 23 | 2353 |VENEZUELA Carupano - YVSY - R. Vibracion: good,         
                     |baseball with many commercial announcements, like       
                     |"Banco Latino, banco de hoy".                         
  1480   | 24 | 0003 |PUERTO RICO Fajardo - WMDD - xlnt, 'boxeo' (boxing) 
                     |wrap-up, UTC-4 time check and ID "Esta es WMDD 
                     |Fajardo, Puerto Rico..."                              
  1500   | 23 | 0526 |VENEZUELA Cumana - YVRZ - R. Dos Mil: "En dos mil,      
                     |la una veinte y seis minutos" time check, o/ WTOP.    
  1500   | 25 | 0323 |VENEZUELA Cumana - YVRZ - "Dos Mil, la Senal de las     
                     |noventas", time check; very good o/ WTOP              
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 27 **

  1505   | 25 | 0110 |ANGUILLA The Valley - R. Anguilla to good peaks w/      
                     |reggae / Caribbean island instrumental & vocal mx     
  1520   | 24 | 0020 |PUERTO RICO San Juan - WRAI - good, salsa mx,           
                     |"Radio Aeropuerto Internacional" IDs.                 
  1550   | 23 | 0342 |BRAZIL  unID stn: PP talk mentioned Pernambuco,         
                     |but no stn from that state is listed on this            
                     |freq. SIO 222                                         
  1550   | 25 | 0030 |BRAZIL / unID - PP / SS mix; Neil taped it.          
  1550   | 22 | 0242 |COLOMBIA Barranquilla - HJCB - R. El Sol:               
                     |Initially two SS stns were mixing; vacuous chat,        
                     |finally ID'ed in a promo for their football             
                     |coverage and then I was surprised that they         
                     |went off w/ anthem at 0300*. SIO 333                  
  1550   | 25 | 0107 |COLOMBIA Barranquilla - HJCB - R. El Sol ID,            
                     |SS GMT-5 time check.                                  
  1570   | 22 | 0323 |DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo - HIAJ -               
                     |R. Amanecer Internacional: EE ID then religious         
                     |pgm. began, I think its name was "Real World            
                     |Story Hour". SIO 232                                  
  1571.7 | 23 | 0043 |BRAZIL Santo Andre, SP - ZYK651 (250 watts !) -         
                     |This was monitored on & off by Jean from 0043-0307:     
                     |Stable on this freq. (as it was when checked on
                     |subsequent nights); religious programming,            
                     |played the "Exodus" theme with canned ID's,             
                     |unequivocal "Radio Emissora A. B. C." ID's at 0122
                     |and 0300, Holy Rosary noted at 0234 and at 0301
                     |from this off-frequency Brazilian graveyarder.        
  1580   | 23 | 0224 |BRAZIL  unID stn: Initially alone on freq w/ ads        
                     |and Brazilian mx, but CBJ came up quickly to wipe       
                     |it out. SIO 232                                       
  1600   | 22 | 2205 |USA - Sag Harbor, NY - WLNG: While not actually          
                     |looking for domestics, this 500-watt daytimer           
                     |popped up (over WUNR) w/ ad for company on the          
                     |Montauk Highway, clear jingle ID, then "Bye-Bye         
                     |Love". SIO 322                                        
  1600   | 23 | 0658 |USA Brookline, MA - WUNR - good w/ R.Internacional      
                     |SS programming, "Nuevo Mundo" nightclub ad, EE          
                     |ID at 0700.                                           
  1610   | 23 | 0705 |ANGUILLA The Valley - EE talk.  "LGB TLX" &             
                     |"GCC1" CW beacon pests near channel - these 
                     |2 beacons are also audible at eastern MA QTH's.       
     
     ******************************************************************
 
   
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 28 **
     *** COUNTRIES LOGGED ON THE 1993 NEWFOUNDLAND DXPEDITION ***
   1|Albania                   | 1089 1395
   2|Algeria                   | 549 891 1422
   3|Angola                    | 1088 1115 1313 1367 1502
   4|Anguilla                  | 690 1505 1610
   5|Antigua & Barbuda         | 1100
   6|Argentina                 | 670 870 1030
   7|Austria                   | 1026 1476
   8|Azores                    | 693 828 909 1259 1503 1566
   9|Belarus                   | 1566
  10|Belgium                   | 540 927 1512
  11|Benin                     | 1475
  12|Bermuda                   | 1160 1230
  13|Brazil                    | 600 610 740 750 840 860 900 940 980 1030
                               | 1040 1100 1120 1130 1150 1200 1220 1240
                               | 1260 1280 1300 1360 1550 1571.7 1580
  14|Bulgaria                  | 576 828 864 1161 1224 1296
  15|Canada                    | many (locals 590 640 740 800 930 1210)
  16|Canary Islands            | 621 837 882 1008 1098 1179
  17|Channel Islands           | 1116
  18|Colombia                  | 770 810 840 870 1170 1230 1450 1550
  19|Croatia                   | 1125 1134
  20|Cuba                      | 640 760 940 950 1180
  21|Denmark                   | 1062
  22|Dominica                  | 595
  23|Dominican Republic        | 1570
  24|Ecuador                   | 640
  25|Egypt                     | 819 864 1107 1593
  26|England                   | 693 756 882 909 945 1053 1089 1116 1152 
                               | 1197 1242 1260 1296 1332 1431 1458 1476
                               | 1485 1503 1521 1530 1548 1557 1584
  27|Faroe Islands             | 531
  28|Finland                   | 963
  29|France                    | 675 945 1071 1161 1206 1242 1350 1377 
                               | 1404 1467 1557
  30|French Guiana             | 1070
  31|Germany                   | 666 756 873 936 972 1044 1107 1269 1323
                               | 1422 1539 1593
  32|Greece                    | 792 981(t) 1179(t)
  33|Grenada                   | 535
  34|Guadeloupe                | 640
  35|Guyana                    | 560 760
  36|Hungary                   | 540 873 1188 1251 1341
  37|India                     | 1566
  38|Iran                      | 1404 1449 1566
  39|Ireland                   | 567 612 729 1278
  40|Isle of Man               | 1368
  41|Italy                     | 846 900 1116 1332 1449 1575
  42|Jamaica                   | 560
  43|Jordan                    | 801 1494
  44|Latvia                    | 1350
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 29 **

  45|Lesotho                   | 1197
  46|Libya                     | 711 1251
  47|Lithuania                 | 1557
  48|Luxembourg                | 1440
  49|Madeira Islands           | 531
  50|Malta                     | 1557
  51|Mauritania                | 1349
  52|Mexico                    | 730
  53|Moldova                   | 1449 1467
  54|Montserrat                | 885
  55|Morocco                   | 594 819 1044 1053 1080 1188 1233 1325
  56|Neth. Antilles            | 800
  57|Netherlands               | 675 747 1618.2 1638
  58|Northern Ireland          | 1026 1341
  59|Norway                    | 1314
  60|Oman                      | 1242 1413
  61|Poland                    | 819 1206 1368
  62|Portugal                  | 567 666 720 783 891 963 981 1035 1170
                               | 1251 1377
  63|Puerto Rico               | 1330 1350 1480 1520
  64|Romania                   | 756 855 1053 1152 1179
  65|Russia, European          | 810 1089 1116 1494
  66|Russia / Kaliningrad      | 1143 1386
  67|Saint Kitts & Nevis       | 555 895
  68|Saint Lucia               | 660
  69|Saint Pierre et Miquelon  | 1375
  70|Sao Tome & Principe       | 1530
  71|Saudi Arabia              | 900 1440 1512 1521
  72|Scotland                  | 810 1035 1152 1449
  73|Senegal                   | 765
  74|Slovak Republic           | 702 1098 1287
  75|Slovenia                  | 918
  76|Spain                     | 531 558 567 576 585 603 639 648 657 666
                               | 684 702 729 738 756 774 792 801 810 837
                               | 855 864 873 954 972 990 999 1008 1026 
                               | 1044 1053 1080 1098 1116 1125 1134 1143 
                               | 1152 1179 1215 1224 1296 1305 1314 1341
                               | 1359 1413 1485 1521 1575 1584 1602
  77|Sudan                     | 1296
  78|Sweden                    | 1179
  79|Switzerland               | 765
  80|Syria                     | 783 918
  81|Trinidad & Tobago         | 730
  82|Tunisia                   | 1566 585(t)
  83|Turkey                    | 1017
  84|Turks & Caicos Islands    | 535 1020
  85|Ukraine                   | 972 1242 1377 1404 1431
  86|United Arab Emirates      | 1476
  87|USA                       | many - most northern / eastern clears good
  88|Uruguay                   | 850
  89|Vatican                   | 1530 

                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 30 **

  90|Venezuela                 | 600 640 670 700 720 740 750 760 820 880
                               | 890 900 950 960 1110 1230 1290 1420 1450
                               | 1470 1500
  91|Wales                     | 1125
  92|Yugoslavia (Serbia)       | 684 1413

    
    *** TENTATIVES ***
    |Costa Rica                | 1024.5   
    |Czech Republic            | 954 1287    
    |Iraq                      | 1530 (clandestine; QTH probable)
    |Macedonia                 | 810       
    |Qatar                     | 954      
    |Saharan Arab Republic     | 1544 (clandestine; QTH probable)
    |Sri Lanka                 | 1548      
    
    |unID's                    | 630, 1100.3, 1240, 1492.7, 1493

    *** Heard in NOV 1991, but not in OCT 1993 (some may now be inactive) ***
    |Ascension Island          | 1485 1602
    |Balearic Islands          | 909
    |Barbados                  | 900
    |Burkina Faso              | 747
    |Cameroon                  | 1152 1286
    |Central African Republic  | 1440
    |Gabon                     | 1554
    |Gambia                    | 909.8
    |Guinea                    | 1386 1404
    |Ivory Coast               | 1493a(t?)
    |Melilla                   | 1359 - now on 972
    |Mozambique                | 872
    |Niger                     | 1125
    |Nigeria                   | 909 918 1170 1395
    |Saint Vincent             | 705
    |Spanish Morocco           | 990 1355 [see also Saharan Arab Rep. above]
    |Togo                      | 1394
    |Zambia                    | 818

    *** Others heard at various NF & MA sites / mostly 1991-1993 ***
                       (some may now be inactive) 
    |Bahamas                   | 810 1540  
    |Belize                    | 830 1530
    |Bolivia                   | 1550
    |British Virgin Islands    | 780
    |Cayman Islands            | 1205 1555 (currently inactive)
    |Cyprus                    | 1323        
    |El Salvador               | 655 
    |Estonia                   | 1215  
    |Gibraltar                 | 1458.2    
    |Greenland                 | 700 720   
 
                                                      ** NFDX93 pg. 31 **

    |Haiti                     | 1080 1170
    |Honduras                  | 650
    |Mayotte                   | 1458
    |Panama                    | 860  
    |Paraguay                  | 920  
    |Saint Helena              | 1548               
    |Sierra Leone              | 1206
    |Suriname                  | 600
    |Virgin Islands (US)       | 970 1000

     ******************************************************************

          Besides this report being the record of a specific DXpedition,
     it may be used as a comprehensive international DX guide for those 
     in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.  Target
     stations and frequencies with best reception times are given
     for many countries.  Medium wave and shortwave parallel frequency 
     information is often provided; sometimes sign-on and sign-off
     times are listed.  This article should assist DXers in focussing 
     their efforts during the Winter '93 - '94 season and likely 
     during DX seasons to follow.
     
     ******************************************************************

     Abbreviations commonly used:

     AA  =  Arabic                     m    =  male, man
     CC  =  Chinese                    MoR  =  middle-of-the-road music
     DD  =  Dutch                      mx   =  music
     EE  =  English                    o/   =  over, atop                
     FF  =  French                     o/u  =  over / under (alternating)
     GG  =  German                     PSA  =  public service announcement
     II  =  Italian                    QRM  =  interference
     NN  =  Norwegian                  R.   =  radio   
     PP  =  Portuguese                 s/off=  sign-off
     RR  =  Russian                    s/on =  sign-on
     SS  =  Spanish             SIO  =  strength/interference/overall merit
     //  =  parallel frequency         (t)  =  tentative reception claim
     BBD =  big-band (jazz) music      TA   =  Trans-Atlantic
     C&W =  country-western music      TC   =  time check
     CW  =  continuous-wave (code)     TOH  =  top of the hour (e. g. 0500)
     DJ  =  disk jockey                u/   =  under
     dom.=  dominant                   unID =  unidentified
     EZL =  easy-listening music       V.   =  Voice (of)
     f   =  female, woman              w/   =  with
     het =  heterodyne, beat note      wx   =  weather
     ID  =  station identification     xlnt =  excellent
     IS  =  interval signal            YV   =  Venezuelan station
     LA  =  Latin-American             ZY   =  Brazilian station
 
