Verticals used in Kootwijk for PCH above 8MHz           for frequencies above 8 MHz the older, single frequency transmitters use single frequency antenna's.
They consist of a half wave in phase with a quarter wave radiator (cage).
The antenna is build around a single pole of 1 wavelength. This construction is very effective for handling a direct lightning strike.        simulating this antenna type above the type of ground in Kootwijk produces the radiation diagram above. Assuming ground characteristics 10,2 (dielectric constant 10, conductivity 2 mS/m), which is not a very good ground for vertical polarized antenna's, the antenna is rather effective comparing to other vertical as quarter wave and half wave antenna's.