Surface Type Dielectric Conductivity Relative Quality Constant (S/m) Fresh water 80 0.001 Salt water 81 5.0 Pastoral, low hills, rich soil typ Dallas, TX to Lincoln, NE areas 20 0.0303 Very good Pastoral, low hills, rich soil typ OH and IL 14 0.01 Flat country, marshy, density wooded, typ LA near Miss. River 12 0.0075 Pastoral, medium hills and forestation, typ MD, PA, NY (exclusive of mountains and coastline) 13 0.006 Pastorall, medium hills and forestation, heavy clay soil, typ central VA 13 0.005 Average Rocky soil, steep hills, typ mountainous 12 - 14 0.002 Poor Sandy, dry, flat, coastal 10 0.002 Cities, industrial areas 5 0.001 Very poor Cities, heavy industrial areas, high buildings 3 0.001 Extremely poor