Acronym List for Amateur Radio AC = alternating current AF = audio frequency AM = amplitude modulation ARRL = American Radio Relay League, the national association for amateur radio CQ = calling any station CW = Morse code telegraphy (continuous wave) DC = direct current DE = "from" or "this is" DMM = digital multimeter DSB = double sideband with suppressed carrier DX = distant radio stations in foreign countries EME = Earth-Moon-Earth or moonbounce EP = Emergency Preparedness FB = fine business FCC = Federal Communications Commission FM = frequency modulation FSK = frequency shift keying GOTA = get on the air HF = high frequency (3 MHz -to- 30 MHz) Hz = Hertz, unit for frequency, cycles/sec. JOTA = Jamboree on the Air LSB = the part of the signal below the carrier frequency MUF = maximum useable frequency, the highest-frequency radio signal that will reach a particular destination using sky-wave propagation, or skip NVIS = near-vertical incident sky-wave PEP = peak envelope power, the average power of a signal at its largest amplitude peak Q factor = impedance/resistance QRM = radio interference, man-made QRN = radio interference, natural phenomena QRO = higher power QRP = low power QSO = conversation between two radio amateurs QSY = change to transmission on another frequency QTH = location RACES = Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service, a part of the Amateur Service that provides radio communications for civil preparedness organizations during local, regional or national civil emergencies RF = radio frequency RFI = radio-frequency interference, disturbance to electronic equipment caused by radio-frequency signals RST = a system of numbers used for signal reports: R is readability, S is strength and T is tone. (On single-sideband phone, only R and S reports are used, e.g. "5 by 9") RTTY = radioteletype SDR = software defined radio SSB = single sideband SWR = standing wave ratio, a measure of the impedance match between the feed line and the antenna TNC = terminal node controller TVI = television interference, interruption of television reception caused by another signal VFO = variable-frequency oscillator, an oscillator used in receivers and transmitters. The frequency is set by a tuned circuit using capacitors and inductors. The frequency can be changed by adjusting the components in the tuned circuit VHF = very high frequency (30 MHz -to- 300 MHz) VOX = voice operated break-in UHF = ultra-high frequency (300 MHz -to- 3 GHz) USB = that part of the signal above the carrier frequency WPM = words per minute WSPR = Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Network 73 = best regards