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Page xi Why Would You Use Pointers? 143 The Stack and the Free Store 143 new 144 delete 145 Memory Leaks 147 Summary 148 Q&A 148 Hour 10 Advanced Pointers 149 Creating Objects on the Free Store 149 Deleting Objects 150 Accessing Data Members 151 Member Data on the Free Store 152 The this Pointer 154 What's the this Pointer For? 155 Stray or Dangling Pointers 156 const Pointers 156 const Pointers and const Member Functions 157 const this Pointers 159 Summary 159 Q&A 159 Hour 11 References 161 What Is a Reference? 162 Creating a Reference 162 Using the Address of Operator on References 163 What Can Be Referenced? 166 Null Pointers and Null References 167 Passing Function Arguments by Reference 167 Making swap() Work with Pointers 168 Implementing swap() with References 170 Understanding Function Headers and Prototypes 171 Returning Multiple Values 172 Returning Values by Reference 174 Summary 175 Q&A 175 Hour 12 Advanced References and Pointers 177 Passing by Reference for Efficiency 177 Passing a const Pointer 180 References as an Alternative 183 When to Use References and When to Use Pointers 185 Don't Return a Reference to an Object that Isn't in Scope! 185
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