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Page 463 base 16 numbers, 453-455 converting to base 10, 452 base classes, 248-249, 283, 388 abstract, 291, 294 common (moving shared functionality into), 299 creating clone methods, 276-279 functions, hiding, 280 initialization, 256 methods, hiding, 262 pointers, 283 base methods, calling, 264-265 base pointers, 284, 286 BASIC, 6 binary numbers, 450-451 advantages, 451 converting decimals to, 450 binary operators, 212-214, 435. See also addition operator (+) bits, 28, 451 blocks catch, 424, 428 try, 424, 428 bodies, 24-25 functions, 64, 101 bool type, 50 Boolean variables, 436 braces ({}), 42 aligning, 434 closing (}), 21 if statements, 55-57 opening ({), 21 break statement, 115-117 bugs, 422 exceptions, 422-423 finding, 101, 159, 299. See also errors macros, 370 poor logic, 422 resulting from assert() statements, 359 running out of resources, 422 runtime, 299 syntactic, 422 unnecessary fragility, 422 building prototypes, 389-390 built-in variables, assigning (user-defined), 218 bulletproof programs, 422 buy/build question (designing programs), 389 bytes, 28, 451 C C, 9 C++ ANSI, 10 differences between C++ and C, 9 getting help/advice, 439 suggested reading books, 439-440 magazines, 440 C++-style comments, 22 C-style comments, 22 call stack, 429 calling base methods, 264-265 constructors, 254-256 copy, 178-180, 200 delete keyword, 146 destructors, 200, 254-256 objects, 178-180 functions, 21-23, 61, 70-71, 78 parameters, 73 stack frames, 80 this pointer, 154 virtual member functions, 271 constructors, 382 calls (function), 429 camel notation, 32 case-sensitivity, 32 casting, dynamic, 299 catch blocks, 424, 428 catch everything statement (catch() statement), 429 catching exceptions, 424, 427-429 changing addresses (stack pointers), 79 objects (value of members), 100 values (pointers), 168-170 char arrays, 239. See also strings char variables, 29 character arrays (uninitialized), 239 character sets (ASCII), 30 character variables, 30 characters null, 239 strings, 239-240 cin objects, 21, 26 class constructors (allocating memory), 152-154 class declarations, 91, 100-102 class definitions, 438 class invariants, 360, 364 class keyword, 87 class member functions, 99 class method definitions, 101 class methods, 94. See also constructors declaring, 91 defining, 91 inline, 102 size, 98 class objects, 98 classes, 8, 13, 86 abstract, 298-299 base, 248-249, 283, 388 abstract, 291, 294 common (moving shared functionality into), 299 creating clone methods, 276-279 pointers, 283 clients, 87 collapsing, 388 complete, 105, 108 complex, 105, 108 contained (accessing members), 328 creating, 386 hierarchies, 286, 289 data manipulation, 242 data members, 87 accessing, 89 pointers, 152-154 private, 90 public, 89-90 declaring, 87-88, 250, 351 abstract data types, 290 derived, 248-249, 251-252, 265-266, 283, 388 acquiring data/methods, 387
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