Two Transformer H-Mode Mixer,The Italian way.
Experiments
for Two Transformer High Performance H-Mode DBM.Its good or not.
2 transformer formula H-Mode Mixer of an I7SWX design and a performance are how.
(Ver.1.0
: July 26th 2003)
written
by Takahiro Kato JH1WBU/JA9TTT, SaitamaJAPAN
http://members.my.home.ne.jp/ja9ttt/myexp/2T-H-Mode-DBM.html
■ The purpose of this page
Three Trifiler volume RF transformers are used for original H-Mode Mixer. The
method of substituting this transformer for two pieces was devised by HAM of
Italy, and Mr. I7SWX Giancarlo Moda. The evaluation result is summarized.
■ H-Mode Mixer
H-Mode Mixer is one sort of the switching formula DBM (it is also called
Commutation mixer). It operates like DBM using Diode. however -- the -- low --
distorted -- an everybody performance is wonderful As a switching element,
D-MOS-FET called SD5000 at first was used. Then, it turns out that Chip called
Bus-Switch is utilizable, and the way realized cheaply was opened. About
these circumstances High
Performance H-Mode Mixer Please look at a の page.
■ 2 transformer formula H-Mode mixer (Two Transformer H-Mode
Mixer)
As for H-Mode Mixer, improvement progressed by the change to Bus-Switch IC from
D-MOS FET. After that, it is a thing that improvement which the examination to
the direction to lessen progresses, still minces 0.1dB of conversion losses, and
comes out is performed. It seems that the conversion loss of the level of 4dB is
obtained now. In order to harness the performance of this mixer in the maximum,
high frequency amplification (RF-AMP) is not used. It is because the receiver
not more than noise figure skating (NF) =10dB can be made if there are few
losses of a mixer. If it is called a NF=10dB receiver, it thinks from the level
of visitor noise and HF belt is enough. The dynamic range of the receiver made
by such method is supposed that it amounts to no less than 120dB. Thus, while
the trial which lessens a loss is continued, the trial in which he wants to
simplify is also performed. If the circuit of original H-Mode Mixer is
looking-obtained, no less than three pieces have the transformer of a TORIFAIRA
(Trifiler) volume, and manufacture is also troublesome and it turns out that the
mistake of sushi wiring also tends to occur. HAM of Italy and Mr. I7SWX
Giancarlo Moda devised the method of considering that will simplify and
substituting for two transformers. If original, although the output of two
transformers was compounded in current and the output had been obtained, it is
expected to pack the transformer into one piece and to say that it will compound
magnetically. Although it is visible also to the somewhat impossible method of
existing on structure if it carries out from the view called transmission track
type transformer, it will be a good method if a practical performance is
obtained. About H-Mode Mixer of 2 transformer formulas, you introduce from Mr.
I7SWX Gian of a designer. It is this site. High
Performance H-Mode Mixer After exhibiting the entitled page, mail came
from Mr. I7SWX Gian soon. The report which 氏
contributed to the bulletin of RSGB and Radio Communication (RadCom) was
appended.
■ Selection of a ferrite core
already High
Performance H-Mode Mixer But although submitted as one of the subjects,
there is a problem of the transformer used for the portions of an input and an
output. Although the room of a device is also in the structure of a transformer,
the quality of the material of the ferrite used for a core is the most important.
In the experiment of 2 transformer formula H-Mode Mixer, the kind of core was
changed, it was distorted and the characteristic was compared. Core material on
hand was three kinds, #43 material, #61 material, and #73 material, when saying
by the catalog of a friend boss company (trading company). #43 material was
generally good when saying from the conclusion. The form of a core used the
glasses type called balun type (Bulun Type). An equivalent performance is
obtained also for what put two ferrite beads in order and was made into the
shape of glasses. FB-801-#43 which are generally easy to come to hand can be
called good selection.
- Attention
A big photograph can be seen if a left-hand side photograph is clicked.
Please return to returning from a big photograph with the back button of a
browser.
■ Manufacture
It is the circuit of 2 transformer formula H-Mode Mixer introduced from Mr.
I7SWX Giancarlo Moda. Fundamental Frequency Squarer which builds a rectangle
wave required for the drive of Bus-Switch from office right 弦波
is contained. There are also few parts and the mixer itself is easy also parts,
although wiring is complex. Bus-Switch -- the original of 3 transformer formulas
-- if -- although PI5made from Pericom C3125L was used, QS3126S1 of IDT was used
for 2 transformer formulas of I7SWX Although comparison of Bus-Switch should
also be carried out, the almost equivalent performance is obtained. A Best thing
may be able to be discovered, if Bus-Switch of each company is tried, since it
is thought that it has quite a few influences of a material (parts) since it is
an easy circuit. VR of many rotations was not used for Fundamental Frequency
Squarer. This is because the meaning which adjusts this VR severely was not felt.
The office leak improved by adjustment of VR is at most 6dB. Since it is a Mixer
use, an abbreviation is also possible and it is omitted also in the circuit to
which I had Mr. I7SWX Gian send. It did not adopt, although the measures which
prevent excessive current flowing were further taken in Mr. Gian's circuit at
74AC86 at the time of a non-signal. Since self-oscillation frequency is set to
no less than 150MHz, the excessive current at the time of a non-signal is the
phenomenon in which the consumption current of C-MOS increases. If it is not
made no inputting, there is no problem. Moreover, with HF belt, it is 74. AC Not
a type but 74 HC A type is also enough, and since there is less this, it
can also recommend the trouble of an over-current. It is 74 when using this
Mixer by 50MHz. AC What is necessary will be just to use 86. In 144MHz,
there is also a report which a loss is large and is said that it is not equal to
use.
Although it is an easy circuit, manufacture of a transformer and connection of
winding require cautions most. If it mistakes, it will not operate normally with
a natural thing. if a performance is poor, first of all, 疑
obtains 結線 of a transformer, and there is necessity
It is the transformer to be used. The left is T2 of a circuit diagram and
the right is T1. Probably, there is no necessity for explanation, since T2 is an
ordinary TORIFAIRA volume (Trifiler). The problem is T1. The manufacture method
is explained below. First of all, please make what twisted four lines. It is the
electric wire used for a tetrapod filer volume. A polyurethane electric wire (UREMETTO
electric wire : sign UEW) with a diameter of about 0.16mm is suitable for a wire
rod. It winds around the hole of a core 4 times through this twisted line, and
carries out. And both of holes will be counted with 1 time, if it returns. Then,
the winding by the side of secondary is coiled on single track of the same kind.
Similarly a number of turns is 4 times. If a secondary side is rolled so that a
line may come from an opposite side, it can mitigate a mistake. On the whole, it
becomes the transformer of 5 winding called a PENTA filer (Pentafiler) volume.
There is only few winding which what thing does not have one than 3 transformer
formulas. It is a merit that there are few a cores and they end. However, wiring
does not become easy right [ that ]. Hi
Although it seems to be difficult somehow, if it does looking at a photograph
and a circuit diagram, I will think that it is not difficult. giving -- being
also prodigal -- it makes so that there may be no error in the connection method
of winding Black dot mark - currently written to the winding of a circuit
diagram is the sign which shows the start of a volume. The direction of winding
is connected checking, after it is important. Since no less than five lines are
coiled anyway, it is large confusion. He can feel easy, if are done, and there
will be no short-circuit between each winding or it will check with the tester.
The core of the orange of a photograph is #73 material. The name of a core is
BLN-#73-2402. The white core of #43 material (BLN-#43-2402) and a green core
looked at by the following photograph is #61 material (BLN-#61-2402).
Manufacture was made for every portion in this way. The portion of a
right-hand side universal board is Fundamental Frequency Squarer. A Mixer
portion is in left-hand side. The pitch conversion board made from SANHAYATO and
ICB-010 are used. The price of that from which the conversion board for 28 pins
became three pieces was 400 yen. Since Bus-Switch IC were 14 pins, they were
miniaturized by cutting into a half further. If it cuts well, two objects for 14
pins can be made. If it is this, since no less than six circuits can be made for
400 yen, it is economical. Like a photograph, if IC is soldered, wiring between
pins, the resistance for a bypass capacitor and bias, etc. will be attached. The
copper tape was also used for assistance of a ground. The capacitor also
assembled the tipped type in the compact using several pieces. Then, wiring is
easy if it unites and manufactures. When attachment and its wiring of a
transformer were made into the last, they were easy.
It is done H-Mode Mixer. The thing of an upper left big substrate is the
original of 3 transformer formulas. Since this set performance evaluation as the
main purpose, it used the big substrate. The thing (two pieces) of a small
substrate is H-Mode Mixer of 2 transformer formulas. Since it actually
manufactured here for the purpose of inclusion to apparatus, it achieved the
miniaturization. Size is 65mmx45mm. Although it does not look well with a
photograph, wiring of a transformer portion is complicated and is in a spaghetti
state. it is because HAM of Italy thought -- it is Hi
■ Evaluation of Two Transformer H-Mode
Mixer (BLN- #43 - In the Case of 2402 Use
The matter which is common by the following measurement is summarized.
1.
2 signal generators: Each output is 0dBm with the frequency of 7430kHz,
and the its original work article which generates 7440kHz. IMD generated in
person is less than [ -90dB ] (below a measurement limit).
2.
Signal generator (for Local OSC): To hp3336A
etc., it is crystal oscillator use. A level is fixed by 0dBm.
3.
Spectrum analyzer: Advantest TR4171
4.
Power supply: KIKUSUI PDM-35-3. All power supply voltage is measured by
5V.
17MHz estimates IF frequency from a comparative meaning with original
H-Mode Mixer of 3 transformer formulas. The frequency of Local OSC is 10MHz. It
was the best characteristic by 3 transformer formulas on this frequency. IP3
(OIP3) seen by the output side is +39dBm. IP3 (IIP3) seen from the input side
was about set to +44dBm. Although +47dBm of 3 transformer formulas is not
attained to a little, it can be called a sufficiently good performance. Or this
difference will not be 2 transformer formula reason, it is unknown whether it is
based on the difference in Bus-Switch. Conversion loss is 5.3dB and has become
less than 5.9dB of 3 transformer formulas a little.
IF frequency was set to 27MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
20MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +34dBm. Since conversion loss is
similarly 5.3dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +39dBm. Although it
is worse than the time of IF frequency being 17MHz, it is a still sufficiently
good performance.
IF frequency was set to 2MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
9.74MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +31dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.8dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +37dBm. Although it became a
little bad, of course, it is the performance of the practical use range. Diode
DBM which was able to improve -- at most -- since it is +20dBm
IF frequency was set to 455kHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
7.9MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +14dBm. Conversion loss also
increases and it is 6.9dB. IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +21dBm.
Probably, it will be better for carrying out frequency conversion to stop to
455kHz, although it could not use.
IF frequency was set to 5MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
12.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +37dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.8dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is +43dBm and a very much good value.
Merit that's right [ use / carrying out frequency conversion / for per 5MHz ].
Probably, it will be convenient to reconstruction (?), since the old transceiver
also had many machines which have taken the 1st IF in the frequency of this hit.
IF frequency was set to 9MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
16.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +35dBm. Since conversion loss is
6.2dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is +41dBm and a very much good value.
9MHz is the frequency well used to a single supermarket. A its original work is
sufficient and it is used.
It is the carrier leak by IF in case the frequency of Local-OSC is 10MHz.
- It is sufficient value, if it is a mixer use, since it is 50dBm.
Two signals of an input are seen how much leak to IF output. Since 0dBm
of an input leaks by -27dBm, if the degree of selection of an antenna filter is
not improved, the leak by IF will be felt. Probably, cautions will be required
also for how to choose IF frequency.
■ Evaluation of Two Transformer H-Mode
Mixer (BLN- #61 - In the Case of 2402 Use
The following is as a result of [ of the transformer using the core of
#61 material ] evaluation. A measuring method is the same as others.
17MHz estimates IF frequency from a comparative meaning with original
H-Mode Mixer of 3 transformer formulas. The frequency of Local OSC is 10MHz. It
was the best characteristic by 3 transformer formulas on this frequency. IP3
(OIP3) seen by the output side is +33dBm. Conversion loss was as excellent as
4.9dB. Therefore, IP3 (IIP3) seen from the input side was about set to +38dBm. #
It can be called a tolerable performance although it is less than +44dBm of 43
cores. This is the ability of this transformer, after other parts are the same
as that of evaluation of #43 except for a transformer.
IF frequency was set to 27MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
20MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +27dBm. Conversion loss becomes
somewhat large and is 5.1dB. IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +32dBm.
Although it is worse than the time of IF frequency being 17MHz, it is still
valid enough as highly efficient Mixer.
IF frequency was set to 2MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
9.74MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +33dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.4dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +38dBm. This is quite a
performance. It seems that it will also be good to use #61 core if IF frequency
is set to 2MHz.
IF frequency was set to 455kHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
7.9MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +18dBm. Conversion loss also
increases and it is 5.9dB. IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +24dBm. #
Probably, it will be better for carrying out frequency conversion to stop to
455kHz like the time of 43 cores, if it could do.
IF frequency was set to 5MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
12.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +34dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.4dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is +40dBm and a very much good value.
Merit that's right [ use / carrying out frequency conversion / for per 5MHz ].
IF frequency was set to 9MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
16.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +32dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.5dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is as tolerable as +37dBm.
It is the carrier leak by IF in case the frequency of Local-OSC is 10MHz.
- It is sufficient value, if it is a mixer use, since it is 48dBm.
Two signals of an input are seen how much leak to IF output. 0dBm of an
input leaks by -23dBm. It may become good when a float balun (Float Bulun) is
put into an input and an output. However, probably, it will be better to cope
with it by how to choose IF frequency, since loss also increases, and highly
efficient-ization of a front end filter.
■ Evaluation of Two Transformer H-Mode
Mixer (BLN- #73 - In the Case of 2402 Use
The following is as a result of [ of the transformer using the core of
#73 material ] evaluation. A measuring method is the same as others.
17MHz estimates IF frequency from a comparative meaning with original
H-Mode Mixer of 3 transformer formulas. The frequency of Local OSC is 10MHz. It
was the best characteristic by 3 transformer formulas on this frequency. IP3
(OIP3) seen by the output side is +17dBm. Conversion loss became a little large
by 6.5dB. IP3 (IIP3) seen from the input side was about set to +24dBm. This is
the ability of this transformer (#73 core), after other parts are the same
except for a transformer. # I thought that 73 cores had large 透磁率
(mui) and were suitable for the conversion in low frequency from the ability to
earn the INDAKU wardrobe of winding. moreover, an B-H curve -- you may see --
although it expected since that was right, it was the result of saying generally
that distortion is large like looking at the following
IF frequency was set to 27MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
20MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +16dBm. Since conversion loss is
6.9dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +23dBm.
IF frequency was set to 2MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
9.74MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +19dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.3dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +24dBm.
IF frequency was set to 455kHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
7.9MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +19dBm. Conversion loss also
increases and it is 5.3dB. IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side serves as +24dBm.
The difference with frequency also with high conversion in frequency low to be
sure will be generally meaningless in a thing with a large distortion, although
it was lost. What is necessary will be well, just to use the level of a signal,
thinking, after not being necessarily the performance which cannot be used.
IF frequency was set to 5MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
12.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +18dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.5dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is +24dBm.
IF frequency was set to 9MHz, having used frequency of Local OSC as
16.7MHz. IP3 (OIP3) seen by the output side is +18dBm. Since conversion loss is
5.6dB, IP3 (IIP3) seen by the input side is +24dBm. If #73 core is used like
looking, the purpose of lessening characteristic change by frequency can be
attained. However, it is troubled by the thing with a large distortion.
It is the carrier leak by IF in case the frequency of Local-OSC is 10MHz.
- It is sufficient value, if it is a mixer use, since it is 47dBm.
Two signals of an input are seen how much leak to IF output. 0dBm of an
input leaks by -29dBm. What is somewhat better than other transformers will be
because combination between winding becomes dense and balance is improved, since
透磁率 of a core is large. It seems that however, this core is essentially
distorted since big IMD is observed by even two signals which leak like looking
at a spectrum. It may be the core material which can be used at least for a
noise filter.
■ The design for the receiver using H-Mode Mixer
The project which shows the performance of H-Mode Mixer as a performance of a
concrete receiver has started focusing on HAM of Britain. GDB2000 Transciever
It is. However, faced with the its original work which enjoys leisure, a
project full-scale to there cannot be started easily. There are some which are
referred to as making the receiver for the low bands of HF belt in the design
for me currently warmed for a long time. Although H-Mode Mixer has not adopted
the object for 160m, and the object for 80m, the circuit unit was already
completed and the test run has also ended. In 40m and 30m band which are
severest band, it was just going to think that he wants to face with the
receiver of the strongest front end. It is the good opportunity for H-Mode Mixer
to appear. The time of realizing a design came by single conversion. Let's use a
rudder type advantageous to distortion for a filter. Let's use the crystal with
which low frequency is also taken and with which it is thick. That 電界 generated inside crystal becomes small receives distorted, and it is
because it is advantageous. By 電界 between 電極, crystal bends mechanically by the piezo-electric effect, and is
vibrating. When the amount of bending stops following the law of a hook,
distortion occurs. The 2MHz rudder type filter is examined for such the purpose.
It is because the crystal of thin high frequency is clearly disadvantageous.
Although it is technology [ need / to be highly-efficient-ized / post mixer
amplifier ], this is already realized with the transistor for CATV. I want to
aim at a highly efficient receiver by 2 transformer formula H-Mode Mixer also as
such a design.
■ Epilogue
How was introduction of Italy style H-Mode Mixer? Although the experiment was
begun from Mr. I7SWX Giancarlo Moda's mail, I think that the very much good
result was obtained. From 3 transformer formulas, although it is mist and the
result of saying that it is inferior, there is no big difference. Therefore, I
think that there are merits of enough that can reduce the number of transformers
and a circuit also becomes compact. A result with 3 sufficient transformer
formulas will be induced if it competes for several dB IP3. However, since
performance sufficient also by 2 transformer formulas is obtained, let's use the
method of an I7SWX Giancarlo Moda Mr. design for my manufacture.
It seems that the nonlinear nature can be seen if the level of a signal becomes
larger and larger, although it is the ferrite core currently conventionally used
for DBM casually. It was understood that it needs to be cautious also of
selection of a core enough. However, it was happy that #43 material used
unconsciously conventionally closely was good results. It is because a result
which is said that an old argument reverses altogether for a core did not need
to be brought.
·
Bibliography and1:"Radio Communication"
RSGB, and April 2002
·
2: [ Bibliography and ] The core data book of
Amidon