20 NOV 1990:
Here is the complete list of mods that are know to date for the 
Kenwood TH-77A Dual Band hand held:

From the factory, it can receive 138-174MHz and seems to do it quite
well with the supplied rubber duck antenna.  It also can receive
438-450MHz and, likewise, does this quite well too!  One very interesting
feature of the TH77A is that it can do *DUAL* UHF receive!  To do this
it uses the VHF receive section and you have less sensitivity, but I
really haven't noticed much signal degradation at all.

Kenwood has made this radio compatible with the new ICOM S-Series radios
from what I can tell.  It has DTSS (Dual Tone Squelch System) which means
that your radio will not break squelch until it hears a particular
sequence of three DTMF tones (ICOM has this also and they call it
Coded Squelch which also use three tones).  The TH77A also has a paging
function that works *exactly* like the ICOM paging.  You program the
radio with a personal 3 digit DTMF code and someone pages you by 
transmitting YOUR 3 digit code, followed by a * character and then
their own 3 digit code.  The ICOM will start to ring to let you know
that you have been paged and display the 3 digit code of the person
that has paged you.  The TH77A will beep once and open squelch as
long as the person that paged you does not drop carrier (I prefer
the ICOM method for this part, but there is a work around that I
will mention in a bit).  One thing the TH77A does at this point is
bring up a timer so you know how long its been since you've been
paged.  Maximum time is 99 hours and 99 minutes.  Let's see if your
battery can hold out that long!  The workaround so the TH77A will
ring, rather than just beep and open squelch is to put the radio
in the pager mode AND also put it in Tone Alert.  When you get
paged... the radio will "beep beep (pause) beep beep" five times
and start up the timer.  Kenwood has provided two different types
of BEEPS for you.  The second type is to ring like an electronic
telephone.  This one *REALLY* sounds nice!!  For those of you that
like autodial memories, there are 10 memories that can store 15
characters each.  There are 40 regular frequency memories in this
radio and you can make them all UHF if you like (no restriction).

NOW!  On to the *EXTRA* capabilities (there are other BASIC functions
that I didn't mention, those were just the highlights).

After making a few modifications to this radio, you can get it to
do the regular stuff that the IC24AT will do, such as AM aircraft,
expanded UHF (400-512 depending on PLL lock) and 800-950 (again,
depending on PLL lock) in addition to cross band repeat.

HOW DO YOU DO THIS!?

Easy (if you've got a steady had for removing a chip resistor!).

Open it up.  There are 3 screws visible on the outside and 4 more
underneath the battery pack.  Unlike most radios, this one doesn't
have a spring for the battery release switch.  It gets spring
action from the metal plate that you will remove when you take
out the four screws.  I love it!

Anyway, the area you will be working in is on the control board
which is fixed to the front section of the radio.  In particular,
look for the yellow electrolytic capacitor (its yellow in mine) that
is at the dead center of the board (there are two IC's, one above
this and 1 below this).  You will have to remove the electrolytic
capacitor (C124) and set it aside for a few minutes.  You will be
putting it back afterward.  The reason for removing this is so that
you can remove a chip resistor that is underneath it.  To avoid tearing
the flex board foil traces, do not bend the leads of the capacitor.
There is a green wire that is connected to one side of this capacitor.
If you disconnect one side of this green wire, you will get RX from
400-512 (PLL lock depends on the radio, but you can DIAL from 400 to
512).  Orient the radio so that the volume controls and BNC are at
12 O'Clock on your table (farthest from you) and the bottom (where the
battery connects) is at 6 O'Clock (nearest you).  In the area where you 
removed the capacitor, you will see a blank space where there could have
been a chip resistor followed by two chip resistors side-by-side and in
the next row below that, you will see 3 more that are side-by-side.
There is one to the left of these two rows that is kind of off center.
Now, there are three ways to configure this radio at this point:

	1 - With one side of the green wire pulled, you will have
	    136-174 RX, 400-512 RX.  If that's all you want, you are done.
	2 - By removing the rightmost chip resistor (R129), in
	    addition to keeping one side of the green wire disconnected,
	    you will have 136-174 RX, 400-512 RX, 118-136 AM RX, 800-950 RX.
	3 - By removing both of the chip resistors, in addition
	    to putting the green wire BACK where it belongs, you
	    will have 136-174 RX/TX, 400-512 RX/TX, 118-136 AM RX
	    and 800-950 RX.

All three of these options include, of course, putting the electrolytic
capacitor back in place afterwards.

NOTE!  ONCE YOU START DOING THIS STUFF, YOUR MEMORIES AND POWER ON SWITCH
CONFIGURATIONS WILL ALL BE LOST!  MAKE A NOTE OF HOW YOU ARE SETUP BEFORE
YOU BEGIN!	    

		  --       --       --
		  ||       ||       ||
		 /  \     /  \     /  \
		--------------------------
		|		         |
		|			 \-\
		|			   |
		|	/---------\	   |
		|	|	  |	   |
		|	|	  |	   |
		|	|	  |	   |
		|	|	  |	   |
		|	\---------/	   |
		|			   |
		|	-- -- --	   |
		|	   || || <================== REMOVE THE RIGHT ONE
		|	-- -- --	   |	     FOR AM/800-950 RX.
		|    --			   |	     REMOVE BOTH TO ALSO
		|    ||    -- -- --	  -/	     GET EXTENDED TX.
		|    --	   || || ||	 /
		|	   -- -- --	 |
		|			 |
		|	/------------\   |
		|	|            |   |
		|	|            |   |
		|	|            |   |
		|	|            |   |
		|	|            |   |
		|	\------------/   |
		|			 |
		|			 |
		--------------------------

    Layout shown with electrolytic capacitor C124 removed


The best way to do this is to heat up both sides of the resistor and
push it out of the way with something small.  At least this was the
best way for me!  Once it's out, put the capacitor back in place and
close it up.  (Put the green wire back also, if you are making the
out of band TX mod too!)

TO OPERATE THE NEW FEATURES

To receive AM aircraft, get the VHF side in the main band and hit the
ENT key twice to go to the VFO.  Once you are in the VFO, hit the
UxU key twice.  Once for dual UHF receive and the 2nd time for AM
(118-136).

To receive 800-950, get the UHF side in the main band and hit the
ENT key twice to go to the VFO.  Once you are in the VFO, hit the
UxU key once.

To enable crossband repeat, hold down the SUB BAND UP ARROW key while
turning on power.  To disable, do the same thing again.  Kenwood says
that both bands can contain shift information but only one band can include
an encode/decode tone.

One more thing.  The POWER ON + 8 KEY that allows you to select the
kind of memory recall will be a bit different.  Now, you will have an
extra option in the right side of the display.  E1 or E2 which may
be selected with the VFO control on the top of the radio.  E1 mode will allow
you to automatically make the radio switch to AM or switch to the 800MHz
stuff as you use the VFO knob to move through your memory channels.  E2 mode
will skip over any memories that are AM or 800-950MHz.  In E2, the only way
to recall one of the *special* memories is to go to the VFO, hit the UxU
key to go to AM or 800MHz and then recall one of these memories.  Personally,
I have mine in E1 and don't know any reason why anyone would want to be in E2,
but its there if you need it!

The Kenwood modification sheet says the following about AM sensitivity:

	While the receiver sensitivity is neither specified nor guaranteed
	for the AM range, the sensitivity is typically less than 1uV for
	10dB signal plus noise to noise ratio between 123-131MHz.  The
	band edges, however, measure between 8-20uV for 1dB S+N/N ratio.


SOME PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

My radio seems to have a hole in it in the 800MHz band.  I get this beeping
sound when I try tuning between 864-875MHz (I believe the TH77A beeps
when it can't lock).  Also, the sensitivity could be better around 483MHz
(local Sheriff).  I did notice that using the dual UHF receive and tuning to
483MHz was better than using the straight UHF receive.  (Remember, the
dual UHF RX uses the VHF section with reduced sensitivity. Well, its
reduced in the amateur portion, but seems to be enhanced out of the band!)
At around 506MHz (Los Angeles PD) its VERY weak.  I could barely hear
anything WITH an outside antenna.  Maybe some tweaking inside could
improve this (I haven't really looked for the VCO yet).

Many thanks to Pontus Hedman (rph@sq.com) for helping me put this
information together!  Thanks also goes out to James Dugal (jpd@pc.usl.edu).
By the way, Pontus did mention that checking the input frequency was a bit
annoying.  You have to hit FUNCTION SHIFT to get the radio to REVERSE and
listen to the input.  I agree!

Anyway, hope this information helps you get more from you new toy!
Its a *REALLY* nice radio!!


Gerald J. Walsh                         | Internet: gwalsh@kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov
Jet Propulsion Laboratory               | Phone   : (818) 354-3913
RF and Microwave Subsystems Section     | Fax     : (818) 354-2825
M/S 238-528                             | 
4800 Oak Grove Drive                    | 
Pasadena, CA  91109                     | 

----- End Included Message -----


Looks good!

One more feature worth mentioning for humour value:

If you hold down M and PTT and power up, the HT enters "game mode".  You get
"0000" on the left of the screen. Press "0" and digits start changing
rapidly in hex (consequently all appearing as "8"). By pressing 1,2,3 or F
you stop the appropriate column. If they all come up the same, er, well I
guess you win... maybe something good happens then. Maybe it enables
transmit on, cellphone, air, and 30cm :-). At 1 chance in 65536 I'm not
about to try to find out, though...

(Somebody with the service manual told me the above)
-- 
Pontus Hedman			rph@sq.com		{uunet|utzoo}!sq!rph
VE3RPH				(416) 963-8337

Despite what I said in my previous msg about not wanting to try it, I just
did. Much to my amazement, after only one or two minutes, I won! By timing
the keypresses very carefully, one can improve the chances from 1 in 4096
significantly, it seems [ignore my "1 in 65536" in my previous mail,
obviously I wasn't thinking straight.. obviously there are 16 winning
combinations out of 65536]

And yes, something Interesting does happen when you get all four numbers the
same (at least when you get "2222" like I got). More specifically, the
display starts doing something humorous.


From cyamamot Mon Apr  8 09:27:11 1991
Return-Path: <cyamamot>
Received: by kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov (4.1/SMI-4.1+DXRs2.0)
	id AA11607; Mon, 8 Apr 91 09:27:09 PDT
Message-Id: <9104081627.AA11607@kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov>
Subject: TH-77A PLL Unlock Override Mod
To: th77a-owners
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 91 9:27:08 PDT
Cc: cyamamot (Clifford Yamamoto)
From: cyamamot@kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov (Cliff Yamamoto)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Labs, Pasadena, Calif.
Return-Receipt-To: cyamamot@kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]
Status: RO

After receiving the service manual and completing the 'chip resistor' mods
for my TH-77A, I have another mod to share.

Some of you may have been annoyed at the constant beeping when the PLL is
not in lock even though you are able to listen at a given frequency.  Yet
adjusting the VFOs is quite a task.  They are both shielded and soldered to
the board.  There is no external access to the VFO can for any adjustments.
In fact, there are no adjustable coils or trimmers in the VFO!

I have found my VFO range to be quite adequate, however, just the beeps were
bothersome.  But not anymore!  Here is a simple mod which defeats the PLL
unlock signal from reaching the CPU.  There are some pros and cons associated
with this however :

*** Pro ***
- The receiver never beeps anymore even though you have a marginal battery
  (which affects VFO/PLL lock) and are capable of receiving the given freq.
- Since the receiver no longer beeps, you can dial thru frequencies quickly
  without waiting a full half-second for the display to change each time
  the radio beeps.
- When an out of band transmit is attempted, the transmitter no longer shuts
  off after 1 second due to marginal PLL lock.
*** Con ***
- You will not know, w/o some sort of monitor receiver, if you are xmitting
  when far out of band.  That is because the meter will show full scale
  even if the PLL is out of lock and not transmitting on frequency.
- At the extreme edges of PLL lock, the VFO will vary widely in 'sling-shot'
  fashion until lock occurs (sometimes after 1 full second).  This means
  your transmitted signal may be all over the band until lock occurs.

If you feel the pro outweigh the con, you may be interested in performing
this mod.  Be aware, that YOU are responsible for the purity, accuracy and
stability of any transmissions you make from your TH-77A.  THIS MODIFICATION
WILL DEFINITELY VOID YOUR WARRANTY AND PERMIT OUT-OF-BAND TRANSMISSIONS OF
QUESTIONABLE QUALITY AT CERTAIN FREQUENCIES.  You should not perform any
out-of-band transmissions with this modification in place.  THE INTENT OF
THIS MODIFICATION IS TO ALLEVIATE PLL LOCK PROBLEMS IN *RECEIVE* ONLY!!

Now that the legalities are done, on with the mod.  (Because I am too
lazy to make drawings and directions, I have copied the one below from
an earlier mod posted about the TH-77A - with the required changes)

MODIFICATIONS FOR IGNORING PLL UNLOCK

Open up the radio.  There are 3 screws visible on the outside and 4 more
underneath where the battery pack goes.

Locate the control board which is fixed to the front section of the radio.
Look for the 100uF electrolytic capacitor (it's yellow in mine) that is at
the dead center of the board (there are two IC's, one above it and one
below it).  It is most likely a PC mount (NOT an axial type capacitor with
one lead on each end) capacitor lying on its side.  You will be attaching a
single wire to the negative lead of this 100uF capacitor.  To avoid tearing
the flex board foil traces, do not bend the leads of the capacitor.

Orient the radio so that the volume controls and BNC are at 12 O'Clock on
your table (farthest from you) and the bottom (where the battery connects)
is at 6 O'Clock (nearest you).  Looking at the lower IC which should be a
rectangular NEC 75116GF-67x-3BE, there are 19 pins running along the lower
edge closest to where the battery connects.  There should be an embossed
dimple or dot on the lower left corner of the IC to indicate pin 1.  As you
count from the left, locate pins 12 and 13.  These two pins are defined as
follows:

pin 12 - VHF Unlock Input
pin 13 - UHF Unlock Input

Normally these pins are low to indicate the PLL is in lock.  When you change
frequency, they *momentarily* go high (at worst about 250 milliseconds) while
the VFO comes into lock.  If the pulse stays high for longer than this period
the CPU interprets this as a marginal lock and begins to beep.  What we are
going to do is permanently ground these pins (or just one if you prefer) to
trick the CPU into thinking the PLL's are always in lock.  There is no need
to worry about shorting the output of the PLL's unlock pin since there is a
4.7K resistor between it and the CPU pins.

The best way to do this is with some fine gauge wire (I used #30 wire-wrap).
If you are going to disable both VHF and UHF unlock, you can just short pins
12 and 13 together.  Then connect the other end of your wire to the negative
lead of that 100uF capacitor you found earlier.  Here is a little pictorial
to clear things up:


                  --       --       --
                  ||       ||       ||
                 /  \     /  \     /  \
                --------------------------
                |                        |
                |                        \-\
                |                          |
                |           +---------+    |
                |           |         |    |
                |           | Hitachi |    |
                |           |         |    |
                |           \---------+    |
                |                          |
                |       X      | | |       |
                |  +----X                  |
                |  |                      /
                |  |                     /
                |  | /---------------\   |
                |  | | NEC           |   |
                |  | |               |   |
                |  | |               |   |
                |  | | .             |   |
                |  | \---------------/   |
                |  |  1      11     1    |
                |  |         23     9    |
                |  ----------++          |
                --------------------------

    The X's are where the 100uF capacitor is soldered to the board.  Just
    tack your wire onto the capacitor's negative lead or onto it's circuit
    pad.

That's it!  Of course this mod does nothing for you unless you have already
completed the 'chip resistor' mods for allowing out of band reception.  Try
dialing up a frequency that used to beep every time your rotated the tuning
knob (most likely a 800 Mhz frequency).  It should no longer beep.  In fact
you could probably dialup 512 Mhz and key up the transmitter and get a full
scale reading.  But remember, your VFO probably won't get that high anyway,
and you are most likely transmitting at some frequency where the VFO tops
out at and begins to ripple in frequency as it fruitlessly attempts to lock.

SOME PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

After retuning my UHF front end, I can now listen to some public service
frequencies in peace, without the annoying beep.  However, keep in mind
that if you are listening to something at 490 Mhz, your VFO is running way
down at about 432 Mhz.  I think a number of people feel that if they can
receive at a given frequency (even marginally) they should be able to key
up solidly.

If you like living dangerously and transmitting out-of-band please be
considerate and know the limitations of your TH-77A.  Although being able
to transmit out-of-band with this non FCC type-accepted is risky enough, I
must reiterate that YOU must now be watchful about your TH-77A operation.
With this mod in place, the TH-77A will NO LONGER protect you from 
transmitting with a marginal output.  The transmitter will key up whenever
you ask it to, even while the PLL is still hunting for lock.  However, I'm
sure most of you will perform this mod simply to make receiving out-of-band
more enjoyable as I've found.

Well, I hope this information helps you get more from you new toy!  Happy
monitoring!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USnail: Clifford K. Yamamoto - KA6JRG  | Email:  cyamamot@kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov
        Jet Propelled La-bore-atore-ee |         cyamamot@grissom.jpl.nasa.gov
        4800 Oak Grove Drive           |         cyamamot@jato.jpl.nasa.gov
        M/S 238-528, Section 333       |         cky@euclid.jpl.nasa.gov
        Pasadena, Calif.  91109        |         cky@hydra.jpl.nasa.gov
---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------


        PUSHING THE TH-77A UHF RECEIVER HIGHER IN FREQUENCY

Have you ever wondered if the TH-77A UHF receiver could be "squeezed"
out further beyond the end of the amateur band at 450MHz?  If you've
already made the chip resistor mods that allow you to go beyond 450MHz
then you're half way there!  When I made the chip resistor mod I was
hoping to hear activity up in the 480MHz area, and hopefully in the
506MHz area also.  Well, the 480MHz region was quite noisy and I always
had to find a hot spot to listen.  Needless to say that the 506MHz region
was non-existent.  (NOTE:  Even after these adjustments the 506MHz region
was not very good in my radio.  However, I have seen some radios that work
rather well at 506MHz without this adjustment!).  So, I decided to "take a
look" inside and see if there was anything in there that I could "turn" to
improve reception.  It turns out that there is a bandpass filter in the
front end of the radio that can be re-tuned to your liking.


FINDING THE BANDPASS FILTER ON THE SCHEMATIC

Grab your schematic diagram entitled, "TH-77A/77E Schematic Diagram" and
flip it over to the back side.  Locate the antenna input at the upper
right of the schematic.  Follow the trace from the antenna to the left
towards the "UHF Pwr Amp Unit".  Just before this unit follow the trace
down through L207, Q207 and then stop at L226 just before Q206.  If you
look at the "TH-77A/77E Block Diagram" and follow the same flow you will
see the bandpass filter between Q207 and Q206.


FINDING THE BANDPASS FILTER IN THE RADIO

It's time to open the radio up!  Since you've already made the chip resistor
mods we'll assume that you know how to carefully open up the radio.  Once
open, you'll be working with the front half of the radio (opposite that
where you made the chip resistor mods).  This half of the radio is where
all the RF is done (both TX and RX).  There is a VHF board and a UHF board.
Unfortunately, the VHF board is on top so it must be removed to gain
access to the UHF board.  Observe the screws that are holding down the
board.  Carefully remove them and put them in a place so that you know
which holes they go back into.  Once the screws are removed you'll have to
"work" the board out of the header connector towards the bottom of the
radio.  It goes without saying, but BE CAREFUL!!  Once you've removed
the board you'll see a metal plate that separates this VHF board from the
UHF board.  Fortunately, Kenwood made three holes in the metal plate
to access the bandpass filter that you've just found!


TUNING THE BANDPASS FILTER

I was a bit anxious to "play" with the bandpass filter so when I did mine
it was around 2am at home so I didn't have a RF generator to do it
properly.  I would suggest that you use a RF generator, if possible, so
that you can keep track of the sensitivity of the receiver in the amateur
band.  Without a generator you'll have to tune to a high frequency that
you are interested in receiving (hoping that the channel is active) and
then tweak the bandpass filter to improve reception.  Then you'll have to
switch back to the amateur band and key up a repeater to see what the
sensitivity is like.

Since I did not use a RF generator I can only give my view of how it
should be done.  I would connect the RF generator to the radio and dial
up a frequency that I am interested in being able to receive.  Then,
start with the generator output very low (modulated with a 1KHz tone
at 2 or 3KHz deviation) and bring it up slowly until you begin to hear
the tone in the receiver.  At this point, adjust the bandpass filter
a little at a time, making note of where the coil screw is before you
begin to move it so you can go back if things are not working out.  I
wouldn't adjust the bandpass filter to get too much improvement because
any improvement at this frequency means a degredation in the amateur
band.  You don't want to be too far away from the 0.18uV sensitivity
specification for the amateur band.  You'll have to play with it to find
the spot where the tradeoffs are acceptable.  One thing I can't remember,
though, is whether you have to put the VHF board back in each time you
make an adjustment so the radio will work (in order to listen to the
speaker).  That may have been necessary to "transmit" since in my case
I had to kerchunk a UHF repeater to test my sensitivity in the amateur
band.

I was interested in getting the 506MHz region to work better, but I had
to give up on that.  It is much better than it was without making these
adjustments, but I still need to be in the primary coverage area for the
506MHz transmitter to hear it "ok".

Once you're satisfied with the performance, put the VHF board back in,
screw everything down and close the radio up.  Another good test of how
your radio is performing in the amateur band is to switch the VHF side
into UHF operation.  Dial up your favorite UHF repeater on both the
"VHF doing UHF" side and the normal UHF side.   Then kerchunk the repeater
and do a quick comparision of the S-Meter's.  (This might be a good
comparision to try before hand also to get an idea of how the two compare
before making these adjustments).

That's about it!  Enjoy the extra capabilties of your radio!  Now, since
we can hear all these other frequencies i'm anxious to hear from anyone
who can find out how to modify the radio to get more memory channels, HI HI!


Gerald J. Walsh                      | Internet: gwalsh@kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov
Jet Propulsion Laboratory            | Packet  : KB6OOC@W6VIO.#SOCA.CA.USA.NA
RF and Microwave Subsystems Section  | Phone   : (818) 354-3913
M/S 238-528                          | Fax     : (818) 354-2825
4800 Oak Grove Drive                 |
Pasadena, CA  91109                  |




