Impedance Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator

Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, minimum attenuation, impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a resistive matching Pi attenuator.

1) Enter the required input and output impedance and the required attenuation then press "Calculate" below to obtain the Ideal resistor values.

Input Impedance:	Ohms	Ideal Shunt In resistor:			Ohms
Output Impedance:	Ohms	Ideal Shunt Out resistor:			Ohms
Required Attenuation:	dB	Ideal Series resistor:			Ohms
		Minimum possible attenuation to achieve impedance match:			dB


2) Change the calculated resistor values in the amber text boxes below to the nearest Preferred Resistor Values or to those available then press " Calculate" below to get the resulting attenuator parameters.

Shunt In resistor:	Ohms	Forward Attenuation:	dB	Reverse Attenuation:	dB
Shunt Out resistor:	Ohms	Input Impedance:	Ohms	Output Impedance:	Ohms
Series resistor:	Ohms	Input VSWR:		Output VSWR:
Mismatch Losses:	Included (see note below)	Input Reflection Coefficient:		Output Reflection Coefficient:
		Input Return Loss:	dB	Output Return Loss:	dB

The required input and output impedance are used to calculate the minimum attenuation possible for correct impedance matching with a formula from RF Design Guide, Systems, Circuits and Equations by Peter Vizmuller Published by Artech House ISBN 0-89006-754-6

Where Z_in is the systems characteristic input impedance and Z_out the system characteristic output impedance

Peter Vizmuller also gives formulas for calculating the resistor values directly. This calculator uses formulas that have been derived and first finds the output voltage with a source EMF of 2 Volts and therefore an input PD of 1 Volt.

The individual ideal resistor values can now be found.

After selecting preferred values, simple series and parallel resistor calculations are used to find the attenuator input impedance, input voltage and output voltage. The source EMF is again assumed to be 2 Volts.

The remaining formulas for Attenuation, Voltage Reflection Coefficient and VSWR are available at:-

http://www.kathrein-scala.com/tech_bulletins/EngRef.pdf

Note: With the Mismatch Losses box ticked the calculator will return an attenuation calculated from the source power in relation to the attenuator output power which is suitable for calculations at RF and Microwave frequencies, particularly if the attenuator is located away from the source at the end of a transmission line. Without the Mismatch Losses box ticked the calculator will return an attenuation calculated from the actual input power to the attenuator in relation to the output power which is more suitable for calculations at audio frequencies. The difference in attenuation with the two methods is only noticeable when there is a significant mismatch.

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