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Abe,
I agree with you.
I believe that the test loading value specified in IBIS should be
consistent with datasheet.
If we can get Tco [clock to output] from driver's spec and Tsetup
(Thold) [setup time, hold time]
from receiver's spec ( and with clock's info. available), we can
determine the max. and min.
flight time for the data.
To determine the max. flight time (assume zero skew, jitter),
I'll use the formula:
Tflight_max = Tcycle - Tco_max -Tsetup
And to determine the min. flight time, I'll use:
Tflight_min = Thold - Tco_min
And in my opinion, I think the Tco can be decomposed as IC
internal delay plus
TIME_TO_VM, which depends on loading outside the driver. To avoid double
subtraction with the
TIME_TO_VM on the right side of above formula, the flight time obtained
from simulation (IDD file
generated by Quad's tool) should be corrected by subtracting the
TIME_TO_VM.
In many cases, where the TIME_TO_VM will be different for rising
and falling.
And sometimes, the asymmetry between rising and falling will be quite
significant, that will result in
some persecution. Because we'll have only one Tco in the spec.
For example, I have
one driver A with Tco =2.5nS
one receiver B with Tsetup=2nS
running speed is 133MHz (Tcycle=7.5 nS).
TIME_TO_VM for the driver is 0.8nS on rising and 1.8nS on falling.
According to above formula Tflight_max =7.5 - 2.5 - 2 = 3nS
What if my simulation result reports the Tflight_rise (rising) = 3.2nS
and Tflight_fall (falling) = 2.8nS for
some signal from layout database? (Not caused by ringback!)
It happened because the real loading in actual application won't
necessarily be the same as the test loading
used in spec. But how should I deal with it? Pass or reject?
Any comments will also be highly appreciated!
With best regards,
Steve Ting
EDA/CAE Engineer
INVENTEC CORPORATION
BM__MailData-----Original Message-----
From: Abe Riazi [ mailto:[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
]
Sent: Sunday, May 16, 1999 12:50 AM
To: '[email protected]'
Cc: Walt Otto
Subject: [SI-LIST] : Looking Inside IBIS Model
Dear All,
An IBIS model contains several different sections including
package
parasitics, pin mapping, DC I-V curves and V-T tables. Each part
performs a useful function and desreves attention when evaluating the
accuracy of an IBIS behavioral model.
Also present in some models are parameters Cref, Rref, Vref
and
Vmeas, which define the test load used by the semiconductor vendors when
determining propagation delay or switching time of the device. Where:
Cref: A shunt capacitor which connects the driver output to Ground.
Rref: A resistor connecting the output of device to Vref.
Vref: Timing specification test load voltage.
Vmeas: Reference voltage for timing measurements, with a value
between input logic low ( Vinl ) amd input voltage high ( Vinh )
thresholds.
Based on IBIS standards, Vmeas, Cref, Rref, and Vref
parameters are
optional. Therefore, there are many models which lack these parameters.
But if accurately specified they can aid board level timing simulation
runs.
I always look for them in driver models for several reasons:
1. For an appraisal of the quality of the model.
2. For a comparison with the test load specified in the AC timing
section of the device's datasheet.
3. If determined to be consistent with the datasheet, then to be
employed in time_To_Vm calibration runs of the Quad models (generated
from IBIS models by means of IBIS2XTK conversion program.)
I have seen numerous models having test load parameters
inconsistent
with the datasheet and have asked following question from several IBIS
model developers:
For timing calibration runs should the test load defined in
the IBIS
model be used or the one specified in the datasheet ?
The answers have varied. Some IC vendors have suggested using
the
test load defined in the model, while others have recommended the
circuit described by the datasheet. I agree with the latter, and prefer
using the dataheet's test load, whenever there is a diference between
the test loads of the model and the datasheet. Another benefit gained
by referring to the datasheet is that the test loads for the Min, Typ
and Max corners can be different; this variation is often described in
the datasheet, but seldom in the IBIS model.
It is important to note that during development of an IBIS
model the
parameters Rref, Cref, and Vmeas are not utilized for generation of any
of the waveforms (i.e. pullup, pull down, rising, falling, etc.). They
should not be confused with R_fixture, C_fixture, and V_fixture which
are in contrast used for creation of rising and falling tables.
To clarify certain points of this discussion, three examples
have
been prepared:
Example 1. Following parameters were obtained from IBIS
model of a
CMOS DRAM:
Vinl = 1.2 V, Vinh = 1.6 V, Vmeas = 1.4 V, Vref = 1.4 V, Rref = 28
Ohms, Cref = 0.0 pF, R_fixture = 28 Ohms, V_fixture = 1.8 V.
Example 2. Parmameters adapted from behavioral mode1 of a
Graphic
Accelator chip:
Vinl = 0.8 V, Vinh = 2.0 V, Vmeas = 1.4 V, Cref = 0.0 pF, R_fixture =
50 Ohms, V_fixture = 3.3 V, V_fixture_min = 3.135 V, V_fixture_max =
3.465 V.
Example 3. Extracted from IBIS model of a Programmable Logic
Device
(PLD):
Vinl = 0.8 V, Vinh = 2.0 V, Vmeas = 1.5 V, Rref = 100 K, Cref = 50
pF, Vref = 0.0 V, R_fixture = 50 Ohms, V_fixture = V_fixture_max =
V_fixture_min = 0.0 V.
The fixture parameters define the loading conditions under
which a
rising or falling waveform is generated. According to IBIS standards,
only R_fixture and V_fixture are required, the remaining subparameters
are optional. It is believed that test fixtures composed of R_fixture,
V_fixture, V_fixture_min and V_fixture_max provide the optimum data
needed for production of a behavioral model. When a subparameter is
missing, its value is assumed to be zero by default.
To summarize, test load and test fixture parameters are not
equivalent. When Vmeas, Vref, Rref, and Cref are accurately specified
for a driver model, consistent with the datasheet, then they represent
valuable information which can facilitate the timing synchronization
runs and hence enhance the overall efficiency of a SI simulation. Test
load circuits are not needed for receiver models.
Your comments regarding this topic are highly appreciated.
Best Regards,
Abe Riazi
Anigma, Inc.
**** To unsubscribe from si-list: send e-mail to
[email protected]. In the BODY of message put: UNSUBSCRIBE
si-list, for more help, put HELP. si-list archives are accessible at
http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu/si-list <http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu/si-list>
****
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Abe,
I agree with you.
I believe that the test =
loading value =
specified in IBIS should be =
consistent with datasheet.
If we can get Tco [clock to =
output] from driver's spec and Tsetup =
(Thold) [setup time, hold time]
from receiver's =
spec ( and with =
clock's info. available), we can determine =
the max. and =
min.
flight time for the data.
To determine the max. =
flight time (assume zero skew, =
jitter), I'll use the =
formula:
Tflight_max =3D =
Tcycle - Tco_max -Tsetup
And to determine the min. flight time, I'll use:
Tflight_min =3D Thold - =
Tco_min
And in my opinion, I think the Tco can be decomposed =
as IC internal delay plus
TIME_TO_VM, =
which depends on =
loading outside the driver. =
To avoid double subtraction =
with =
the
TIME_TO_VM on the right side =
of above formula, the =
flight time obtained from simulation (IDD =
file
generated by Quad's tool) should be =
corrected by subtracting the TIME_TO_VM.
In many cases, where =
the TIME_TO_VM will be different =
for rising and falling.
And sometimes, the asymmetry =
between rising and falling will be quite significant, that =
will result in
some persecution. Because we'll have only one Tco in the spec.
For example, I have
one driver A with Tco =
=3D2.5nS
one receiver B with =
Tsetup=3D2nS
running speed is 133MHz (Tcycle=3D7.5 nS). =
TIME_TO_VM for the driver is 0.8nS on =
rising and 1.8nS =
on falling.
According to above formula Tflight_max =3D7.5 - 2.5 - 2 =3D 3nS
What if my simulation result =
reports the Tflight_rise =
(rising) =3D 3.2nS and =
Tflight_fall (falling) =3D =
2.8nS for
s=
ome signal from layout database? (Not =
caused by ringback!)
It happened because the real loading in actual application won't necessarily be the =
same as the test loading
used in =
spec. But how should I deal with it? Pass or =
reject?
Any comments will also be highly appreciated!
With best = regards,
Steve =
Ting
EDA/CAE =
Engineer
INVENTEC =
CORPORATION
-----Original =
Message-----
From: Abe Riazi [mailto:[email protected]]=
B>
Sent: Sunday, May 16, 1999 12:50 =
AM
To: '[email protected]'
Cc: Walt =
Otto
Subject: =
[SI-LIST] : Looking Inside IBIS =
Model
Dear All,
An IBIS model contains =
several different sections including package
parasitics, pin mapping, DC I-V =
curves and V-T tables. Each part
performs a useful function and =
desreves attention when evaluating the
accuracy of an IBIS behavioral model. =
Also present in some =
models are parameters Cref, Rref, Vref and
Vmeas, which define the test load =
used by the semiconductor vendors when
determining propagation delay or =
switching time of the device. Where:
Cref: A shunt capacitor =
which connects the driver output to Ground.
Rref: A resistor =
connecting the output of device to Vref.
Vref: Timing =
specification test load voltage.
Vmeas: Reference voltage =
for timing measurements, with a value
between input logic low ( Vinl ) amd input voltage high ( Vinh =
)
thresholds.
Based on IBIS standards, =
Vmeas, Cref, Rref, and Vref parameters are
optional. Therefore, there are =
many models which lack these parameters.
But if accurately specified =
they can aid board level timing =
simulation
runs.
I always look for = them in driver models for several reasons:
1. For an appraisal =
of the quality of the model.
2. For a =
comparison with the test load specified in the AC timing
section of the device's =
datasheet.
3. If =
determined to be consistent with the datasheet, then to be
employed in time_To_Vm calibration =
runs of the Quad models (generated
from IBIS models by means of IBIS2XTK =
conversion program.)
I have seen =
numerous models having test load parameters inconsistent
with the datasheet and have =
asked following question from several IBIS
model developers:
For timing calibration =
runs should the test load defined in the IBIS
model be used or the one specified in =
the datasheet ?
The answers have varied. =
Some IC vendors have suggested using the
test load defined in the model, while =
others have recommended the
circuit described by the =
datasheet. I agree with the latter, and prefer
using the dataheet's test load, =
whenever there is a diference =
between
the test loads of the model and the =
datasheet. Another benefit gained
by referring to the datasheet is that =
the test loads for the Min, Typ
and Max corners can be different; =
this variation is often described in
the datasheet, but seldom in the IBIS model.
It is important to note =
that during development of an IBIS model the
parameters Rref, Cref, and Vmeas are =
not utilized for generation of any
of the waveforms (i.e. pullup, =
pull down, rising, falling, etc.). They
should not be confused with R_fixture, C_fixture, and V_fixture =
which
are in contrast used for creation of =
rising and falling tables.
To clarify certain points =
of this discussion, three examples have
been prepared:
Example 1. =
Following parameters were obtained from IBIS model of a
CMOS DRAM:
Vinl =3D 1.2 V, Vinh =3D =
1.6 V, Vmeas =3D 1.4 V, Vref =3D 1.4 V, Rref =3D 28
Ohms, Cref =3D 0.0 pF, R_fixture =3D =
28 Ohms, V_fixture =3D 1.8 V.
Example 2. =
Parmameters adapted from behavioral mode1 of a Graphic
Accelator chip:
Vinl =3D 0.8 V, Vinh =3D =
2.0 V, Vmeas =3D 1.4 V, Cref =3D 0.0 pF, R_fixture =3D
50 Ohms, V_fixture =3D 3.3 V, =
V_fixture_min =3D 3.135 V, V_fixture_max =3D
3.465 V.
Example 3. =
Extracted from IBIS model of a Programmable Logic Device
(PLD):
Vinl =3D 0.8 V, =
Vinh =3D 2.0 V, Vmeas =3D 1.5 V, =
Rref =3D 100 K, Cref =3D 50
pF, Vref =3D 0.0 V, R_fixture =3D 50 =
Ohms, V_fixture =3D V_fixture_max =3D
V_fixture_min =3D 0.0 V.
The fixture parameters =
define the loading conditions under which a
rising or falling waveform is =
generated. According to IBIS =
standards,
only R_fixture and V_fixture are =
required, the remaining subparameters
are optional. It is believed =
that test fixtures composed of R_fixture,
V_fixture, V_fixture_min and =
V_fixture_max provide the optimum data
needed for production of a behavioral model. When a =
subparameter is
missing, its value is assumed to be =
zero by default.
To summarize, test load =
and test fixture parameters are not
equivalent. When Vmeas, Vref, =
Rref, and Cref are accurately specified
for a driver model, consistent with the datasheet, then they =
represent
valuable information which can =
facilitate the timing synchronization
runs and hence enhance the overall =
efficiency of a SI simulation. Test
load circuits are not needed for =
receiver models.
Your = comments regarding this topic are = highly appreciated.
Best = Regards,
Abe Riazi
Anigma, Inc.
**** To unsubscribe from si-list: send = e-mail to [email protected]. In the BODY of message put: = UNSUBSCRIBE si-list, for more help, put HELP. si-list archives = are accessible at http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu/si-list ****
**** To unsubscribe from si-list: send e-mail to [email protected]. In the BODY of message put: UNSUBSCRIBE si-list, for more help, put HELP. si-list archives are accessible at http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu/si-list ****