Submissions for the newsletter must be received by the 10th of the month and may be snail or e-mailed to the editor at:
Norm Huber
19266 E. US Hwy 150
Bloomington, IL  61704-5855
e-mail  n9zks@earthlink.net

Permission is granted to Amateur Radio-related organizations to reproduce contents of Short CIRCuits provided full credit is given.

73 de KB9NPH, Larry

The Sept. club meeting started at 7:30 p.m. with introduction of members.
Rick WD9HRU, presented the treasury report, Checking  ,  Savings
Dean AA9BS motioned to accept treasures report. Tom seconded. Motion carried.
There was discussion on ordering new jackets and caps. 10-12 members showed interest. If you would like to order, contact one of the officers. Details at the next club meeting.
WE NEED YOU…Its time to elect 2003 officers, anyone interested contact a 2002 officer.
Keith AC9S and Earla N9VXY volunteered to contact members.
Christmas party time, Ned Kellys was the suggestion. Date as of the Sept. meeting, is Dec. 5th at 6:30p.m.
Rick WD9HRU talked about the upcoming Jingle Bell Run. Get out those HTs. Date is Nov. 10th. More details at the October meeting.
The next test session is Nov.16th at 1:00 p.m. downstairs at the Bloomington Library.
WE NEED YOU… Newsletter articles are needed to keep our members up to date. Contact Norm N9ZKS via E-mail, or a club officer. Also if you know of someone who has a interesting story or hobby invite them to give  a presentation at one of our club meetings. Contact a club officer.
Ralph K9ZO will present a interesting presentation at the October 23, meeting.  With slides on his past contest trips. Invite others to attend.
Decatur Hamfest coming up. Oct 6th.
Eldon KB9PZA brought his APRS setup and explained some of the details in operation and software setup. Thank You, Eldon.
Dean AA9BS motioned to adjourn,  Andy K9IKR seconded meeting adjourned 8:35 p.m.
Next meeting October 23.

Inside the small battery, a colony of E. coli bacteria produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates, releasing hydrogen atoms. The cell also contains chemicals that drive a series of reduction and oxidation reactions, stripping electrons from the hydrogen atoms and delivering them steadily to the fuel cell's anode. This creates a voltage that can be used to power a circuit.

Earlier MFCs were inefficient because they relied on energy-hungry filters and pumps. According to the UWE team, its current organic battery can produce eight times as much power as previous MFCs.

Go to http://link.abpi.net/l.php?20021017A5 for more information.

NASA researchers have demonstrated the ability to very precisely navigate airplanes in real time, anywhere in the world, independent of local navigational aids or infrastructure. The breakthrough will not only benefit scientists, but promises to extend precision navigation to infrastructure-poor areas of the world, potentially enhancing aviation safety in these areas.

Ron Muellerschoen, lead architect of the NASA Global Differential GPS system at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., has demonstrated the ability of the system to achieve real-time aircraft positioning accuracy of 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) horizontally and 20 centimeters (7.9 inches) vertically, anywhere in the world-a factor of 10 improvement over current autonomous navigation systems. The system relays precise, real-time navigation data to specially equipped aircraft. The JPL team's results were presented recently at the Institute of Navigation Global Positioning System (GPS) 2002 Exhibit in Portland, Ore.

Although developed to improve the accuracy, efficiency and timeliness of Earth science missions, the technology's by-products may also include numerous civil and commercial applications in such areas as aviation safety, marine operations, land management, transportation and agriculture, said Dr. Yoaz Bar-Sever, the principal investigator for NASA's Global Differential GPS system at JPL. "Civil and commercial navigation services, currently only available within Earth's infrastructure-rich regions, could now be extended to any part of the world without lowering performance and with little to no marginal cost," he said.

Within the field of Earth science, Bar-Sever said the technology would be used to develop better exploration techniques for Earth observing instruments flying aboard aircraft and spacecraft. "The ability of Earth science instruments to precisely and autonomously know their position and velocity in real time is critical to many Earth observing applications, including monitoring and responding to natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and hurricanes," he said.

JPL's Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Group has already used the precise real positioning from the Global Differential GPS system to improve the resolution of Earth images from NASA's aircraft-based Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument, said Group Supervisor David Imel. Imel envisions even greater use for the system in the near future. "For missions where an aircraft must fly exactly the same flight profile repeatedly, in order to sense subtle changes in the Earth from one flight to the next, the need for the extremely precise navigational accuracy that this system provides is critical," he said.

In space, precise onboard knowledge of position will improve the efficiency of a spacecraft's onboard data processing and reduce the time needed to transmit data to the ground. Bar-Sever and his team have already conducted successful demonstrations of decimeter-level real-time satellite positioning using data from NASA's Jason-1 spacecraft and the Argentinean Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C satellite. The team is currently developing a prototype payload to be flown aboard a spacecraft.

The NASA Global Differential GPS system flight demonstrations were conducted over the United States and Greenland in February through September 2002 aboard a NASA Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar DC-8 aircraft from NASA's Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif., and a NASA P-3 aircraft from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Va.

Developed and operated by JPL since 1999 for NASA's terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborne science applications, NASA's Global Differential GPS system provides end-to-end capabilities for autonomous, real-time orbit determination and positioning at unprecedented levels of accuracy and availability. The system processes real-time GPS data from a global network of more than 30 dual-frequency GPS ground sites. It is the only system in existence that provides global, multiply redundant, real-time coverage of all GPS satellites, all the time. It routinely and automatically produces the most accurate real-time estimates of GPS satellite orbits and clocks, media calibrations and many other products and performance metrics. The system leverages NASA investments in the global GPS network and the U.S. Government's investment in the Wide Area Augmentation System navigation technology developed at JPL.

NASA's Earth Science Technology Office funds the development of the Global Differential GPS system, with support from the Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program within NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. More information about the Internet-based Global Differential GPS system is available online at: http://gipsy.jpl.nasa.gov/igdg/.

The California Institute of Technology in Pasadena manages JPL for NASA.