Setting the K2 Dial Calibration

Don Wilhelm W3FPR

mailto:[email protected]

Updated 12/04/2003 to include the "N6KR Method"

 

The subject of obtaining better dial calibration has come up repeatedly over the life of the K2, and usually results in lively discussion on the Elecraft reflector.  Many users have their favorite methods while there are others who have tried following the steps in the K2 manual and for some reason find the process cumbersome.

 

By creating this document, I attempt to clarify what is happening when you perform the steps to calibrate the K2, and present various methods to accomplish the task.

 

This is a hyper linked document, and I have included return links in most cases, but most links will return you to the top of the page.  To return to the place in the document where you linked from, use the BACK button on your browser.  Many of the referenced documents will open in a separate window, so you will have to close them when you are finished with that particular document.

 

This is the first edition of this document, so please pardon me if there are any errors, but please do tell me about them so they can be corrected.

 

First, a bit of mixed fact and theory (and a few first person opinions) about how the K2 goes about the task of deciding what numbers to display as the operating frequency.

 

The K2 VFO is a PLL synthesizer design – This particular implementation was chosen by the K2 designers for 1) low phase noise (and lower noise of other types too), 2) the design is reasonable to duplicate (very important in a kit), and 3) with parts that are cost effective (making the K2 more affordable).

 

The K2 depends on the accuracy of the reference oscillator during CAL PLL, CAL FIL, and CAL FCTR functions.  At other times the oscillator is required for the K2 to function, but an accurate frequency is not required at that point.  This reference oscillator is implemented with a crystal, and the long-term stability depends on temperature, innate stability of the crystal material itself, and other factors.  To achieve the best calibration, it is critical to set the oscillator as close as possible 4000.000 kHz, shortly before calibrating the K2.

 

The K2 frequency display is handled by the microprocessor from look-up tables, rather than directly reading the frequency.  The values in the table for the VFO are created when CAL PLL is run, and CAL FIL creates the values in the BFO table.  In SSB mode (and RTTY, if enabled) the VFO and BFO values are used to compute the frequency you see on the display.  For CW and CWr, a frequency offset equal to the sidetone pitch you have selected is also calculated into the display.  The K2 always shows the actual signal frequency – but for this to happen correctly in CW, the audio tone of the signal you are receiving must match your selected sidetone frequency.

 

 

Limitations to dial calibration for the K2

 

In the process of creating a design, some decisions were made.  One of these decisions was to select the number of bits to include in the Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) used in the K2.  Since these decisions are already implemented, there is not much that can be done to improve it (short of selling your K2 and buying another transceiver).  So knowing what limitations these decisions impose is necessary if we are to avoid ‘beating our heads against the wall’ while trying to accomplish the impossible.

 

 

·         The dial frequency reading itself is limited to 10 Hz increments.

o        That really means that we can’t resolve the K2 frequency any finer than that (we cannot interpolate from a digital dial like we could if it were analog)

·         The PLL step size is in increments (i.e., the VFO tunes in increments) – and the increments are larger at higher frequencies.

o        About 3 Hz on the 160 meter band

o        Around 7 Hz on 20 meters

o        Approximately 10 Hz on 10 meters

·         The BFO increments in steps too – and the step size ranges from 20 to 35 Hz.

·         The frequency displayed on the K2 dial is the VFO frequency +/- the BFO frequency (and in CW and CWr modes only) +/- the sidetone pitch.

 

Given the size of these increments, after all the math is done, you could determine that the best one can accomplish in dial accuracy for the K2 is to get it within 20 Hz.  Even that takes a lot of work and care with measurements.  If your expectations are within 30 Hz, the task is a bit easier, but not easy enough to allow sloppy procedures.

 

Credits:

Most of the information above comes from the K2 manual written by Wayne Burdick N6KR and Eric Schwartz WA6HHQ with additional material derived from a post to the Elecraft reflector by John Grebenkemper KI6WX dated April 17, 2003.  Click the link to view John’s post in entirety.

 

THE MAIN PROCEDURE - 

 

FOUR EASY STEPS TO K2 DIAL CALIBRATION

 

  1. Set the K2 reference oscillator (C22 on the control board) to 4000.000 kHz.
  2. Run CAL PLL – (this writes the VFO/DAC value relationships into a lookup table).
  3. Run CAL FIL.
  4. All done – remove the probe, replace the screws, and operate!

 

That is all there is to the process – yes really.

 

 

DIFFICULTIES

 

If the steps above seem simplistic, I admit – they are.  But, these are the steps needed. My presentation is not meant to over-simplify, but to provide clarity.  Each step outlined above can be considered separately.  But if more than one step is performed, they must be performed in order. 

 

The difficulty lies not with process outlined above, but with various methods to accomplish step 1 and step 3.  The task becomes increasingly difficult as the desired degree of accuracy increases.

 

The hyperlinks below will move you to pages with detailed information for each step.  Step 2 is quite complex, but fortunately the K2 has the firmware to do this all by itself.

 

STEP 1.  SETTING THE K2 REFERENCE OSCILLATOR

Click here to see various methods.

N6KR Method: by none other than Wayne Burdick himself.  Wayne has come up with the easiest and (in my opinion) the best method yet.  It does require that you be able to receive some other known frequency - like WWV and zero beat it with accuracy, but requires no equipment other than the K2 itself and has been shown to be quite accurate.

 

 

STEP 2.  RUN CAL PLL

 

Automatically done by the K2 when selected from the menu.

 

STEP 3.  RUN CAL FIL

 

            Click here to go to the ‘Run CAL FIL’ procedure page.