FASCINATING WORLD
- AMATEUR RADIO -
Amateur Radio scientific hobby Self training,
technical investigation world wide Radio communication carried out duly
authorised Persons without pecuniary interest.
Amateur Radio International hobby. Amateur Radio
operator called HAM or Radio Amateur. HAM stands first letter 3
pioneers field Radio communication viz., Hertz Armstrong Marconi. This is
hobby that requires licence concerned authorities their
respective Government. HAMs use transceivers communication (Transmitter and
Receiver). not surprised know that, every minute day there
hundred hundreds Amateur Radio operators operating their equipment around
world. can make global friends, exchange views, ideas, explore the
culture, lifestyles HAM friends.
can utilise his/her free time creatively Amateur
Radio. doesn't feel lonely even if nobody home, if he or she HAM, the
world comes into confines their room anywhere anytime.
After getting licence going `ON AIR' find people
different walks life, people electronics, computers, space, medicine,
farming, film industry, students, teachers, VIPs few name.
Imagine HAMs playing chess sitting their rooms across continents !!
There about 10,000 HAMs India, out which only few thousands active
on air. scene different countries Japan, USA etc., which
millions active Radio Amateurs. After getting licence Ministry
Communications going on air privilege making friends all
round globe. It's whole special way making friends.
real thrill Amateur Radio while making contacts
across oceans, across
seas one's own home made equipment, even though one
can get imported
multi-band all-mode transceiver.
can make or get assembled transceivers much less
price than imported ones,
yes but less features. can start hobby with
ordinary broadcast receiver
( 2 or 3 band Transistor Radio) then after getting
licence, he or she can on
AIR low power SET-UP costing just around Rs. 1,500/=
or else
should member Amateur Radio Club.
HAM Radio used self training investigation in
field electronic
communications carried out licensed persons. HAM Radio
provides opportunity
serve country, people above all HUMAN
MANKIND.
During natural calamities earth quakes, floods etc.,
service rendered HAMs
recognised appreciated. HAM can serve
society ways
making available difficult-to-get life-saving drugs
part world
through HAM Radio time.
During AMARNATH YATRA `96 disaster, HAMs all
over country
maintained emergency network linked Srinagar to
relay messages
relatives people trapped on way.
lives been saved high seas, of
sailors on board where
HAMs. pilot (HAM ) saved lives people on a
passenger airliner which
lost Radio contact ATC (Air Traffic Control ) ,
HAM he gave
distress call ( SOS ) on HAM Radio flight above
Indian Ocean
help HAM south India picked signal
got touch ATC
via Telephone, helped perfect landing aeroplane.
TYPES LICENCES
India, there five grades Amateur Wireless
Telegraph Licence ( AW/T):-
1. Short Wave Listeners Licence.
2. Restricted Grade.
3. Grade II.
4. Grade I.
5. Advanced Grade.
minimum age getting Licence 12 years age
India. Licence fee
Advanced Grade , Grade I, Grade II / Restricted/SWL
Rs. 50/= , Rs.40/=,
Rs.25/= respectively period two Years.
Exams :-
obtain AW/T licence appear ASOC
examination (Amateur
Station Operators Certificate) conducted Wireless
Planning Co-ordination Wing
Ministry Communications. exam conducted
monthly big cities
once two months places.
ASOC exam two parts ;
Part - I :
a) Basic Electronics (Radio Theory Practice)
b) Rules Regulations (Indian
International Radio rules regulations )
Part - II:
a) Morse code receiving
b) Morse code sending
Grade II exam 5 words per minute test 12
words per minute Grade I
Advanced Grade. Restricted Grade there no
Morse code test ( but can't
enjoy full fruit HAM Radio), only point to
point communication Licence.
examination NOT DIFFICULT pass. Do know 7
year old USA
got Amateur Wireless Licence.
MORSE CODE : -
Morse Code International Language. Since HAMs come
every nook
corner globe there may language barriers but
Morse Code Builds bridges
friendship.
Morse Transmission considered efficient
means communication
adverse Band (radio frequency) conditions. Now other
digital modes have come
which efficient or even more than Morse
transmission. On economical grounds
most Indian HAMs cannot afford costly means
equipment's enjoy
full fruit Amateur Radio.
Once learns Morse operate, just hearing
music on air!!. can
convey messages end much faster than talking.
There special
abbreviations Amateur Radio that helps sending
messages quickly over radio
known "Q"codes.
example if sends following Morse code :-
QRV?
This means `are ready receive my signals ?'
QRV
This answer that `I am ready receive your
signals'
Notice speed which can communicate. is
only practice gains
speed.
Books related Amateur Radio available leading
book shops Viz., `ABC
Amateur Radio India'. study Morse just takes a
matter two weeks
really interested person or takes time he or she
wishes.
After gets through exam he or she wait for
decision Ministry
grant AW/T licence, that takes matter few
months.
different modes used Amateur Radio operators are
:-
Morse, Voice, SSTV (SLOW SCAN TV),FSTV (Fast Scan TV),
RTTY(Radio
Teletype), Packet Radio, AMTOR ( Amateur Teleprinting
Over Radio), PACTOR (
Packet Teleprinting Over Radio).
There Amateur Satellites orbiting very
thrilling experience have
conversation sitting one's room Robot on
board. All SPACE missions so
far had atleast HAM Radio Operator (Astronaut) on
board. Sitting your
SHACK ( Radio Room) can contact Astronaut and
talk SPACE.
satellites have ( HAM ) Robots which respond the
call reply back !!
RADIO SYSTEM
Basic requirement AW/T station transmitter /
receiver . transmitter
used send Radio Waves. Picks Voice and
converts radio frequency
using Antenna radiates signals. On the
hand receiving end
antenna traps signals reproduces signal
into meaningful information (
Intelligence ). There various modes which signals
send, Voice, Morse,
Digital Data ( Packets) etc.,
Amateur Radio various frequency bands allotted by
International
Telecommunications Union on 3.5 3.7 MHz, 7- 7.1 MHz,
14 - 14.350 MHz, 21-
21.450 MHz etc.,
Even using ordinary Broadcast receiver one's home
good external
antenna, can hear Amateur Radio Operators
conversing on air.
STATION IDENTIFICATION :-
Amateur Radio Station identified its Call Sign
case telephone
telephone number. ISD dial code 91
represents India, VU represents India
followed digit 2,3,4,7 etc., followed again 2 or
3 characters which identifies
station. So typical Indian station have Call
Sign VU2UKR or
VU3CYL or VU2AWC etc.,
Call Signs Sri Lankan stations starts the
prefix 4S7, Pakistan AP2,
Russia RA6, Japan JA3, Germany DL4, USA KC4 etc.,
ESTABLISHING CONTACT
First tune Transceiver , if happens hear some
station wish contact,
give "break in" call. Once station
replies back call exchange
signal report, chat goes on ...... .
way tune clear frequency give a
general call on air. When
HAM hears, he/she replies back. way give
directional call (a call
stations particular Continent or Country).
HAMs all equal, there no `SIR' or `Mr'. or `Mrs'
even if person 7 years
old or 70 years old , male referred `OLD MAN'
similarly female
`YOUNG LADY'.
Amateurs forbidden transmit messages related
Business, Religious,
Political, or matters which can cause communal
problems, or matters which can
deprive Government its revenue etc.,
NET
"NET" conducted around country, meaning
National Emergency Traffic. NETs
conducted daily on different bands fixed timings
frequencies.
during day during night. On NET, net
controller (HAM) conducts
NET day, he calls `check-ins' NET.
Stations on NET frequency
give their call signs wait there turn stay on
frequency duration
NET. After checking in, station stays back on
frequency listening NET
emergency or medical traffic.
If HAM station requires medical help / emergency he
contacts NET controller
turn NET controller announces over the
band, seeks help station
on frequency meet emergency handled a
very professional way.
Life saving medicines time emergency or alert of
distress, or weather forecast,
band condition, or needs handled on NET.
Usually on NET when
`traffic or emergency communication' less then HAMs
use NET typical
telephone exchange getting HAMs connected allotting
different frequencies
group HAMs their round table discussion on air.
Usually HAMs talk more about technical aspect of
radio communications,
interested making friends around globe, look
their counterparts having
same profession.
HAMs contact HAMs (doctors) when they sick
home, get their
diagnostics done while lying there bed over radio !
QSLs
This yet another Q Code meaning `can acknowledge
receipt'. Once
establish two way Radio contact another station, a
special post card
exchanged Viz. QSL card. This card Call Sign of
Station worked,
date, time, frequency, signal report, his or her
equipment details
station, country, place information's of
interest.
If happens collect 100 QSL Cards different
countries listed
AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE get prestigious award
called "The
DXCC". DX means Distant or Unknown, CC the
Centenary Club. station outside
India DX country Indians.
FIELD DAY
Field Day word itself sound, day(s) field.
actually exercise
conducted group HAMs SWLs go place
interest, say
example high on Mountain terrain's, deep jungle
Set-up Amateur Radio
Station maintain Radio Network awareness
program meeting
emergency communication requirements during calamities.
During Field Day areas study mainly
Propagation Conditions, Sunspot
Activity, Radio Astronomy, Sporadic Propagation, Location
putting Antenna,
choice type Antenna, Direction, Tuning RIG (
HAM equipment)
last establishing contact.
So Field Day, SWLs people have interest in
Radio Communication learn
lot Radio Amateurs, ways put a
station, procedures
establishing contacts on network etc.,
also serves opportunity HAMs SWLs meet
their HAM friends
person. Though great friends over Radio, a
crazy occasion when meets
him/her person, configuration mind does not
resemble actual !!
can study basic necessities setting an
Amateur Radio Station case
emergencies, adverse situations or difficult
places unfavourable putting
station get on new ideas.
EXPEDITIONS:-
Popularly known DX-pedition. So Field Day here
group people venture
out Sea island, places Viz.
Antarctica, Arctic, Bering islands etc.,
venture out expedition SAMUNDRA IV
Yatch expedition "BALI
YATRA" Indonesia. Expeditions Lakshadeep and
Andaman Islands Popular
around world. Expedition Team gets world
attention millions millions
HAMs looking out DX-pedition Stations because
usually have
different CALL SIGN (special one) that, who
contacts station
island really thrilled have worked that part the
world which usually rare.
India VU7 prefix given DX-pedition Teams to
Lakshadeep Andamans
than usual VU2 VU3 prefix on main land.
FOX HUNT
really fun, hunting FOX !!!
FOX Radio Transmitter hidden place the
city or town or forest or
where ever might be, sometimes can't imagine even if
well. would
transmit Radio Signals intervals time. The
participants Fox Hunt
locate hidden transmitter which may within
range say 15 20 Kms.
pair team, usually equipped transceiver (hand
held), Beam Antenna
connected it. mount on top their vehicles
hold their arms
while using two wheeler. So can find crazy people
carrying Beam Antenna
their hand while on road, referring maps,
using direction finder
locate hidden fox.
team which finds fox rewarded.
AMATEUR SATELLITES
There Amateur Satellites or simply satellites
carrying Amateur Radio on board.
These Satellite Radio Amateur Stations Microprocessor
controlled. Signals
beamed orbiting satellite get the
acknowledgement. Mostly
communications short duration, exchange of
signal reports, location etc.,
satellites used repeater station, station
UPLINKS signal
satellite signal retransmitted [ DOWNLINKS ]
ground covering large
area [ Foot Print ] on another frequency. The
communication between two stations
can only sustained while both stations the
foot print satellite.
Amateur Radio Satellites can utilised thirst
Knowledge SPACE. can
create awareness SPACE, Astronomy, Space
Technology, Different Modes
Communications high speed data transfer etc.,
gets opportunity communicate Astronaut
on space station
check one's system performance even carry out radio
experiments guided
them, rare opportunity common man even talk to
Cosmonaut on LIVE
mission.
HAMs India were able contact satellites ,
name few Russian
MIR ORBITING SPACE STATION Call Sign U2MIR, this
station been
put on board minimise boredom Cosmonaut
they can feel home.
curious students Bangalore school which a
Amateur Radio station
school were able contact / talk Astronauts on
` STS-55 SHUTTLE
RADIO AMATEUR EXPERIMENT ' space SHUTTLE COLUMBIA get
their queries cleared which were not answerable books
people around !
There computer program (software) exactly predict
movement satellites
over horizon, time, angle which etc., all that has
input local time
place (location). There interesting
software programs which can control
antenna rotator can automatically beam towards
satellite track till
having foot print over area
PACKET RADIO
this mode communication Data/Messages sent
using computer, which connected
Radio Modem + Transceiver. this type communication
data send Packets Information
end RADIO WAVES. There different Protocols
used this system, software used this
ensures that data received error free. a
particular point time station can get connected to
10 stations exchange information There are
Bulletin Boards Mail Boxes across
continent.
Basic requirement this state art technology
communication COMPUTER, RADIO MODEM,
TRANSCEIVER, ANTENNA SOFTWARE.
best way become HAM get touch a
local active HAM or club.
Books on this subject available leading book shops,
EFY Enterprises, BPB
publications etc., Correspondence courses also being
conducted Kerala
Amateur Radio League. Morse code which most people think
/ say difficult but if
mastered way should then matter
few days. two main
things become radio amateur " THIRST FOR
KNOWLEDGE "
"SERVICE MINDEDNESS
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Antenna analyzer for measuring complex impedance of antennas and other antenna system components while building antennas |