From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 1 20:02:05 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA11687 for ; Tue, 1 Oct 2002 20:02:04 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Tue, 01 Oct 2002 20:02:53 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Products - Spread Spectrum Amplifiers & WLAN] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3D9A45BD.B0858EFD@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Look at this? http://www.ydi.com/products/amplifiers.php Especially http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2441-amplifier.php Any takers to reverse engineer it. Also, take a look at this article, http://news.com.com/2100-1033-959924.html Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 2 09:49:46 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA07114 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:49:46 -0500 (CDT) Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:48:53 -0500 Message-Id: X-Sender: kb9mwr@yahoo.com (Unverified) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Steve Lampereur Subject: [ss] Re: Products - Spread Spectrum Amplifiers & WLAN List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210021448.g92EmrB01177@faulkner.netnet.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >Look at this? http://www.ydi.com/products/amplifiers.php > >Especially http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2441-amplifier.php >Any takers to reverse engineer it. Still seems a bit pricey.. If you can get the FCC ID for it; http://www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid/ Thats a good starting point FCC records of commercial amplifiers: http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/appendixD.html > >Also, take a look at this article, >http://news.com.com/2100-1033-959924.html Wish there was a product spec sheet. I've seen standard 100mW output 802.11b cards pull 12 miles. This sounds simular to Proxim's High Power "Tsunami" Wireless Bridge Ham Ethernet Using Part 15 Wireless Etherenet Devices Under Part 97: http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/plan.html --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 2 17:58:53 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA04003 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 17:58:52 -0500 (CDT) User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/10.1.0.2006 Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 18:41:05 -0400 Subject: [ss] Write From: Stan Horzepa To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-ID: Mime-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id RAA04003 TAPR members: Here is your chance to become rich and famous! Well, maybe not rich, but certainly famous. The editorial board of Packet Status Register (PSR, TAPR’s quarterly newsletter) is now soliciting articles, news items, etc. for the next issue of the newsletter. Topics related to digital Amateur Radio will be given preference and the editorial board reserves the right to determine what is suitable for publication. E-mail your contributions to wa1lou@tapr.org ASAP because the deadline for the next issue of the newsletter is October 24. 73, Stan Horzepa, WA1LOU, PSR Editor --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 4 16:30:05 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA16760 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:30:01 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" From: Chuck Hast To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] What path to take... Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:28:36 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210042128.g94LSQMl023760@smtp-server1.tampabay.rr.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I figured this would be the best place to ask this one. I have my ideas but like flying airplanes in busy traffic areas the more eyes in the cockpit the better.... I want to go from my home office which is in a building about 300 ft from my home to my home. I want to use some 802.11 stuff, I was thinking of going from office to home using the bridge devices, there would be two on the home end the one that handles the link from office to house and the other that handles the devices in the house. I would set them up with different channels or spreading codes or whatever it is they set. The other idea was to use the one on the house end as a "digi" I think they can do that, and just do away with the third device, the only problem I can see there is the hidden terminal thing which of course would also be present with the other system, but I would hope by having separate codes it would make it a bit less of a problem. I think the distance is just a bit too far to reach all parts of the house from the office without some help. Now what are your recommendations, one thing... gotta keep cost down. I think the run is too far for 10/100 baseT (about 300 ft from hub to hub) I suppose I could run 10/100baseT but I think it is limited to only 50 feet between repeaters -- Chuck Hast KP4DJT kp4djt@tampabay.rr.com To paraphrase my flight instructor; "the only dumb question is the one you DID NOT ask resulting in my going out and having to identify your bits and pieces in the midst of torn and twisted metal." --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 4 20:38:18 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA23814 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 20:38:17 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Fri, 04 Oct 2002 20:39:09 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3D9E42BD.F68AF85A@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Actually 300 ft is about the limit for CAT 5 (100 meters). I you use REALLY high grade burial CAT 5, you are looking at $250 per 1000 ft roll. You might just me able to make the run. Make sure you use RJ-45s with a rubber shield. Also, just as soon as the get in the structure, hit a good switch. You are really looking at 4 switches at maybe $200 each ($400) and $250 worth of CAT 5 (you can probably sell the unused 400 ft for $100). Total cost is $550. Or You could by 4 LinkSys WET11s at about $130 for about the the same as CAT 5. You might have to purchase some beam antennas if the ones provided don't give you enough signal strength. Walt/K5YFW Chuck Hast wrote: > > I figured this would be the best place to ask this one. I have my ideas > but like flying airplanes in busy traffic areas the more eyes in the cockpit > the better.... > > I want to go from my home office which is in a building about 300 ft from > my home to my home. I want to use some 802.11 stuff, I was thinking > of going from office to home using the bridge devices, there would be > two on the home end the one that handles the link from office to house > and the other that handles the devices in the house. I would set them > up with different channels or spreading codes or whatever it is they > set. The other idea was to use the one on the house end as a "digi" > I think they can do that, and just do away with the third device, the only > problem I can see there is the hidden terminal thing which of course > would also be present with the other system, but I would hope by having > separate codes it would make it a bit less of a problem. I think the distance > is just a bit too far to reach all parts of the house from the office without > some help. > > Now what are your recommendations, one thing... gotta keep cost down. > I think the run is too far for 10/100 baseT (about 300 ft from hub to hub) > I suppose I could run 10/100baseT but I think it is limited to only 50 feet > between repeaters > > -- > Chuck Hast > KP4DJT > kp4djt@tampabay.rr.com > To paraphrase my flight instructor; > "the only dumb question is the one you DID NOT ask resulting in my > going out and having to identify your bits and pieces in the midst of > torn and twisted metal." > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 4 22:06:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA25827 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 22:06:54 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: wchast@utilpart.com To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 23:05:54 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <0D7B0EF78F72D311B95F0008C7F3D0A001A0A811@dallas.utilpart.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > -----Original Message----- > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 09:39 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > Actually 300 ft is about the limit for CAT 5 (100 meters). I you > use REALLY high grade burial CAT 5, you are looking at $250 per > 1000 ft roll. You might just me able to make the run. Make sure > you use RJ-45s with a rubber shield. Also, just as soon as the > get in the structure, hit a good switch. You are really looking > at 4 switches at maybe $200 each ($400) and $250 worth of CAT 5 > (you can probably sell the unused 400 ft for $100). Total cost > is $550. > > Or > > You could by 4 LinkSys WET11s at about $130 for about the the > same as CAT 5. You might have to purchase some beam antennas if > the ones provided don't give you enough signal strength. Ok I want to run RF in the house, so lets say I get the good CAT 5 and come off of the switch in the office (already there) go the 100m to the house and hit the WAP as soon as I get in the house would that take care of it? If so then I have the cost of the CAT 5 and the WAP on the house end. The computers in the house end will use wireless nic cards in them anyhow. So at this point it would appear that I could do it for the cost of the CAT 5 and 1 WAP. Now if I do it all wireless then I would have two 3 WAPS and whatever wireless NIC's needed on the house end. Or do I need more WAPS, do not see why, but I may not be seeing something in my diagram. ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 4 22:19:49 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA26314 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 22:19:40 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Fri, 04 Oct 2002 22:20:31 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3D9E5A7F.84AE1CA9@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Go to http://www.linksys.com/Products/product.asp?grid=22&prid=432 and download the users guide and look at the network setups. That should answer most of your configuration questions. Walt/K5YFW wchast@utilpart.com wrote: > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 09:39 PM > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > > > > Actually 300 ft is about the limit for CAT 5 (100 meters). I you > > use REALLY high grade burial CAT 5, you are looking at $250 per > > 1000 ft roll. You might just me able to make the run. Make sure > > you use RJ-45s with a rubber shield. Also, just as soon as the > > get in the structure, hit a good switch. You are really looking > > at 4 switches at maybe $200 each ($400) and $250 worth of CAT 5 > > (you can probably sell the unused 400 ft for $100). Total cost > > is $550. > > > > Or > > > > You could by 4 LinkSys WET11s at about $130 for about the the > > same as CAT 5. You might have to purchase some beam antennas if > > the ones provided don't give you enough signal strength. > > Ok I want to run RF in the house, so lets say I get the good CAT 5 > and come off of the switch in the office (already there) go the 100m > to the house and hit the WAP as soon as I get in the house would > that take care of it? If so then I have the cost of the CAT 5 and > the WAP on the house end. The computers in the house end will use > wireless nic cards in them anyhow. So at this point it would appear > that I could do it for the cost of the CAT 5 and 1 WAP. > > Now if I do it all wireless then I would have two 3 WAPS and whatever > wireless NIC's needed on the house end. Or do I need more WAPS, do not > see why, but I may not be seeing something in my diagram. > > ***************************************************************** > This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are > intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is > addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify > the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and > remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions > and other information in this message that do not relate to the official > business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor > endorsed by it. > > Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com > ***************************************************************** > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 4 23:29:06 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id XAA28092 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 23:29:05 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: wchast@utilpart.com To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... Date: Sat, 5 Oct 2002 00:27:34 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <0D7B0EF78F72D311B95F0008C7F3D0A001A0A813@dallas.utilpart.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > -----Original Message----- > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 11:21 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > Go to > http://www.linksys.com/Products/product.asp?grid=22&prid=432 and > download the users guide and look at the network setups. That > should answer most of your configuration questions. > Walt, Thanks, I think that will do the trick, I may have a roll of CAT 5 to test with, I will just go and get me a WET-11 and a NIC card for a laptop initially that will get things going at the house, this may only be the cost of the WET11 and the NIC... I got RJ connectors and I think I may have the expensive CAT 5 within reach... I already have a LINKSYS box anyhow so should make it that much easier. ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 01:50:48 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id BAA02962 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 01:50:45 -0500 (CDT) From: xlpitlum Message-Id: Subject: [ss] Re: Products - Spread Spectrum Amplifiers & WLAN] In-Reply-To: from Walt DuBose at "Oct 1, 2002 8: 2:53 pm" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sat, 5 Oct 2002 01:49:27 -0500 (CDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210050649.BAA06729@online.dct.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Look at this? http://www.ydi.com/products/amplifiers.php > > Especially http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2441-amplifier.php > Any takers to reverse engineer it. There is not much to them, diode RF detector on the input controlling the TX/RX switching, usually via seperate MOSFETs. You just need all the parts to be very linear and switch *really* fast. Making a RF sense switch (for switching TX/RX) is easy with Analog Devices AD8313/AD8314 log amps. Couple to it with a stripline directional coupler. Power is sent via a simple bias tee. The TX/RX LEDs are toggled by monitoring the amplifier's current draw. Most manufactures are using common FR-4 PCB for their 2.4 GHz hardware. Slight improvements could be made by using GIL or Rogers high-frequency laminates. Lightning protection on the antenna end is nothing more than a 1/4-wave stub to ground. As a side note, it's possible to tweak some of the lower powered 2.4 GHz amplifiers sold by some manufactures for a higher output, they use programmable attenuators on the input to the RF power amplifier. RF switch MMICs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hittite HMC154 or NEC UPG137 http://www.hittite.com/product_info/product_specs/switches/hmc154s8.pdf RF 2.4 GHz power amplifier ICs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RF Micro Devices RF2126 http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pdf/2126.pdf M/A-Com MA02303GJ http://www.macom.com/data/datasheet/MA02303GJ_V2.pdf Pacific Monolithics PM2104/7 series http://catalog.rell.com/rellecom/Images/Objects/2100/2050.PDF Teletronics TC3151 (2 watts) http://www.teletronics.com/tii/products/ics_modules/TC3151.pdf Raytheon PA2450 http://www.raytheonrf.com/pdf/RMPA2450-58.pdf It may even be possible use high power 2.1 GHz PCS celular phone hybrid modules at 2.4 GHz. Receive Pre-amps ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Discrete GaAsFET or a bunch of companies make 2.4 GHz LNAs. Toko or Murata 2.4 GHz bandpass filters --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 09:03:57 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA12973 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 09:03:54 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 09:04:48 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3D9EF180.E8CBF552@texas.net> Precedence: bulk I have used water hose for burial. Just tape and "pot" the connections well. It doesn't last as long as PVC...maybe only 3 years. I can get 1/2" 10 ft lengths for less than 75 cents...then kind that is self joining if I buy in lots and I think it comes in 30 piece lots. If you use this method, feed only 10 ft of CAT 5 at a time and make the joints as you go. Walt wchast@utilpart.com wrote: > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 11:21 PM > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > > > > Go to > > http://www.linksys.com/Products/product.asp?grid=22&prid=432 and > > download the users guide and look at the network setups. That > > should answer most of your configuration questions. > > > > Walt, > Thanks, I think that will do the trick, I may have a roll of > CAT 5 to test with, I will just go and get me a WET-11 and > a NIC card for a laptop initially that will get things going > at the house, this may only be the cost of the WET11 and the > NIC... > I got RJ connectors and I think I may have the expensive > CAT 5 within reach... > > I already have a LINKSYS box anyhow so should make it that > much easier. > > > ***************************************************************** > This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are > intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is > addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify > the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and > remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions > and other information in this message that do not relate to the official > business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor > endorsed by it. > > Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com > ***************************************************************** > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 09:10:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA13193 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 09:10:48 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 09:11:25 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: Products - Spread Spectrum Amplifiers & WLAN] References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3D9EF30D.6658D1CE@texas.net> Precedence: bulk A BIG help. Thanks. Walt xlpitlum wrote: > > > Look at this? http://www.ydi.com/products/amplifiers.php > > > > Especially http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2441-amplifier.php > > Any takers to reverse engineer it. > > There is not much to them, diode RF detector on the input controlling > the TX/RX switching, usually via seperate MOSFETs. You just need all > the parts to be very linear and switch *really* fast. Making a RF sense > switch (for switching TX/RX) is easy with Analog Devices AD8313/AD8314 > log amps. Couple to it with a stripline directional coupler. > > Power is sent via a simple bias tee. The TX/RX LEDs are toggled by > monitoring the amplifier's current draw. Most manufactures are using > common FR-4 PCB for their 2.4 GHz hardware. Slight improvements could > be made by using GIL or Rogers high-frequency laminates. > > Lightning protection on the antenna end is nothing more than a 1/4-wave > stub to ground. > > As a side note, it's possible to tweak some of the lower powered 2.4 GHz > amplifiers sold by some manufactures for a higher output, they use > programmable attenuators on the input to the RF power amplifier. > > RF switch MMICs > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Hittite HMC154 or NEC UPG137 > http://www.hittite.com/product_info/product_specs/switches/hmc154s8.pdf > > RF 2.4 GHz power amplifier ICs > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > RF Micro Devices RF2126 > http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pdf/2126.pdf > > M/A-Com MA02303GJ > http://www.macom.com/data/datasheet/MA02303GJ_V2.pdf > > Pacific Monolithics PM2104/7 series > http://catalog.rell.com/rellecom/Images/Objects/2100/2050.PDF > > Teletronics TC3151 (2 watts) > http://www.teletronics.com/tii/products/ics_modules/TC3151.pdf > > Raytheon PA2450 > http://www.raytheonrf.com/pdf/RMPA2450-58.pdf > > It may even be possible use high power 2.1 GHz PCS celular phone > hybrid modules at 2.4 GHz. > > Receive Pre-amps > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Discrete GaAsFET or a bunch of companies make 2.4 GHz LNAs. > Toko or Murata 2.4 GHz bandpass filters > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 12:09:00 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA20792 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 12:08:59 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: john@e6b.com Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 10:07:03 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: John Battle Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.1.20021005100225.00955220@e6b.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I am new to the group and would like to get some feedback from some of you pros that have already "been there". I am thinking of building a correlator using a large PLD. My approach is to make a pair of 127 bit shift registers with XOR's between them so that I have 127 outputs which I will sum in resistors to obtain an analog correlation function. One of the registers will be preloaded, via SPI, with the PN sequence and theother will contain the signal shifting by. What is the gotcha in this approach. I believe there must be something wrong with it because nobody seems to do it this way, but I don't understand what it is. Any comments? John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 14:43:31 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA25945 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 14:43:29 -0500 (CDT) Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 15:42:51 -0400 From: spamdump Subject: [ss] RE: Designing a DSSS Correlator To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk John, This is a hybrid analog/digital method and is not easily integrated. The preferred method is to do this digitally. Count the number of matches and compare that against your threshold. hth -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Battle Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 1:07 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator I am new to the group and would like to get some feedback from some of you pros that have already "been there". I am thinking of building a correlator using a large PLD. My approach is to make a pair of 127 bit shift registers with XOR's between them so that I have 127 outputs which I will sum in resistors to obtain an analog correlation function. One of the registers will be preloaded, via SPI, with the PN sequence and theother will contain the signal shifting by. What is the gotcha in this approach. I believe there must be something wrong with it because nobody seems to do it this way, but I don't understand what it is. Any comments? John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: spamdump@optonline.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 17:01:21 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA01881 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 17:01:18 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: john@e6b.com Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 14:59:10 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: John Battle Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.1.20021005145616.0094e3d0@e6b.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk hth: Thanks for taking the time to answer my question. I thought of doing it digitally, but could not figure out any easy way to count the number of one's at the output of the XOR's. Admittedly, I am not a very sophisticated digital designer, so maybe this is easy, but I don't know the trick. I thought of just writing a Verilog statement but was afraid that it would compile into a huge amount of macro cells. Can you give me any pointers? This would be much better since it would not require as many I/O pins on the PLD (I was planning on using two just to get enough pins). The only thing I am concerned about is propagation delay. I am intending on runiing this correlator pretty fast, so I don't want to limit the PLD by having lots of "layers" of gates. Actually I don't have much of a feel for this, but I am assuming it might be a problem. I certainly don't believe I have "time" to count the pulses serially, which would be the easiest way to do it. Thanks John Battle John, This is a hybrid analog/digital method and is not easily integrated. The preferred method is to do this digitally. Count the number of matches and compare that against your threshold. hth --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 17:59:58 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA04552 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 17:59:54 -0500 (CDT) From: "Darryl Smith" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: ss digest: October 04, 2002 Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 08:56:43 +1000 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 In-Reply-To: X-Scanner: exiscan *17xxsk-0007kb-00*BaAr14.AmnI* on Astaro Security Linux List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <025601c26cc2$798304c0$4004a8c0@DELL8000> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk G'Day... The 100m limit of Cat-5 is more for timing than anything else. If you use cat-5e cable there should not be too many problems. Timing wise for a point to point link (network card to network card) you should be able to get about 175m which was the old maximum length of a cable segment. The timing is designed arround a hub that is dumb, so interfering signals need to get from one station through the hub to another station to detect errors, a path of 200m Buy 1000' of Cat 5e cable and try it Hope this helps Darryl --------- Darryl Smith, VK2TDS POBox 169 Ingleburn NSW 2565 Australia Mobile Number 0412 929 634 [+61 4 12 929 634 International] Darryl@radio-active.net.au | www.radio-active.net.au --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 18:36:08 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id SAA06470 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 18:36:07 -0500 (CDT) Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 19:35:30 -0400 From: spamdump Subject: [ss] RE: Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk John, You don't need a pair of 128 bit registers. Use one xor gate. Feed that into a counter. Clear the counter at the beginning of the sequence. At the end of the sequence latch the results. By the way, hth means "hope that helps". Regards -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Battle Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 5:59 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) hth: Thanks for taking the time to answer my question. I thought of doing it digitally, but could not figure out any easy way to count the number of one's at the output of the XOR's. Admittedly, I am not a very sophisticated digital designer, so maybe this is easy, but I don't know the trick. I thought of just writing a Verilog statement but was afraid that it would compile into a huge amount of macro cells. Can you give me any pointers? This would be much better since it would not require as many I/O pins on the PLD (I was planning on using two just to get enough pins). The only thing I am concerned about is propagation delay. I am intending on runiing this correlator pretty fast, so I don't want to limit the PLD by having lots of "layers" of gates. Actually I don't have much of a feel for this, but I am assuming it might be a problem. I certainly don't believe I have "time" to count the pulses serially, which would be the easiest way to do it. Thanks John Battle John, This is a hybrid analog/digital method and is not easily integrated. The preferred method is to do this digitally. Count the number of matches and compare that against your threshold. hth --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: spamdump@optonline.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 5 20:46:34 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA11388 for ; Sat, 5 Oct 2002 20:46:33 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: john@e6b.com Date: Sat, 05 Oct 2002 18:44:18 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: John Battle Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.1.20021005184057.00946760@e6b.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk The thing is, doint it that way requires that I use some sort of slip generator to acquire cone synchronization. On the other hand, the parallel method would sync instantaneously on the first bit. --John John, You don't need a pair of 128 bit registers. Use one xor gate. Feed that into a counter. Clear the counter at the beginning of the sequence. At the end of the sequence latch the results. By the way, hth means "hope that helps". --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 07:56:34 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA29975 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 07:56:32 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: wchast@utilpart.com To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 08:55:48 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <0D7B0EF78F72D311B95F0008C7F3D0A001A0A814@dallas.utilpart.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I already had to do a run of coax, my office used to have a cable connection, that cable connection was live though it had only local channels, all the time I had the place rented out. When I moved my home office into it I just moved my cable modem to the cable connection in the office and things were good, well the cable company came out and cut the cable, they want me to purchase a separate service for my cable modem even though all is on the same property. My fix as just to run 300 ft of coax from the house to the office and get things back on line, but now I have no net- work in my home, so back to the drawing board. I had 1K ft of CATV cable so that was not a problem. > -----Original Message----- > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 10:05 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > I have used water hose for burial. Just tape and "pot" the > connections well. It doesn't last as long as PVC...maybe only 3 > years. I can get 1/2" 10 ft lengths for less than 75 > cents...then kind that is self joining if I buy in lots and I > think it comes in 30 piece lots. If you use this method, feed > only 10 ft of CAT 5 at a time and make the joints as you go. > > Walt > > > wchast@utilpart.com wrote: > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > > > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 11:21 PM > > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > > > > > > > Go to > > > http://www.linksys.com/Products/product.asp?grid=22&prid=432 and > > > download the users guide and look at the network setups. That > > > should answer most of your configuration questions. > > > > > > > Walt, > > Thanks, I think that will do the trick, I may have a roll of > > CAT 5 to test with, I will just go and get me a WET-11 and > > a NIC card for a laptop initially that will get things going > > at the house, this may only be the cost of the WET11 and the > > NIC... > > I got RJ connectors and I think I may have the expensive > > CAT 5 within reach... > > > > I already have a LINKSYS box anyhow so should make it that > > much easier. > > > > > > ***************************************************************** > > This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are > confidential and are > > intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to > whom it is > > addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, > please notify > > the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may > have printed and > > remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. > Opinions, conclusions > > and other information in this message that do not relate to > the official > > business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as > neither given nor > > endorsed by it. > > > > Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com > > ***************************************************************** > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: wchast@utilpart.com > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 08:09:10 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA00320 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 08:09:07 -0500 (CDT) From: "P.Gavalas" Organization: University of Sheffield To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 14:07:47 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Subject: [ss] Re: Designing a DSSS Correlator Message-ID: Priority: normal In-reply-to: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DA043B2.27859.A860472@localhost> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Dear all, It has been a long time but I am back... Right I see there is quite a lot of "gossiping" on DSSS correlators. I did manage to build one on my third year in the University of Sheffield UK and I have published a paper on it including the cct diagram on the 19th TAPR & ARRL DCC which took place in Orlando. Using a number of shift registers by somehow stickin them together and then wait to get something out of the cct hoping that you will actually correlate the 2 signals was my first thought back then. I presented the thought by designing a high level block diagram to my supervisor. He was not very keen with the idea. Reasons: 1) You need a lot of power. 2) How will you eliminate the huge amounts of noise that will be there to disguise your signal? Remember by applying a 2^n-1 code on top of your signal you effectively scale down your power close to the AGWN level by spreading your transmitting power over a 2^n-1 wider bandwidth. Shift registers are too keen with noise (or should I say that much noise) You need to slide the local generated code at the receiver faster than the relative speed of the incoming signal. You need to use a AM demodulation sceme and when the two codes give maximum output from your double ballanced mixer you then need to rapidly change your local codes speed to the incoming signal's speed!! This can only be done by the use of feedback loops. Buy the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings go to page 35 and read it the related paper I once wrote.. Best Regards to all, Panos Gavalas --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 08:55:44 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA01939 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 08:55:42 -0500 (CDT) Date: Sun, 06 Oct 2002 09:54:54 -0400 From: Robert McGwier Subject: [ss] RE: Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk At what sample offset? Using whose clock? You will have to do some kind of tracking. With a chipping rate of (say) 300 kbps, 3e+8/3e+5 = 1 km, so every 500 meters of variation in distance between emitter and receiver will change the your correlator from sampling in the optimal place to the worst place and that will hold only so long as your clocks are synchronous. They never will be without extraordinary measures or tracking. Bob -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Battle Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 9:44 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) The thing is, doint it that way requires that I use some sort of slip generator to acquire cone synchronization. On the other hand, the parallel method would sync instantaneously on the first bit. --John John, You don't need a pair of 128 bit registers. Use one xor gate. Feed that into a counter. Clear the counter at the beginning of the sequence. At the end of the sequence latch the results. By the way, hth means "hope that helps". --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 22:47:05 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA01807 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 22:47:02 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: john@e6b.com Date: Sun, 06 Oct 2002 20:45:04 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: John Battle Subject: [ss] 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.1.20021006204318.00957160@e6b.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Panos: No luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings. Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy or do you happen to have a PDF of the article? --John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 22:50:42 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA01945 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 22:50:38 -0500 (CDT) Mime-Version: 1.0 Message-Id: Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 22:49:43 -0500 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Greg Jones Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk TAPR maintains all past proceedings of the conference. http://www.tapr.org/tapr/html/Fcnc19.html Cheers - Greg >Panos: > >No luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings. >Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy or do you >happen to have a PDF of the article? > >--John Battle > -- ----- Dr. Greg Jones Lecturer, Dept. Technology and Cognition, College of Education University of North Texas, Denton, Texas (972) 492-5472 / Fax (972) 492-5476 email: greg@tapr.org http://created-realities.com "Don't be encumbered by history... Go off and do something wonderful!" -- Robert N. Noyce, Co-founder of Intel Corporation --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 6 23:13:01 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id XAA04138 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 23:12:56 -0500 (CDT) From: "Darren King" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Power Amplifier question. Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 00:12:10 -0400 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal In-reply-to: X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <000901c26db7$b5215ae0$3708a8c0@kla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Using a device that has a power of 250mW that also is using a FHSS algorithm for sending and receiving information. Is it possible to amplify this signal to 1W? Does amplification destroy the signal? The boards are embedded type and would like to know what it would take to make the signal reach upto 5Km reliably, I believe 1W should do the trick either way 1W is my target power since with FHSS that's still alowd by the FCC. What types of Power Amplifiers can I add to a circuit to increase its output power? Can anybody refer me to some reading on Power Amplifiers? Thanks Darren King --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 07:10:03 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA21447 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 07:10:01 -0500 (CDT) From: "P.Gavalas" Organization: University of Sheffield To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 13:09:10 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings Message-ID: Priority: normal In-reply-to: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DA18775.25494.648FDA@localhost> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk You can get the proceedings from TAPR (www.tapr.org) for 15$ I believe. I 'll check for you though, I am quite far from home (a few thousand miles away...) and I will be here until late december. I 'll check and see if I have any backup of the article with me. If not I may have to photocopy it from the proceedings and send it you via mail. Let me just check for today and I'll give you a proper answer tomorrow. Best regards, Panos. >no luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence >procedings. >Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy >or do you >happen to have a PDF of the article? --John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: ela97pg@sheffield.ac.uk To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 08:30:15 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA26597 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 08:30:07 -0500 (CDT) Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 09:29:10 -0400 From: spamdump Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Panos, If it is not too much trouble, can you send a copy of it to me at spamdump@optonline.net. Thanks -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of P.Gavalas Sent: Monday, October 07, 2002 8:09 AM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings You can get the proceedings from TAPR (www.tapr.org) for 15$ I believe. I 'll check for you though, I am quite far from home (a few thousand miles away...) and I will be here until late december. I 'll check and see if I have any backup of the article with me. If not I may have to photocopy it from the proceedings and send it you via mail. Let me just check for today and I'll give you a proper answer tomorrow. Best regards, Panos. >no luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence >procedings. >Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy >or do you >happen to have a PDF of the article? --John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: ela97pg@sheffield.ac.uk To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: spamdump@optonline.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 11:17:52 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA05095 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 11:17:51 -0500 (CDT) From: "P.Gavalas" Organization: University of Sheffield To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 17:16:59 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings Priority: normal In-reply-to: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DA1C18A.8143.A14A9@localhost> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I do not have it as a PDF or any kind of electronic document format. But the Almighty has arranged us all a solution... Apparently it is located somewhere on the net. As soon as I am informed of the url that you can acquire the document, I 'll let you all know as well. Best Regards, Panos. Date sent: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 09:29:10 -0400 From: spamdump Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Send reply to: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" [ Double-click this line for list subscription options ] Panos, If it is not too much trouble, can you send a copy of it to me at spamdump@optonline.net. Thanks -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-30627@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of P.Gavalas Sent: Monday, October 07, 2002 8:09 AM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings You can get the proceedings from TAPR (www.tapr.org) for 15$ I believe. I 'll check for you though, I am quite far from home (a few thousand miles away...) and I will be here until late december. I 'll check and see if I have any backup of the article with me. If not I may have to photocopy it from the proceedings and send it you via mail. Let me just check for today and I'll give you a proper answer tomorrow. Best regards, Panos. >no luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence >procedings. >Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy >or do you >happen to have a PDF of the article? --John Battle --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: ela97pg@sheffield.ac.uk To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: spamdump@optonline.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: ela97pg@sheffield.ac.uk To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 13:41:56 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA12929 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 13:41:51 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:38:05 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 07/10/2002 19:40:53 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I just pulled 20 metres of cat5 into an existing conduit buried in my garden. In theory the conduit is sealed (it's the PVC stuff we use for waste water pipes). It's been buried for over 6 years. Condensation means it will fill up with water, if there's no way for it to get out, unless you purge it with dry air... Indeed it had water in it, as the cables pulled through came out wet. The conduit is mainly there as protection against digging. And to make it easier to replace the wire or put more wire in. It doesn't work as water protection. Never attempt to join cables in a buried conduit and you'll be a much happier person; join them and it'll fail in 6 months, no matter how you try to protect it. Buy a big enough reel. If a join is unavoidable bring it to an above-ground junction-box. Or an inspection chamber with drainage, like the telephone people do. My father twice buried mains cables in the garden. He used surplus cable and pieced it together. And it always failed in less than a year. I have 3 mains cables buried in my garden. I always use new unbroken reels. And they haven't failed in 6 or 7 years. Some moral there... Remember a Cat5 cabled solution is 100Mb/s vs a wireless solution... and you can expect to get longer distances from Cat5 if you derate to 10Mb/s. Ant Anyhow, we digress, back to the wireless stuff... Dunno how many hobbyists had noticed, but a pair of TP ethernet cards are an ideal start for a point-to-point RF link. Normally you can connect them with a length of CAT5 cable. That cable normally has 4 twisted-pairs. 2 aren't used (really!), one pair carries balanced Tx data and one pair carries balanced Rx data. It's that simple. Ethernet data is encoded for clock extraction and to allow for zero response at DC, polarity inversion and all those things you need for a wireless link, and the receiver does all necessary decode. And the cards are common and even cheap ones have PCI busmastering DMA and Windows and Linux and DOS drivers... Mine will even give bad packet statistics etc. Push that data over an FSK or PSK link and you have 10Mb/s data wireless. The digital and software side is done for you, you only have to think about the RF :-) --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 14:08:23 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA13910 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 14:08:21 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Reprogramming wireless NICs Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 14:07:43 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210071907.g97J7hY08999@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I've heard that some wireless NICs can be reprogrammed if they have eeproms. Of course it takes someone knowing what they are doing. But how about buring your callsign and automatic timer in the NIC along with a different set of channels do you are not on the Part 15 channels. Also, how about omni-directional, horz. polerized antennas and 2-10 watt pole mounted bi-directional amplifiers? Anyone actively working on these? Do you have working models? If you are working on one of these items, please let me know, I might want to pick your brain. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 15:09:21 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA17507 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 15:09:21 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 16:08:03 -0400 From: Jim Sanford X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DA1E9A3.4FD9E84F@amsat.org> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk And the RF has been done using 10GHz gunnplexers! You said it very well... 73, jim wb4gcs@amsat.org Anthony N Martin wrote: > > I just pulled 20 metres of cat5 into an existing conduit > buried in my garden. > > In theory the conduit is sealed (it's the PVC stuff we > use for waste water pipes). It's been buried for over > 6 years. Condensation means it will fill up with water, > if there's no way for it to get out, unless you purge it > with dry air... > > Indeed it had water in it, as the cables pulled through > came out wet. The conduit is mainly there as protection > against digging. And to make it easier to replace > the wire or put more wire in. It doesn't work as water > protection. > > Never attempt to join cables in a buried conduit and > you'll be a much happier person; join them and it'll fail > in 6 months, no matter how you try to protect it. Buy > a big enough reel. If a join is unavoidable bring it to an > above-ground junction-box. Or an inspection chamber > with drainage, like the telephone people do. > > My father twice buried mains cables in the garden. > He used surplus cable and pieced it together. And > it always failed in less than a year. I have 3 mains > cables buried in my garden. I always use new > unbroken reels. And they haven't failed in 6 or 7 > years. Some moral there... > > Remember a Cat5 cabled solution is 100Mb/s vs a > wireless solution... and you can expect to get longer > distances from Cat5 if you derate to 10Mb/s. > > Ant > > Anyhow, we digress, back to the wireless stuff... > > Dunno how many hobbyists had noticed, but > a pair of TP ethernet cards are an ideal start > for a point-to-point RF link. Normally you can > connect them with a length of CAT5 cable. That > cable normally has 4 twisted-pairs. 2 aren't > used (really!), one pair carries balanced Tx > data and one pair carries balanced Rx data. > It's that simple. > > Ethernet data is encoded for clock extraction > and to allow for zero response at DC, polarity > inversion and all those things you need for a > wireless link, and the receiver does all necessary > decode. And the cards are common and even > cheap ones have PCI busmastering DMA and > Windows and Linux and DOS drivers... Mine > will even give bad packet statistics etc. > > Push that data over an FSK or PSK link and you > have 10Mb/s data wireless. The digital and > software side is done for you, you only have to > think about the RF :-) > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: WB4GCS@AMSAT.ORG > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 15:41:02 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA18720 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 15:40:57 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 06, 2002 Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 16:39:56 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_665c_1ea0_7b20" Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 07 Oct 2002 20:39:57.0125 (UTC) FILETIME=[B2C91F50:01C26E41] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_665c_1ea0_7b20 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed For those of you who may have missed it, here is the paper Paul and I submitted to the DCC Proceedings last month. The HSMM Experimenters Team is now in the process of setting up a small test network in Howell, MI using a new protocol we call ARRL 802.11. 73, John - K8OCL From: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group digest" Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" To: "ss digest recipients" Subject: ss digest: October 06, 2002 Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 00:00:28 -0500 Received: from lists.tapr.org ([204.17.217.24]) by mc1-f11.law16.hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.5600); Sun, 6 Oct 2002 21:20:03 -0700 Precedence: bulk Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Sender: bounce-ss-30882@lists.tapr.org Return-Path: bounce-ss-30882@lists.tapr.org X-OriginalArrivalTime: 07 Oct 2002 04:20:05.0049 (UTC) FILETIME=[CFFA4290:01C26DB8] TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Digest for Sunday, October 06, 2002. 1. Re: What path to take... 2. Re: Designing a DSSS Correlator 3. RE: Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) 4. 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings 5. Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings 6. Power Amplifier question. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: What path to take... From: wchast@utilpart.com Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 08:55:48 -0400 X-Message-Number: 1 I already had to do a run of coax, my office used to have a cable connection, that cable connection was live though it had only local channels, all the time I had the place rented out. When I moved my home office into it I just moved my cable modem to the cable connection in the office and things were good, well the cable company came out and cut the cable, they want me to purchase a separate service for my cable modem even though all is on the same property. My fix as just to run 300 ft of coax from the house to the office and get things back on line, but now I have no net- work in my home, so back to the drawing board. I had 1K ft of CATV cable so that was not a problem. > -----Original Message----- > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 10:05 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > I have used water hose for burial. Just tape and "pot" the > connections well. It doesn't last as long as PVC...maybe only 3 > years. I can get 1/2" 10 ft lengths for less than 75 > cents...then kind that is self joining if I buy in lots and I > think it comes in 30 piece lots. If you use this method, feed > only 10 ft of CAT 5 at a time and make the joints as you go. > > Walt > > > wchast@utilpart.com wrote: > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: Walt DuBose [mailto:dubose@texas.net] > > > Sent: Friday, October 04, 2002 11:21 PM > > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > > > > > > > Go to > > > http://www.linksys.com/Products/product.asp?grid=22&prid=432 and > > > download the users guide and look at the network setups. That > > > should answer most of your configuration questions. > > > > > > > Walt, > > Thanks, I think that will do the trick, I may have a roll of > > CAT 5 to test with, I will just go and get me a WET-11 and > > a NIC card for a laptop initially that will get things going > > at the house, this may only be the cost of the WET11 and the > > NIC... > > I got RJ connectors and I think I may have the expensive > > CAT 5 within reach... > > > > I already have a LINKSYS box anyhow so should make it that > > much easier. > > > > > > ***************************************************************** > > This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are > confidential and are > > intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to > whom it is > > addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, > please notify > > the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may > have printed and > > remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. > Opinions, conclusions > > and other information in this message that do not relate to > the official > > business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as > neither given nor > > endorsed by it. > > > > Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com > > ***************************************************************** > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: wchast@utilpart.com > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: Designing a DSSS Correlator From: "P.Gavalas" Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 14:07:47 +0100 X-Message-Number: 2 Dear all, It has been a long time but I am back... Right I see there is quite a lot of "gossiping" on DSSS correlators. I did manage to build one on my third year in the University of Sheffield UK and I have published a paper on it including the cct diagram on the 19th TAPR & ARRL DCC which took place in Orlando. Using a number of shift registers by somehow stickin them together and then wait to get something out of the cct hoping that you will actually correlate the 2 signals was my first thought back then. I presented the thought by designing a high level block diagram to my supervisor. He was not very keen with the idea. Reasons: 1) You need a lot of power. 2) How will you eliminate the huge amounts of noise that will be there to disguise your signal? Remember by applying a 2^n-1 code on top of your signal you effectively scale down your power close to the AGWN level by spreading your transmitting power over a 2^n-1 wider bandwidth. Shift registers are too keen with noise (or should I say that much noise) You need to slide the local generated code at the receiver faster than the relative speed of the incoming signal. You need to use a AM demodulation sceme and when the two codes give maximum output from your double ballanced mixer you then need to rapidly change your local codes speed to the incoming signal's speed!! This can only be done by the use of feedback loops. Buy the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings go to page 35 and read it the related paper I once wrote.. Best Regards to all, Panos Gavalas ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: RE: Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) From: Robert McGwier Date: Sun, 06 Oct 2002 09:54:54 -0400 X-Message-Number: 3 At what sample offset? Using whose clock? You will have to do some kind of tracking. With a chipping rate of (say) 300 kbps, 3e+8/3e+5 = 1 km, so every 500 meters of variation in distance between emitter and receiver will change the your correlator from sampling in the optimal place to the worst place and that will hold only so long as your clocks are synchronous. They never will be without extraordinary measures or tracking. Bob -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Battle Sent: Saturday, October 05, 2002 9:44 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Designing a DSSS Correlator (cont) The thing is, doint it that way requires that I use some sort of slip generator to acquire cone synchronization. On the other hand, the parallel method would sync instantaneously on the first bit. --John John, You don't need a pair of 128 bit registers. Use one xor gate. Feed that into a counter. Clear the counter at the beginning of the sequence. At the end of the sequence latch the results. By the way, hth means "hope that helps". --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings From: John Battle Date: Sun, 06 Oct 2002 20:45:04 -0700 X-Message-Number: 4 Panos: No luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings. Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy or do you happen to have a PDF of the article? --John Battle ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings From: Greg Jones Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2002 22:49:43 -0500 X-Message-Number: 5 TAPR maintains all past proceedings of the conference. http://www.tapr.org/tapr/html/Fcnc19.html Cheers - Greg >Panos: > >No luck in finding the 19th TAPR & ARRL 2000 DCC conferrence procedings. >Tried searching on ARRL. Do you know where I can buy a copy or do you >happen to have a PDF of the article? > >--John Battle > -- ----- Dr. Greg Jones Lecturer, Dept. Technology and Cognition, College of Education University of North Texas, Denton, Texas (972) 492-5472 / Fax (972) 492-5476 email: greg@tapr.org http://created-realities.com "Don't be encumbered by history... Go off and do something wonderful!" -- Robert N. Noyce, Co-founder of Intel Corporation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Power Amplifier question. From: "Darren King" Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 00:12:10 -0400 X-Message-Number: 6 Using a device that has a power of 250mW that also is using a FHSS algorithm for sending and receiving information. Is it possible to amplify this signal to 1W? Does amplification destroy the signal? The boards are embedded type and would like to know what it would take to make the signal reach upto 5Km reliably, I believe 1W should do the trick either way 1W is my target power since with FHSS that's still alowd by the FCC. What types of Power Amplifiers can I add to a circuit to increase its output power? Can anybody refer me to some reading on Power Amplifiers? Thanks Darren King --- END OF DIGEST --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: k8ocl@hotmail.com To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org _________________________________________________________________ Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com ------=_NextPart_000_665c_1ea0_7b20 Content-Type: application/msword; name="IEEE 802assubmitted.doc" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="IEEE 802assubmitted.doc" 0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB AAAATwAAAAAAAAAAEAAAUQAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAE4AAAD///////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////spcEAWyAJBAAA+BK/AAAAAAAAEAAAAAAABAAA NzIAAA4AYmpiauIA4gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAJBBYAaUwAAIBqAQCA agEANy4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD//w8AAAAAAAAA AAD//w8AAAAAAAAAAAD//w8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGwAAAAAABICAAAA AAAAEgIAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAACQA AAAAAAAAAAAAADYCAAAAAAAAJhAAAAAAAAAmEAAAAAAAACYQAAAAAAAAJhAA ABQAAAA6EAAATAAAADYCAAAAAAAA9xkAAEYBAACSEAAAXgAAAPAQAAAAAAAA 8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAPAQAAAA AAAAdhkAAAIAAAB4GQAAAAAAAHgZAAAAAAAAeBkAAAAAAAB4GQAAAAAAAHgZ AAAAAAAAeBkAACQAAAA9GwAAIAIAAF0dAACeAAAAnBkAABUAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwEAAA AAAAAPAQAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAJwZAAAAAAAAeBIAAAAAAAAS AgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAAsRkAABYA AAB4EgAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAAeBIAAAAAAADwEAAABgEAABICAAAAAAAA8BAA AAAAAAASAgAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAAdhkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA8BAAAAAAAAB2GQAAAAAAAHgSAABKBgAAeBIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMIY AAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwhgAAAAAAADwEAAA AAAAAIYQAAAMAAAAsGZBnAxKwgE2AgAA8A0AACYQAAAAAAAA9hEAAIIAAADC GAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwhgAALQAAADHGQAAMAAAAPcZAAAAAAAAwhgAAAAA AAD7HQAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAA+x0AAAAAAADCGAAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAANgIA AAAAAAA2AgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAA AgDZAAAAT24gQW1hdGV1ciBSYWRpbyBVc2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIuMTFiDVJh ZGlvIExvY2FsIEFyZWEgTmV0d29ya3MNDVBhdWwgTC4gUmluYWxkbywgVzRS SQ1NYW5hZ2VyLCBUZWNobmljYWwgUmVsYXRpb25zDUFtZXJpY2FuIFJhZGlv IFJlbGF5IExlYWd1ZQ0TIEhZUEVSTElOSyAibWFpbHRvOnc0cmlAYXJybC5v cmciIAEUdzRyaUBhcnJsLm9yZxUNDUpvaG4gSi4gQ2hhbXBhLCBLOE9DTA1D aGFpcm1hbiwgSGlnaCBTcGVlZCBNdWx0aW1lZGlhIFdvcmtpbmcgR3JvdXAN QW1lcmljYW4gUmFkaW8gUmVsYXkgTGVhZ3VlDRMgSFlQRVJMSU5LICJrOG9j bEBhcnJsLm5ldCIgARRrOG9jbEBhcnJsLm5ldBUNDQ0NDFQNaGUgMjQwMC0y NDUwIE1IeiBiYW5kIGlzIG5vdCBvbmx5IGFuIGFtYXRldXIgYWxsb2NhdGlv biBidXQgaXMgdXNlZCBieSBvdGhlciBzZXJ2aWNlcy4gUHJpbWFyaWx5LCBp dJJzIGFuIGluZHVzdHJpYWwsIHNjaWVudGlmaWMgYW5kIG1lZGljYWwgKElT TSkgYmFuZCB3aXRoIGEgY2VudGVyIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiAyNDUwIE1Iei4g T3RoZXIgdXNlcnMgb2YgdGhlIGJhbmQgbXVzdCBhY2NlcHQgYW55IGludGVy ZmVyZW5jZSBmcm9tIElTTSBlbWl0dGVycy4gVGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2Vydmlj ZSBoYXMgYW4gYWxsb2NhdGlvbiBpbiB0aGlzIGJhbmQgdGhhdCBkaWZmZXJz IHNvbWV3aGF0IGluIHZhcmlvdXMgY291bnRyaWVzLiBIb3dldmVyLCBpbiB0 aGUgVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlcywgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2VydmljZSBoYXMgYSBz ZWNvbmRhcnkgYWxsb2NhdGlvbiBpbiB0aGUgMjQwMC0yNDAyIE1IeiBzZWdt ZW50LCBwcmltYXJ5IGluIDI0MDItMjQxNyBNSHogYW5kIHNlY29uZGFyeSBh dCAyNDE3LTI0NTAgTUh6LiBUaGlzIGJhbmQgKGFjdHVhbGx5IGEgbGFyZ2Vy IGJhbmQgb2YgMjQwMC0yNDgzLjUgTUh6KSBpcyB1c2VkIGJ5IGEgbnVtYmVy IG9mIHVubGljZW5zZWQgbG93LXBvd2VyIGRldmljZXMsIHN1Y2ggYXMgY29y ZGxlc3MgdGVsZXBob25lcyBhbmQgcmFkaW8gbG9jYWwgYXJlYSBuZXR3b3Jr cyAoUkxBTnMpLiBUaGVzZSBpbmNsdWRlIElFRUUgODAyLjExYiBhbmQgQmx1 ZXRvb3RoLiBRdWl0ZSBvZnRlbiwgdGhlIHRyYWRlIHByZXNzIG1pc2NoYXJh Y3Rlcml6ZXMgdGhpcyBiYW5kIGFzIJN1bmxpY2Vuc2VkIHNwZWN0cnVtLJQg d2hpY2ggbWF5IGluZGljYXRlIHRoZXmScmUgbm90IGF3YXJlIG9mIHRoZSBh bWF0ZXVyIHByaW1hcnkgb3Igc2Vjb25kYXJ5IGFsbG9jYXRpb25zLiBPbmUg b3RoZXIgdGhpbmcgYWJvdXQgYW1hdGV1ciBhbGxvY2F0aW9uIHN0YXR1cyBp cyB0aGF0LCBvbiBwZXRpdGlvbiBmcm9tIEFSUkwsIHRoZSBGQ0MgaGFzIGlz c3VlZCBhIE5vdGljZSBvZiBQcm9wb3NlZCBSdWxlIE1ha2luZyB0byB1cGdy YWRlIHRoZSBiYW5kIDI0MDAtMjQwMiBNSHogdG8gcHJpbWFyeSBzdGF0dXMu DQ1UaGlzIGp1bWJsZSBvZiBhbGxvY2F0aW9ucyBhbmQgdXNlcyBjYW4gYmUg dmlld2VkIGFzIGEgZ2xhc3MgaGFsZiBlbXB0eSBvciBoYWxmIGZ1bGwuIE9u ZSB2aWV3IGlzIHRoYXQgdGhlIEZDQyBoYXMgbG9hZGVkIHRoaXMgYmFuZCB3 aXRoIHNvIG1hbnkgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zIGFzIHRvIG1ha2UgYW1hdGV1ciBv cGVyYXRpb24gdmVyeSBkaWZmaWN1bHQuIEFuZCwgdGhlcmUgYXJlIGdyb3dp bmcgYW5lY2RvdGFsIHN0b3JpZXMgdGhhdCBhbWF0ZXVyIHN5c3RlbXMsIHBh cnRpY3VsYXJseSBhbWF0ZXVyIHRlbGV2aXNpb24gcmVwZWF0ZXJzLCBvcGVy YXRpbmcgaW4gdGhpcyBiYW5kIGFyZSBleHBlcmllbmNpbmcgaGFybWZ1bCBp bnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgZnJvbSBJRUVFIDgwMi4xMWIgZGV2aWNlcy4gVGhlcmUg aXMgZ3Jvd2luZyB1c2Ugb2YgODAyLjExYiBpbiBidWlsZGluZyBhbmQgY2Ft cHVzIFJMQU5zLiBUaGUgZ2VuZXJhbCBleHBlcmllbmNlIGlzIHRoYXQgUkxB TnMgaW5zaWRlIGJ1aWxkaW5ncyB1c3VhbGx5IGRvIG5vdCByYWRpYXRlIG11 Y2ggZW5lcmd5IG91dHNpZGUgYmVjYXVzZSBvZiBvdXRlciB3YWxsIGF0dGVu dWF0aW9uLiBFdmVuIHdpbmRvd3MgY2FuIGF0dGVudWF0ZSB0aGUgc2lnbmFs IHRocm91Z2ggYXBwbGljYXRpb24gb2Ygc3VuIHNoaWVsZGluZyBmaWxtLiAN DVRoZSBJbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UNDVNvLCB0aGUgbWFpbiBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2Ug ZnJvbSA4MDIuMTFiIHRvIGFtYXRldXIgc3lzdGVtcyBzZWVtcyB0byBiZSB0 aGUgb3V0c2lkZSBSTEFOIGFjY2VzcyBwb2ludHMgKEFQcykuIE1vc3Qgb3Bl cmF0ZSB3aXRoaW4gdGhlIEZDQyBQYXJ0IDE1IFJ1bGVzIGFuZCBtYXkgb3Ig bWF5IG5vdCBiZSBhIHByb2JsZW0gdG8gYW1hdGV1ciBzeXN0ZW1zIGRlcGVu ZGluZyBvbiBwcm94aW1pdHksIGxpbmUtb2Ytc2lnaHQgYW5kIG90aGVyIGZh Y3RvcnMuIFRob3NlIGNsb3NlIGJ5LCBwZXJoYXBzIHdpdGggZGlyZWN0aW9u YWwgYW50ZW5uYXMgYm9yZS1zaWdodGVkIHRvd2FyZCBhbiBhbWF0ZXVyIHN0 YXRpb24gYXJlIGxpa2VseSB0byBiZSBhIHByb2JsZW0uIEluIGFkZGl0aW9u LCB0aGVyZSBhcmUgYW4gaW5jcmVhc2luZyBudW1iZXIgb2YgQVBzIG9wZXJh dGluZyBvdXRzaWRlIHRoZSBSdWxlcy4gDQ1UaGUgRkNDIGlzIGF3YXJlIG9m IHNvbWUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGlnaC1wb3dlciBBUHMgYW5kIGlzIGNvbnNpZGVy aW5nIGVuZm9yY2VtZW50IGFjdGlvbi4gQVJSTCBoYXMgYSBwcm9ncmFtIGNh bGxlZCBBbWF0ZXVyIFJhZGlvIEludGVyZmVyZW5jZSBBc3Nlc3NtZW50IChB UklBKSB0aGF0IGlzIHRyeWluZyB0byBtZWFzdXJlIHRoZSBub2lzZSBsZXZl bCBpbiB0aGUgMjQwMC0yNDUwIE1IeiBiYW5kIChhbmQgb3RoZXJzKS4gSG93 ZXZlciwgdGhpcyBpcyBhIG1vdmluZyB0YXJnZXQgYW5kIHRoZSBzaXR1YXRp b24gY291bGQgY2hhbmdlIGRyYW1hdGljYWxseSBpbiBhIHllYXIuDQ1UaGUg T3Bwb3J0dW5pdHkNDTgwMi4xMWIgcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIEFtYXRldXIgUmFk aW8gY29tbXVuaXR5IHdpdGggYW4gb3Bwb3J0dW5pdHkgdG8gdXNlIHRoZSBp bmV4cGVuc2l2ZSBSTEFOIGNhcmRzIGZvciBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG11bHRpbWVk aWEgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zIGluY2x1ZGluZyBzdHJlYW1pbmcgdGVsZXZpc2lv bi4gV2hpbGUgbW9zdCBwcmljZXMgcHJlc2VudGx5IGhvdmVyIGFyb3VuZCAk MTAwLCBzb21lIGFyZSBhdmFpbGFibGUgYXQgYWJvdXQgaGFsZiB0aGF0IHBy aWNlLiBUaGUgQVBzLCBob3dldmVyLCBhcmUgbW9yZSBleHBlbnNpdmUgYnkg dmlydHVlIG9mIGxvd2VyIHNhbGVzIHZvbHVtZXMgYnV0IGFyZSBhdmFpbGFi bGUgZm9yIHNldmVyYWwgaHVuZHJlZCBkb2xsYXJzLiANDUZyZXF1ZW5jaWVz DQ04MDIuMTFiIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBzcGVjaWZpZWQgb24gY2VudGVyIGZy ZXF1ZW5jaWVzIDUgTUh6IGFwYXJ0Og0NQ2hhbm5lbAdDZW50ZXIgRnJlcQ1N SHoHQ29tbWVudHMHBzENMg0zDTQNNQ02BzI0MTINMjQxNw0yNDIyDTI0MjcN MjQzMg0yNDM3B1RoZXNlIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSB1c2VkIGluIHRoZSBVUyBh bmQgb3RoZXIgY291bnRyaWVzIGJ5IDgwMi4xMWIgZGV2aWNlcy4gVGhlaXIg ZW1pc3Npb25zIGZhbGwgd2l0aGluIHRoZSAyNDAwLTI0NTAgTUh6IGFtYXRl dXIgYmFuZC4HBzcNOA05DTEwDTExBzI0NDINMjQ0Nw0yNDUyDTI0NTcNMjQ2 MgdUaGVzZSBjaGFubmVscyBhcmUgdXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgVVMgYW5kIG90aGVy IGNvdW50cmllcyBieSA4MDIuMTFiIGRldmljZXMsIGJ1dCBjYW5ub3QgYmUg dXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgYW1hdGV1ciBzZXJ2aWNlLgcHMTINMTMHMjQ2Nw0yNDcy B05vdCB1c2VkIGJ5IDgwMi4xMSBpbiB0aGUgVVMuBwcxNAcyNDg0B0phcGFu IG9ubHkuBwcNVGhlIGV4aXN0ZW5jZSBvZiAxNCBjaGFubmVscyBkb2VzIG5v dCBtZWFuIHRoYXQgYWxsIGFyZSB1c2FibGUuIEluIGZhY3QsIHRoZSBjaGFu bmVsIGJhbmR3aWR0aCBpcyAyMiBNSHosIG9yIDExIE1IeiBlaXRoZXIgc2lk ZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIGZyZXF1ZW5jeS4gU28gY2hhbm5lbCAxIG9jY3Vw aWVzIGZyb20gMjQwMSB0byAyNDIzIE1Iei4gRnVydGhlcm1vcmUsIHRoZSBy ZWNlaXZlcnMgYXJlIHN1Y2ggdGhhdCB0aGVyZSBzaG91bGQgYmUgMjUgTUh6 IHNlcGFyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiBjaGFubmVsIGNlbnRlcnMgdXNlZCBpbiB0 aGUgc2FtZSBsb2NhdGlvbi4gSW4gcHJhY3RpY2UsIGNoYW5uZWxzIDEsIDYg YW5kIDExIGFyZSB0aGUgcG9wdWxhciBvbmVzLg0NQ2hhbm5lbHMgMSBhbmQg NiBmYWxsIGNvbXBsZXRlbHkgd2l0aGluIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIGJhbmQgMjQw MC0yNDUwIE1IeiwgYW5kIGNvdWxkIGJlIHVzZWQgYnkgYW1hdGV1cnMgdW5k ZXIgUGFydCA5NyBvZiB0aGUgRkNDIFJ1bGVzIHBlcm1pdHRpbmcgc3ByZWFk IHNwZWN0cnVtIChTUykgb3BlcmF0aW9uLiBJbiBmYWN0LCBhbWF0ZXVycyBh cmUgcGVybWl0dGVkIHVwIHRvIDEgd2F0dCBvZiB0cmFuc21pdHRlciBwb3dl ciBvdXRwdXQgd2l0aG91dCBhdXRvbWF0aWMgcG93ZXIgY29udHJvbCAoQVBD KSBhbmQgdXAgdG8gMTAwIHdhdHRzIGlmIEFQQyBpcyB1c2VkLg0NQmFuZCBQ bGFuDSANVGhlIGV4aXN0aW5nICgxOTkxKSBBUlJMIGJhbmQgcGxhbiBmb3Ig dGhlIDEzLWNtIGJhbmQgd2FzIG5vdCB3cml0dGVuIHdpdGggODAyLjExYiBp biBtaW5kLiBIZXJlIGFyZSB0aGUgZXhpc3RpbmcgYmFuZCBwbGFuIHNlZ21l bnRzOg0NMjQwMC0yNDAzCVNhdGVsbGl0ZQ0yNDAzLTI0MDgJU2F0ZWxsaXRl IGhpZ2gtcmF0ZSBkYXRhDTI0MDgtMjQxMAlTYXRlbGxpdGUNMjQxMC0yNDEz CUZNIHJlcGVhdGVycyAoMjUga0h6IHNwYWNpbmcpIG91dHB1dA0yNDEzLTI0 MTgJSGlnaC1yYXRlIGRhdGENMjQxOC0yNDMwCUZhc3Qtc2NhbiBUVg0yNDMw LTI0MzgJU2F0ZWxsaXRlDTI0MzMtMjQzOAlTYXRlbGxpdGUgaGlnaC1yYXRl IGRhdGENMjQzOC0yNDUwCVdpZGViYW5kIEZNLCBGU1RWLCBGTVRWLCBTUywg ZXhwZXJpbWVudGFsDQ1JdCBpcyBub3QgcG9zc2libGUgdG8gcGljayBhbiA4 MDIuMTFiIGNoYW5uZWwgd2l0aGluIHRoZSAxIHRvIDYgcmFuZ2Ugd2l0aG91 dCBidW1waW5nIGludG8gYW5vdGhlciB1c2Ugc3BlY2lmaWVkIGluIHRoZSBi YW5kIHBsYW4uIEJlYXIgaW4gbWluZCwgaG93ZXZlciwgdGhhdCB0aGVyZSBt YXkgYmUgc29tZSBsb2NhbCB2YXJpYXRpb25zLiBXaGlsZSBpdCBpcyBnb29k IHByYWN0aWNlIHRvIG9wZXJhdGUgd2l0aGluIHRoZSBhcHBsaWNhYmxlIGJh bmQgcGxhbiwgc29tZSBmbGV4aWJpbGl0eSBleGlzdHMuIEdlbmVyYWxseSwg YW4gYW1hdGV1ciBzdGF0aW9uIG9wZXJhdGluZyBpbiBhY2NvcmRhbmNlIHdp dGggYSBiYW5kIHBsYW4gaGFzIHNvbWUgcHJlY2VkZW5jZSBvdmVyIGEgc3Rh dGlvbiBub3Qgb3BlcmF0aW5nIGFjY29yZGluZyB0byB0aGUgYmFuZCBwbGFu LiBUaGUgbWFpbiB0aGluZyBpcyB0byBhdm9pZCBoYXJtZnVsIGludGVyZmVy ZW5jZSB0byB1c2VycyBvcGVyYXRpbmcgaW4gYWNjb3JkYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRo ZSBiYW5kIHBsYW4uIFRoZSBBUlJMIFJlcGVhdGVyIERpcmVjdG9yeSBsaXN0 cyBzb21lLCBidXQgbm90IGFsbCwgdXNlcyBvZiB0aGUgYmFuZC4gVGhlIGxv Y2FsIHJlcGVhdGVyIGNvb3JkaW5hdG9yIHNob3VsZCBoYXZlIGFkZGl0aW9u YWwgaW5mb3JtYXRpb24gb2Ygd2hvIGlzIGRvaW5nIHdoYXQgaW4gb3JkZXIg dG8gYXZvaWQgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIHRvIGV4aXN0aW5nIHVzZXJzLg0uDUFt YXRldXJzIGluIExpdmluZ3N0b24gQ291bnR5IChNSSkgYXJlIGluIHRoZSBw cm9jZXNzIG9mIHBsYW5uaW5nIHdoYXQgbWlnaHQgYmUgdGhlIGZpcnN0IGFt YXRldXIgODAyLjExYiBuZXR3b3JrLiAgVGhleSBhcmUgY29vcmRpbmF0aW5n IHRoZWlyIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRzIHdpdGggdGhlIEFSUkwgSGlnaCBTcGVlZCBN dWx0aW1lZGlhIFdvcmtpbmcgR3JvdXAgKEhTTU0pIGFuZCB0aGUgTWljaGln YW4gQXJlYSBSZXBlYXRlciBDb3VuY2lsIChNQVJDKS4NDUN1cnJlbnQgcGxh bnMgY2FsbCBmb3IgdXNpbmcgODAyLjExYiBDaGFubmVsIDYgd2l0aCBhIGNl bnRlciBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgMjQzNyBNSHouICBUaGlzIGFwcHJvYWNoIHdp bGwgcGxhY2UgdGhlIDIyIE1IeiBzcHJlYWQgc3BlY3RydW0gc2lnbmFsIGlu IHdoYXQgYXBwZWFycyB0byBiZSB0aGUgbW9zdCBsb2dpY2FsIGZyZXF1ZW5j eSBmb3Igc3VjaCB0ZXN0aW5nLiAgQXBwcm94aW1hdGVseSBoYWxmIG9mIHRo ZSBzaWduYWwgaXMgaW4gdGhlIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRhbCBwb3J0aW9uIG9mIHRo ZSBiYW5kICgyNDM4ljI0NTAgTUh6KSBhbHJlYWR5IGRlc2lnbmF0ZWQgZm9y IHNwcmVhZCBzcGVjdHJ1bSB1c2UuICBUaGUgb3RoZXIgaGFsZiBvZiB0aGUg c2lnbmFsIGlzIGluIHRoZSBjdXJyZW50bHkgdW4tdXNlZCBzYXRlbGxpdGUg c3ViLWJhbmQgKEFNU0FULU9TQ0FSIDQwIGRvd25saW5rcyBhcm91bmQgMjQw MSBNSHopIGFuZCB0aGUgMi40IEdIeiBmYXN0LXNjYW4gQVRWIHN1Yi1iYW5k Lg0NSWYgZWZmZWN0aXZlIEFQQyB0ZWNobmlxdWVzIGNhbiBiZSBkZXZlbG9w ZWQsIHRoZSBleHBlcmltZW50ZXJzIHBsYW4gdG8gdXNlIFJGIG91dHB1dCBw b3dlciBpbiB0aGUgcmFuZ2Ugb2YgMi00IHdhdHRzLiBXaXRoIHNtYWxsIGRp c2ggYW50ZW5uYXMgYW5kIGhlbGljYWwgYmVhbXMsIHRoZSBleHBlcmltZW50 ZXJzIGhvcGUgdG8gYWNoaWV2ZSB0aHJvdWdocHV0cyBpbiB0aGUgcmFuZ2Ug b2YgMS0zIE1iaXQvcyBvdmVyIGEgcmFuZ2Ugb2YgMTAgbWlsZXMgb3IgbW9y ZS4gIA0NSWRlbnRpZmljYXRpb24NDUFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlvbiB1c2lu ZyA4MDIuMTFiIG11c3QgaWRlbnRpZnkgcGVyaW9kaWNhbGx5IGFjY29yZGlu ZyB0byBQYXJ0IDk3LiBTb21lIGhhdmUgY29uc2lkZXJlZCBtb2RpZmljYXRp b24gb2YgdGhlIDgwMi4xMWIgcHJvdG9jb2wgdG8gbWFwIHN0YXRpb24gY2Fs bCBzaWducyBpbnRvIHRoZSBmcmFtZXMgaW4gYSBtYW5uZXIgc2ltaWxhciB0 byB0aGF0IHVzZWQgaW4gQVguMjUuDQ1UaGUgc2ltcGxlc3Qgd2F5LCBhdCBs ZWFzdCBmb3Igbm93LCBpcyB0byBpZGVudGlmeSBpbiB0aGUgdGV4dCBvZiB0 aGUgbWVzc2FnZSwgc28gdGhhdCBhbnlvbmUgd2l0aCBhIG5vcm1hbCA4MDIu MTFiIGNhcmQgY2FuIHJlYWQgdGhlIGlkZW50aXRpZXMgb2YgdGhlIHRyYW5z bWl0dGluZyBzdGF0aW9ucy4NDUluIHRoZSBMaXZpbmdzdG9uIENvdW50eSBh bWF0ZXVyIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRhbCBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG5ldHdvcmsgbWVudGlv bmVkIHByZXZpb3VzbHksIGlkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIHdpbGwgYmUgY2FsbCBz aWducyB0eXBlZCBpbiBub3JtYWwgODAyLjExYiB0ZXh0LiAgTm9ybWFsIHZv aWNlIGlkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIHdpbGwgdXNlIHN0cmVhbWluZyBhdWRpby4g IE5vcm1hbCBBVFYgaWRlbnRpZmljYXRpb24gd2lsbCBiZSB1c2VkIGZvciBz dHJlYW1pbmcgdmlkZW8uICBJZiB5b3Ugd291bGQgbGlrZSBtb3JlIGRldGFp bHMgb24gdGhpcyBleHBlcmltZW50YWwgYW1hdGV1ciBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG11 bHRpbWVkaWEgbmV0d29yaywgcGxlYXNlIGNvbnRhY3Qgb25lIG9mIHRoZSBh dXRob3JzLg0NSW50ZXJvcGVyYXRpb24gd2l0aCBQYXJ0IDE1IFJMQU5zDQ1U aGlzIGlzIHZlcnkgc3RpY2t5LiBUZWNobmljYWxseSwgYW4gYW1hdGV1ciBz dGF0aW9uIHVzaW5nIDgwMi4xMWIgY291bGQgaW50ZXJvcGVyYXRlIHdpdGgg YW4gUkxBTiBvcGVyYXRpbmcgdW5kZXIgUGFydCAxNSBydWxlcy4gSG93ZXZl ciwgY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIEZDQyBQYXJ0cyBpcyBjb25zaWRl cmVkIGEgk25vLW5vLpQgTmV2ZXJ0aGVsZXNzLCBpdJJzIHBvc3NpYmxlIGZv ciBhbiBhbWF0ZXVyIHVzaW5nIHRoZSBzYW1lIDgwMi4xMWIgY2FyZCB0byBj b21tdW5pY2F0ZSB3aXRoIGFuIFJMQU4gdW5kZXIgUGFydCAxNSBvZiB0aGUg UnVsZXMuIA0NVGhlIHByb2JsZW0gaXMgdGhhdCBhIG1lc3NhZ2UgcmVjZWl2 ZWQgb3ZlciBhIFBhcnQgMTUgbGluayBtdXN0IGJlIHNjcmVlbmVkIGZvciBw ZXJtaXNzaWJsZSBjb250ZW50IGJlZm9yZSBpdCBjYW4gYmUgaW50cm9kdWNl ZCBpbnRvIGEgUGFydCA5NyBsaW5rLiBIb3dldmVyLCBhIHByb3BlciBQYXJ0 IDk3IG1lc3NhZ2UgY291bGQgYmUgc2VudCBvbiBhIFBhcnQgMTUgbGluay4N DUNvbmZ1c2luZz8gVGhlIFJ1bGVzIHdlcmUgbm90IHdyaXR0ZW4gd2l0aCBh bnkgb2YgdGhpcyBpbiBtaW5kLg0NSW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIElzc3Vlcw0NV2hp bGUgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2VydmljZXMgaGF2ZSBwcmltYXJ5IGFuZCBzZWNv bmRhcnkgYWxsb2NhdGlvbnMgaW4gdGhlIDI0MDAtMjQ1MCBNSHogYmFuZCwg YW5kIHRoZSBQYXJ0IDE1IGRldmljZXMgb3BlcmF0ZSB0aGVyZSB3aXRob3V0 IGxpY2Vuc2UgYW5kIG11c3Qgbm90IGludGVyZmVyZSB3aXRoIG9yIGNsYWlt IHByb3RlY3Rpb24gZnJvbSBsaWNlbnNlZCBzZXJ2aWNlcywgdGhlcmUgaXMg YSBwcm9ibGVtLiANVGhlIGFtYXRldXIgbGljZW5zZWUgbG9va3MgYXQgdGhl IHJlZ3VsYXRvcnkgc3RhdHVzIGFuZCBzZWVzIHRoZXJlIGlzIG5vIG5lZWQg dG8gdGFrZSBQYXJ0IDE1IGRldmljZXMgaW50byBhY2NvdW50IGJlZm9yZSB0 cmFuc21pdHRpbmcuIElmIGludGVyZmVyZW5jZSBmcm9tIFBhcnQgMTUgZGV2 aWNlcyBpcyBoYXJtZnVsLCB0aGUgYW1hdGV1ciBjYW4gcmVwb3J0IHRoaXMg dG8gdGhlIEZDQyBmb3IgZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQgYWN0aW9uLg0NT24gdGhlIG90 aGVyIGhhbmQsIHRoZSBQYXJ0IDE1IHVzZXIganVzdCBsYWlkIG91dCAkMTAw IG9yIHNvIGZvciB0aGUgUkxBTiBjYXJkIGFuZCBleHBlY3RzIGl0IHRvIG9w ZXJhdGUuICBIZSBvciBzaGUgbWF5IG5vdCBiZSBoYXBweSB0aGF0IGl0IGRv ZXNuknQgd29yayBhbmQgbWF5IGJlY29tZSBjb252aW5jZWQgdGhhdCB0aGUg Y2F1c2UgaXMgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIGZyb20gYW4gYW1hdGV1ciBzdGF0aW9u LiANDVVuZm9ydHVuYXRlbHksIHRoZXJlIGFyZSBtb3JlIG9mIHRoZW0gdGhh biB0aGVyZSBhcmUgb2YgdXMuIEEgbGFyZ2UgbnVtYmVyIG9mIGNvbXBsYWlu dHMgY29taW5nIHRvIFdhc2hpbmd0b24gY291bGQgYmUgYSBwcm9ibGVtIGFu ZCB0aGUgb3V0Y29tZSBtaWdodCBub3QgYmUgd2hhdCB3ZSB3YW50LiBUaGVy ZWZvcmUsIGl0IHBheXMgdG8gdGFrZSB0aGlzIHNlcmlvdXNseSBhbmQgY29u c2lkZXIgbWl0aWdhdGlvbiBvZiBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgdG8vZnJvbSBSTEFO cyBpbiBhbnkgYW1hdGV1ciBuZXR3b3JrLg0NQmVzdCBQcmFjdGljZXMNDVRo ZXJlIGlzIGEgbmVlZCB0byBkZXZlbG9wIGEgc2V0IG9mIGJlc3QgcHJhY3Rp Y2VzIGluIHVzZSBvZiA4MDIuMTFiIGluIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIHNlcnZpY2Uu IFRoaXMgcGFwZXIgdG91Y2hlcyBvbiBhIG51bWJlciBvZiBjb25zaWRlcmF0 aW9ucy4NDVJlY29tbWVuZGVkIEFkZGl0aW9uYWwgUmVhZGluZw0NV2lyZWxl c3MgTEFOcyBFbmQgdG8gRW5kLCBCcnVjZSBJSUksIFdhbHRlciBSLiwgYW5k IEdpbHN0ZXIsIFJvbiAoU2VyaWVzIEVkaXRvciksIEh1bmdyeSBNaW5kcywg SW5jLiwgMjAwMi4NEyBIWVBFUkxJTksgImh0dHA6Ly93d3cuaHVuZ3J5bWlu ZHMuY29tLyIgARRodHRwOi8vd3d3Lmh1bmdyeW1pbmRzLmNvbS8VDUlTQk46 ICAwLTc2NDUtNDg4OC0zDQ1NaWNyb3dhdmUgSGFuZGJvb2ssIFZvbHVtZSAx LCBDb21wb25lbnRzIGFuZCBPcGVyYXRpbmcgVGVjaG5pcXVlcywgRGl4b24s IE0uVy4tIEczUEZSIChFZGl0b3IpLCBSYWRpbyBTb2NpZXR5IG9mIEdyZWF0 IEJyaXRhaW4sIDE5ODkuIElTQk4gMC05MDA2MTItODktNA0TSFlQRVJMSU5L ICJodHRwOi8vd3d3LmFycmwub3JnLyIBFGh0dHA6Ly93d3cuYXJybC5vcmcv FQ0NQWxzbyBzZWU6IBMgSFlQRVJMSU5LICJodHRwOi8vMjA5LjE4NS4yNDAu MjUwOjgwL2NnaS1iaW4vbGlua3JkP19sYW5nPUVOJmxhaD0yYzVlZDlkMDEx N2RjNzZiNDJlZjRmNDhmNjE2NGJiZCZsYXQ9MTAyOTM4NDk4OCZobV9fX2Fj dGlvbj1odHRwJTNhJTJmJTJmd3d3JTJlcXNsJTJlbmV0JTJma2I5bXdyJTJm cHJvamVjdHMlMmZ3aXJlbGVzcyUyZnBsYW4lMmVodG1sIiBcdCAiX2JsYW5r IiAUaHR0cDovL3d3dy5xc2wubmV0L2tiOW13ci9wcm9qZWN0cy93aXJlbGVz cy9wbGFuLmh0bWwVLiAgDQ0NDQ0NDQ1DdXJyZW50IEZDQyBSZWd1bGF0aW9u cw0NRkNDIFBhcnQgOTcuMzExIFNwcmVhZCBTcGVjdHJ1bSBSdWxlcyBhcHBs eSB0byA4MDIuMTFiDQ05Ny4zMTEgU1MgZW1pc3Npb24gdHlwZXMNDShhKSBT UyBlbWlzc2lvbiB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIGJ5IGFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlv biBhcmUgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBvbmx5oGZvciBjb21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucyBiZXR3 ZWVuIHBvaW50cyB3aXRoaW4gYXJlYXMgd2hlcmUgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2Vy dmljZSBpcyByZWd1bGF0ZWQgYnkgdGhlIEZDQyBhbmQgYmV0d2VlbiBhbiBh cmVhIHdoZXJlIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIHNlcnZpY2UgaXMgcmVndWxhdGVkIGJ5 IHRoZSBGQ0MgYW5kIGFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlvbiBpbiBhbm90aGVyIGNv dW50cnkgdGhhdCBwZXJtaXRzIHN1Y2ggY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbnMuoCBTUyBl bWlzc2lvbiB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIG11c3Qgbm90IGJlIHVzZWQgZm9yIHRo ZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIG9ic2N1cmluZyB0aGUgbWVhbmluZyBvZiBhbnkgY29t bXVuaWNhdGlvbi4NDShiKSBBIHN0YXRpb24gdHJhbnNtaXR0aW5nIFNTIGVt aXNzaW9ucyBtdXN0IG5vdCBjYXVzZSBoYXJtZnVsIGludGVyZmVyZW5jZSB0 byBzdGF0aW9ucyBlbXBsb3lpbmcgb3RoZXIgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBlbWlzc2lv bnMsIGFuZA1tdXN0IGFjY2VwdCBhbGwgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIGNhdXNlZCBi eSBzdGF0aW9ucyBlbXBsb3lpbmcgb3RoZXIgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBtb2Rlcy4N DShjKSBXaGVuIGRlZW1lZCBuZWNlc3NhcnkgYnkgYSBEaXN0cmljdCBEaXJl Y3RvciB0byBhc3N1cmUgY29tcGxpYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRoaXMgUGFydCwgYSBz dGF0aW9uIGxpY2Vuc2VlIG11c3Q6DQ2gICgxKSBDZWFzZSBTUyBlbWlzc2lv biB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zOw2gICgyKSBSZXN0cmljdCBTUyBlbWlzc2lvbiB0 cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIHRvIHRoZSBleHRlbnQgaW5zdHJ1Y3RlZDsgYW5kIA2g ICgzKSBNYWludGFpbiBhIHJlY29yZCwgY29udmVydGlibGUgdG8gdGhlIG9y aWdpbmFsIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uICh2b2ljZSwgdGVzdCwgaW1hZ2UsIGV0Yy4p IG9mIGFsbCBzcHJlYWQgc3BlY3RydW0gY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbnMgdHJhbnNt aXR0ZWQuDQ0oZCkgVGhlIHRyYW5zbWl0dGVyIHBvd2VyIG11c3Qgbm90IGV4 Y2VlZCAxMDAgVyB1bmRlciBhbnkgY2lyY3Vtc3RhbmNlcy4NSWYgbW9yZSB0 aGFuIDEgVyBpcyB1c2VkLCBhdXRvbWF0aWMgdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgY29udHJv bCBzaGFsbCBsaW1pdCBvdXRwdXQgcG93ZXIgdG8gdGhhdCB3aGljaCBpcyBy ZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgdGhlIGNvbW11bmljYXRpb24uoCBUaGlzIHNoYWxsIGJl IGRldGVybWluZWQgYnkgdGhlIHVzZSBvZiB0aGUgcmF0aW8sIG1lYXN1cmVk IGF0IHRoZSByZWNlaXZlciygb2YgdGhlIHJlY2VpdmVkIGVuZXJneSBwZXIg dXNlciBkYXRhIGJpdCAoRWIpIHRvIHRoZSBzdW0gb2YgdGhlIHJlY2VpdmVk IHBvd2VyIHNwZWN0cmFsIGRlbnNpdGllcyBvZiBub2lzZSAoTjApIGFuZCBj by1jaGFubmVsoCBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgKEkwKS6gIEF2ZXJhZ2UgdHJhbnNt aXR0ZXIgcG93ZXIgb3ZlciAxIFcgc2hhbGwgYmUgYXV0b21hdGljYWxseSBh ZGp1c3RlZCB0byBtYWludGFpbiBhbiBFYi8oTjArSTApIHJhdGlvIG9mIG5v IG1vcmWgdGhhbiAyMyBkQiBhdCB0aGUgaW50ZW5kZWQgcmVjZWl2ZXIuDQ0N DQ0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAEAEAACPBAAAkAQAALIEAACzBAAAtAQAAMEEAADCBAAA JAUAACUFAABBBQAAQgUAAEMFAABRBQAAUgUAAFcFAABZBQAAPgwAAE8MAABj DwAAcw8AAPEQAAD9EAAAjREAABMSAAA5EgAArhIAAL8SAADdEgAA5hIAAPIS AAC1FQAAvxUAAIIZAACUGQAAXh4AAG0eAACLIQAArSEAAA0kAAAhJAAAHigA AC0oAADdKAAA3igAAPYoAABKKQAASykAAHQpAAB1KQAAdikAAJEpAACSKQAA qSkAAOwpAABCKgAAQyoAAGMqAAD9APgA8Pjt+AD4AOX47fgA4ADcANwA3ADZ ANkA2QDZANwA1QDcANwA3ADcAM/HwLXAp7WitcDZnpWeAAAAABADagAAAAA2 CIFDShYAVQgBAAc2CIFDShYACDBKDwBDShYAABsCCIEDaq8BAAAGCAFDShYA T0oDAFFKAwBVCAEVA2oAAAAAQ0oWAE9KAwBRSgMAVQgBDENKFgBPSgMAUUoD AAAPNgiBQ0oWAE9KAwBRSgMACzUIgU9KAwBRSgMABjYIgV0IgQAEQ0oWAAAG NQiBXAiBAAhDSm0ARUj1/wAPAgiBA2q7AAAABggBVQgBBDBKDwAADwIIgQNq AAAAAAYIAVUIAQkDagAAAABVCAEEQ0ooADoABAAAJQQAAD8EAABABAAAVgQA AHMEAACPBAAAwwQAAMQEAADaBAAACAUAACQFAABTBQAAVAUAAFUFAABWBQAA VwUAAFkFAACbCQAAnAkAAD0MAAA+DAAATwwAAFAMAAAYDgAAGQ4AAGIPAAD6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD4AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAARhNACYITQ Ag0AAAYkARJkzPwAABsmICMkAixEGQA5RAIAAAEAAAAEAAADJAFhJAEAGgAE AAA3MgAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAABAQAAQEBYg8AAGMPAABzDwAAdA8AAPAQAADxEAAA/RAAAP4Q AABAEQAAQREAAEkRAABVEQAAWREAAGIRAABjEQAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD3AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA9wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHnEAgAAAAAAAAAAAAB+AAAWJAEXJAFJZgEA AAAClmwABdYYBAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAACNZGAAOU/6cDTgem EAAGEwQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAanAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABlgJ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABPWMAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAA AP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAABT2AQAAFTYBGtYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/ G9YMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HNYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HdYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/ NNYGAAEKA2wAYfYDAAAGAAAWJAFJZgEAAAAAAQAAAA5jEQAAZREAAGcRAABp EQAAaxEAAG0RAABvEQAAdBEAAHkRAAB+EQAAgxEAAIgRAACNEQAAExIAABQS AAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe2wCAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAB+AAAWJAEXJAFJZgEAAAAClmwABdYYBAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEA AAQBAAAEAQAACNZGAAOU/6cDTgemEAAGEwQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAan AwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABlgJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABPWMAAAAP8E AQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAABT2 AQAAFTYBGtYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/G9YMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HNYMAAAA/wAA AP8AAAD/HdYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/NNYGAAEKA2wAYfYDAAAGAAAWJAFJZgEA AAAADhQSAAAWEgAAGBIAABoSAAAdEgAAIBIAACUSAAAqEgAALxIAADQSAAA5 EgAArhIAAK8SAACyEgAAtRIAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe7wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH4AABYkARckAUlmAQAAAAKWbAAF 1hgEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAI1kYAA5T/pwNOB6YQAAYTBAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABqcDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGWAkAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAE9YwAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAA AAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAFPYBAAAVNgEa1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP8b1gwAAAD/ AAAA/wAAAP8c1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP8d1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP801gYAAQoD bABh9gMAAAYAABYkAUlmAQAAAAAOtRIAALoSAAC/EgAA3RIAAN4SAADhEgAA 5hIAAPISAADzEgAA9BIAAHAUAABxFAAAtBUAALUVAAC/FQAA+QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe1QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHsAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAB5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAfgAA FiQBFyQBSWYBAAAAApZsAAXWGAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAjW RgADlP+nA04HphAABhMEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGpwMAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAZYCQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAT1jAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAA AAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAU9gEAABU2ARrWDAAA AP8AAAD/AAAA/xvWDAAAAP8AAAD/AAAA/xzWDAAAAP8AAAD/AAAA/x3WDAAA AP8AAAD/AAAA/zTWBgABCgNsAGH2AwAABgAAFiQBSWYBAAAAAA6/FQAAwRUA AEcWAABIFgAAXBYAAH8WAACTFgAAwhYAANsWAADyFgAABhcAACkXAABdFwAA XhcAAEkaAABLGgAATxsAAFAbAABMHQAATR0AAF0eAABeHgAAbR4AAG4eAABP HwAAUB8AAP8fAAAAIAAAiiEAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA /QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADzAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADzAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACQAAD4SgBRGEYPpehKAF YIRg+gABAAAAHIohAACLIQAArSEAAK4hAADyIgAA8yIAAMsjAADMIwAADCQA AA0kAAAhJAAAIiQAABIlAAAKJgAACyYAAPgmAAD5JgAAHSgAAB4oAAAtKAAA LigAAL0oAAC+KAAA3SgAAN4oAABKKQAAkykAAKgpAACpKQAAQioAAP0AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABEQAAAQEAAAEAAAAdYyoAAGQqAABlKgAAeSoAAHoq AAB8KgAAhioAAIcqAABcKwAAXSsAAJIrAACTKwAAlysAAJgrAACZKwAAtysA ADMyAAA3MgAA9Ovl6+HUwtTCt8LUsrCssrAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGNQiBNgiBAAM2CIEJQioBcGgAAAAAFDBKDwBDShYAT0oA AFFKAABeSgAAACIDagAAAABCKgFDShYAT0oAAFFKAABVCAFeSgAAcGgAAAAA ABlCKgFDShYAT0oAAFFKAABeSgAAcGgAAAAABzYIgUNKFgALMEoPADYIgUNK FgAQA2oAAAAANgiBQ0oWAFUIAQAWAgiBA2pYAgAABggBNgiBQ0oWAFUIARFC KgAAeyoAAHwqAACXKwAAmCsAAJkrAACaKwAAmysAAJwrAACdKwAAnisAALYr AAC3KwAA7isAAO8rAAAILAAACSwAAK8tAACwLQAAMi4AAIQuAACFLgAA9C4A APUuAAAcLwAAZC8AAPMvAAD0LwAAPTAAADMyAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAESAAABEQAAHTMyAAA0MgAANTIAADYyAAA3MgAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERAAAELwASMAAmUAkAMZD+ AB+whS4gsMJBIbCgBSKwoAUjkKAFJJCyBiWwAAAXsKAFGLCgBTYACTAAEjAA JlAJADGQ/gAfsIUuILDCQSGwoAUisKAFI5CgBSSQsgYlsAAAF7CgBRiwoAUL UAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAC7AAAARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQyep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kL AgAAABcAAAAOAAAAdwA0AHIAaQBAAGEAcgByAGwALgBvAHIAZwAAAODJ6nn5 us4RjIIAqgBLqQsqAAAAbQBhAGkAbAB0AG8AOgB3ADQAcgBpAEAAYQByAHIA bAAuAG8AcgBnAAAA9AAAAEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0Mnqefm6zhGM ggCqAEupCwIAAAABAAAAAwMAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARgIAZQAAAExvY2FsIFNl dHRpbmdzXFRlbXBvcmFyeSBJbnRlcm5ldCBGaWxlc1xMb2NhbCBTZXR0aW5n c1xUZW1wb3JhcnkgSW50ZXJuZXQgRmlsZXNcT0xLMTVcazhvY2xAYXJybC5u ZXQA//+t3gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKkAAABEAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAANDJ6nn5us4RjIIAqgBLqQsCAAAAAwAAAODJ6nn5us4RjIIA qgBLqQs4AAAAaAB0AHQAcAA6AC8ALwB3AHcAdwAuAGgAdQBuAGcAcgB5AG0A aQBuAGQAcwAuAGMAbwBtAC8AAACbAAAARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQ yep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kLAgAAAAMAAADgyep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kLKgAAAGgA dAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBhAHIAcgBsAC4AbwByAGcALwAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAFAATAAoAAQBpAA8AAwAAAAAAAAAAADgAAEDx/wIAOAAMAAYATgBv AHIAbQBhAGwAAAACAAAAGABDShgAX0gBBGFKGABtSAkIc0gJCHRICQQ4AAFA AQACADgADAAJAEgAZQBhAGQAaQBuAGcAIAAxAAAACAABAAYkAUAmAAsANQiB T0oDAFFKAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwAQUDy/6EAPAAMABYARABlAGYA YQB1AGwAdAAgAFAAYQByAGEAZwByAGEAcABoACAARgBvAG4AdAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAuAFVAogDxAC4ADAAJAEgAeQBwAGUAcgBsAGkAbgBrAAAADAA+KgFC KgJwaAAA/wA+AFZAogABAT4ADAARAEYAbwBsAGwAbwB3AGUAZABIAHkAcABl AHIAbABpAG4AawAAAAwAPioBQioMcGiAAIAAMgBCQAEAEgEyAAwACQBCAG8A ZAB5ACAAVABlAHgAdAAAAAIAEQALADYIgU9KAwBRSgMAAIwAZUABACIBjAAM ABEASABUAE0ATAAgAFAAcgBlAGYAbwByAG0AYQB0AHQAZQBkAAAANwASAA3G MgAQlAMoB7wKUA7kEXgVDBmgHDQgyCNcJ/AqhC4YMqw1QDkAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAACAAQ0oUAE9KBABQSgQAUUoEAF5KBABhShQAbUgJBHNICQQAAAAA VwEAADcuAAAFAABMAAAGAP////8FADFMAAAGAP////8AAAAAJQAAAD8AAABA AAAAVgAAAHMAAACPAAAAwwAAAMQAAADaAAAACAEAACQBAABTAQAAVAEAAFUB AABWAQAAVwEAAFkBAACbBQAAnAUAAD0IAAA+CAAATwgAAFAIAAAYCgAAGQoA AGILAABjCwAAcwsAAHQLAADwDAAA8QwAAP0MAAD+DAAAQA0AAEENAABJDQAA WQ0AAGINAABjDQAAZQ0AAGcNAABpDQAAaw0AAG0NAABvDQAAjQ0AABMOAAAU DgAAFg4AACAOAAAlDgAAKg4AAC8OAAA0DgAAOQ4AAK4OAACvDgAAsg4AALUO AAC/DgAA3Q4AAN4OAADhDgAA5g4AAPIOAADzDgAA9A4AAHAQAABxEAAAtBEA ALURAAC/EQAAwREAAEcSAABIEgAAXBIAAH8SAACTEgAAwhIAANsSAADyEgAA BhMAACkTAABdEwAAXhMAAEkWAABLFgAATxcAAFAXAABMGQAATRkAAF0aAABe GgAAbRoAAG4aAABPGwAAUBsAAP8bAAAAHAAAih0AAIsdAACtHQAArh0AAPIe AADzHgAAyx8AAMwfAAAMIAAADSAAACEgAAAiIAAAEiEAAAoiAAALIgAA+CIA APkiAAAdJAAAHiQAAC0kAAAuJAAAvSQAAL4kAADdJAAA3iQAAEolAACTJQAA qCUAAKklAABCJgAAeyYAAHwmAACXJwAAmCcAAJknAACaJwAAmycAAJwnAACd JwAAnicAALYnAAC3JwAA7icAAO8nAAAIKAAACSgAAK8pAACwKQAAMioAAIQq AACFKgAA9CoAAPUqAAAcKwAAZCsAAPMrAAD0KwAAPSwAADMuAAA0LgAANS4A ADYuAAA5LgAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAYAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA CAAAAAEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA AAQAAGMqAAA3MgAAGgAAACMAAAAABAAAYg8AAGMRAAAUEgAAtRIAAL8VAACK IQAAQioAADMyAAA3MgAAGwAAAB0AAAAeAAAAHwAAACAAAAAhAAAAIgAAACQA AAAlAAAAAAQAADcyAAAcAAAAjwAAALMAAADBAAAAJAEAAEIBAABRAQAASiUA AHUlAACRJQAAQiYAAGQmAAB5JgAAhiYAAFwnAACSJwAANy4AABNYFP8VgBNY dP8VgBNYdP8VhBNYFP8VjBNYVP8VjAAAAACPAAAAwgAAAMwAAADSAAAAJAEA AFMBAAD4AQAA/gEAAAgEAAANBAAAYAcAAGUHAACGBwAAiwcAALYIAAC5CAAA 9gkAAPkJAABGCgAASQoAAH4MAACBDAAAIA0AACYNAABJDQAATw0AAHsPAACB DwAAFRAAABwQAACGFwAAjBcAAKcdAACsHQAA/yMAAAQkAAASJQAAGSUAADYt AAA4LQAA8i0AAPQtAAA5LgAABwAEAAcAHAAHAAQABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAc AAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwA BwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAAAAAAjwAAAMIAAAAkAQAAUwEAAPoPAAAEEAAAnhMA AKMTAABCGQAAShkAAKklAAAuJgAAiigAALEoAAAyKgAANioAABorAAAbKwAA gy0AAJgtAAA5LgAABwAEAAcABAAHADMABwAzAAcAMwAHADMABwAzAAcAMwAH ADMABwAzAAcA//8UAAAADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQA bwBVAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBXAFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBv AG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMAcgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwA QQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQByAHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBF AEUARQAgADgAMAAyACAAKABmAGkAbgBhAGwAKQA1AC4AYQBzAGQADwBQAGEA dQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwBVAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBX AFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBvAG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMA cgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwAQQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQBy AHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyACAAKABmAGkA bgBhAGwAKQA1AC4AYQBzAGQADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBs AGQAbwAmAEMAOgBcAGUAdQBkAG8AcgBhAFwAYQB0AHQAYQBjAGgAXABJAEUA RQBFACAAOAAwADIAIAAoAGYAaQBuAGEAbAApADUALgBkAG8AYwAPAFAAYQB1 AGwAIABMAC4AIABSAGkAbgBhAGwAZABvACcAQwA6AFwATQB5ACAARABvAGMA dQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAXABJAEUARQBFACAAOAAwADIAYQBzAHMAdQBiAG0AaQB0 AHQAZQBkAC4AZABvAGMADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQA bwBXAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBXAFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBv AG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMAcgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwA QQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQByAHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBF AEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBtAGkAdAB0AGUAZAAuAGEAcwBkAA8A UABhAHUAbAAgAEwALgAgAFIAaQBuAGEAbABkAG8AJwBDADoAXABNAHkAIABE AG8AYwB1AG0AZQBuAHQAcwBcAEkARQBFAEUAIAA4ADAAMgBhAHMAcwB1AGIA bQBpAHQAdABlAGQALgBkAG8AYwAPAFAAYQB1AGwAIABMAC4AIABSAGkAbgBh AGwAZABvACcAQwA6AFwATQB5ACAARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAXABJAEUA RQBFACAAOAAwADIAYQBzAHMAdQBiAG0AaQB0AHQAZQBkAC4AZABvAGMADwBQ AGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwAnAEMAOgBcAE0AeQAgAEQA bwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABzAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBt AGkAdAB0AGUAZAAuAGQAbwBjAAsASgBvAGgAbgAgAEMAaABhAG0AcABhAGIA QwA6AFwARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAIABhAG4AZAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBu AGcAcwBcAGMAaABhAG0AcABhAGoAagBcAE0AeQAgAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4A dABzAFwAQQBSAFIATAAgAC0AIAAgAEgAUwBNAE0AIABXAG8AcgBrAGkAbgBn ACAARwByAG8AdQBwAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBtAGkA dAB0AGUAZAAuAGQAbwBjAAsASgBvAGgAbgAgAEMAaABhAG0AcABhAFsAQwA6 AFwARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAIABhAG4AZAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBuAGcA cwBcAGMAaABhAG0AcABhAGoAagBcAE0AeQAgAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABz AFwAQQBSAFIATAAgAC0AIAAgAEgAUwBNAE0AIABXAG8AcgBrAGkAbgBnACAA RwByAG8AdQBwAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAC0AUQBFAFgALgBkAG8AYwAA AAAAQQ0AAEkNAABZDQAAYg0AAGMNAABvDQAAjQ0AABMOAAAUDgAAIA4AADkO AACuDgAArw4AALUOAAC/DgAA3Q4AAN4OAADhDgAA5g4AAPIOAADzDgAAOS4A AAAAAAAIAAAAAgEAAAIBAAACAQAAngEAAAIBAAACAQAAAgEAAJ4BAAACAQAA AgEAAAIBAACeAQAAAgEAAAIBAAACAQAAngEAAAIBAAACAQAAAgEAAJYBAAD/ QAGAAQBTAQAAUwEAAIjAdAABAAEAUwEAAAAAAABTAQAAAAAAAAIQAAAAAAAA ADcuAABQAAAIAEAAAP//AQAAAAcAVQBuAGsAbgBvAHcAbgD//wEACAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA//8BAAAAAAD//wAAAgD//wAAAAD//wAAAgD//wAAAAAFAAAARxaQ AQAAAgIGAwUEBQIDBId6ACAAAACACAAAAAAAAAD/AQAAAAAAAFQAaQBtAGUA cwAgAE4AZQB3ACAAUgBvAG0AYQBuAAAANRaQAQIABQUBAgEHBgIFBwAAAAAA AAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAFMAeQBtAGIAbwBsAAAAMyaQAQAAAgsGBAIC AgICBId6ACAAAACACAAAAAAAAAD/AQAAAAAAAEEAcgBpAGEAbAAAAEUWkAEA AAICBgMFBAUCAwSHegAgAAAAgAgAAAAAAAAA/wEAAAAAAABUAGkAbQBlAHMA IABOAGUAdwAgACgAVwAxACkAAABJJpABgAACCwYEAgICAgIE/////////+k/ AAAAAAAAAP8APwAAAAAAQQByAGkAYQBsACAAVQBuAGkAYwBvAGQAZQAgAE0A UwAAACIABAAxCIgAAPDQAuQEaAEAAAAAsbNohrGzaIb6gWimAgABAAAArwYA ABsmAAABABMAAAAEAAMQUQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAhAwDw EAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACg BaAFuwB/AIKAEjAAABAAGQBkAAAAGQAAAMsuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAyg1EA8BAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD//xIAAAAAAAAAIABPAG4AIABBAG0AYQB0AGUAdQByACAAUgBh AGQAaQBvACAAVQBzAGUAIABvAGYAIABJAEUARQBFACAAOAAwADIAAAAAAAAA DwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwALAEoAbwBoAG4AIABD AGgAYQBtAHAAYQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/v8AAAUAAgAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAOCFn/L5T2gQq5EIACsns9kwAAAAqAEAABIA AAABAAAAmAAAAAIAAACgAAAAAwAAAMwAAAAEAAAA2AAAAAUAAADwAAAABgAA APwAAAAHAAAACAEAAAgAAAAcAQAACQAAADABAAASAAAAPAEAAAoAAABYAQAA CwAAAGQBAAAMAAAAcAEAAA0AAAB8AQAADgAAAIgBAAAPAAAAkAEAABAAAACY AQAAEwAAAKABAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAhAAAAT24gQW1hdGV1ciBSYWRpbyBV c2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIAcm9zHgAAAAEAAAAAbiBBHgAAABAAAABQYXVsIEwu IFJpbmFsZG8AHgAAAAEAAAAAYXVsHgAAAAEAAAAAYXVsHgAAAAsAAABOb3Jt YWwuZG90AGEeAAAADAAAAEpvaG4gQ2hhbXBhAB4AAAACAAAAMgBobh4AAAAT AAAATWljcm9zb2Z0IFdvcmQgOS4wAGVAAAAAAEbDIwAAAABAAAAAABTYKhxF wgFAAAAAAPbTkwxKwgFAAAAAAPbTkwxKwgEDAAAAAQAAAAMAAACvBgAAAwAA ABsmAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP7/AAAFAAIA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAC1c3VnC4bEJOXCAArLPmuRAAAAAXVzdWc LhsQk5cIACss+a5QAQAADAEAAAwAAAABAAAAaAAAAA8AAABwAAAABQAAAIAA AAAGAAAAiAAAABEAAACQAAAAFwAAAJgAAAALAAAAoAAAABAAAACoAAAAEwAA ALAAAAAWAAAAuAAAAA0AAADAAAAADAAAAO0AAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAFAAAA QVJSTAAAdwADAAAAUQAAAAMAAAATAAAAAwAAAMsuAAADAAAAMhEJAAsAAAAA AAAACwAAAAAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAsAAAAAAAAAHhAAAAEAAAAhAAAAT24gQW1h dGV1ciBSYWRpbyBVc2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIADBAAAAIAAAAeAAAABgAAAFRp dGxlAAMAAAABAAAAACwEAAADAAAAAAAAACAAAAABAAAAOAAAAAIAAABAAAAA AQAAAAIAAAAMAAAAX1BJRF9ITElOS1MAAgAAAOQEAABBAAAA5AMAAB4AAAAD AAAAGgASAAMAAAAMAAAAAwAAAAAAAAADAAAABQAAAB8AAAC5AAAAaAB0AHQA cAA6AC8ALwAyADAAOQAuADEAOAA1AC4AMgA0ADAALgAyADUAMAAvAGMAZwBp AC0AYgBpAG4ALwBsAGkAbgBrAHIAZAA/AF8AbABhAG4AZwA9AEUATgAmAGwA YQBoAD0AMgBjADUAZQBkADkAZAAwADEAMQA3AGQAYwA3ADYAYgA0ADIAZQBm ADQAZgA0ADgAZgA2ADEANgA0AGIAYgBkACYAbABhAHQAPQAxADAAMgA5ADMA OAA0ADkAOAA4ACYAaABtAF8AXwBfAGEAYwB0AGkAbwBuAD0AaAB0AHQAcAAl ADMAYQAlADIAZgAlADIAZgB3AHcAdwAlADIAZQBxAHMAbAAlADIAZQBuAGUA dAAlADIAZgBrAGIAOQBtAHcAcgAlADIAZgBwAHIAbwBqAGUAYwB0AHMAJQAy AGYAdwBpAHIAZQBsAGUAcwBzACUAMgBmAHAAbABhAG4AJQAyAGUAaAB0AG0A bAAAAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAAAEYASwADAAAACQAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAA AAUAAAAfAAAAFQAAAGgAdAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBhAHIAcgBsAC4A bwByAGcALwAAAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAAAHcAIQADAAAABgAAAAMAAAAA AAAAAwAAAAUAAAAfAAAAHAAAAGgAdAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBoAHUA bgBnAHIAeQBtAGkAbgBkAHMALgBjAG8AbQAvAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAA AF0AQgADAAAAAwAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAUAAAAfAAAAawAAAC4ALgBcAC4A LgBcAEwAbwBjAGEAbAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBuAGcAcwBcAFQAZQBtAHAAbwBy AGEAcgB5ACAASQBuAHQAZQByAG4AZQB0ACAARgBpAGwAZQBzAFwATABvAGMA YQBsACAAUwBlAHQAdABpAG4AZwBzAFwAVABlAG0AcABvAHIAYQByAHkAIABJ AG4AdABlAHIAbgBlAHQAIABGAGkAbABlAHMAXABPAEwASwAxADUAXABrADgA bwBjAGwAQABhAHIAcgBsAC4AbgBlAHQAAAAAAB8AAAABAAAAAAAAAAMAAABY ADEAAwAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAFAAAAHwAAABUAAABtAGEAaQBsAHQA bwA6AHcANAByAGkAQABhAHIAcgBsAC4AbwByAGcAAAAAAB8AAAABAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAgAA AAMAAAAEAAAABQAAAAYAAAAHAAAACAAAAAkAAAAKAAAACwAAAAwAAAANAAAA DgAAAA8AAAAQAAAAEQAAABIAAAATAAAAFAAAABUAAAAWAAAAFwAAABgAAAAZ AAAAGgAAABsAAAAcAAAAHQAAAB4AAAAfAAAAIAAAACEAAAAiAAAAIwAAACQA AAAlAAAAJgAAAP7///8oAAAAKQAAACoAAAArAAAALAAAAC0AAAAuAAAA/v// /zAAAAAxAAAAMgAAADMAAAA0AAAANQAAADYAAAA3AAAAOAAAADkAAAA6AAAA OwAAADwAAAA9AAAA/v///z8AAABAAAAAQQAAAEIAAABDAAAARAAAAEUAAAD+ ////RwAAAEgAAABJAAAASgAAAEsAAABMAAAATQAAAP7////9////UAAAAP7/ ///+/////v////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////1IAbwBvAHQAIABFAG4AdAByAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWAAUB//////////8DAAAA BgkCAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPASaZwMSsIBUgAAAIAAAAAA AAAARABhAHQAYQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAoAAgH///////////////8AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnAAAAABAAAAAAAAAxAFQA YQBiAGwAZQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADgACAAEAAAD//////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC8AAAD7HQAAAAAAAFcAbwByAGQARABv AGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAaAAIBBgAAAAUAAAD/////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGlMAAAAAAAABQBTAHUAbQBtAGEAcgB5AEkA bgBmAG8AcgBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ACgAAgH///////////////8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAABAAAAAAAAAFAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABTAHUAbQBt AGEAcgB5AEkAbgBmAG8AcgBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOAACAQQA AAD//////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AEYAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAEAQwBvAG0AcABPAGIAagAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASAAIBAgAAAAcAAAD/ ////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGoA AAAAAAAATwBiAGoAZQBjAHQAUABvAG8AbAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABYAAQD///////////////8AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPASaZwMSsIB8BJpnAxKwgEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB AAAA/v////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////wEA/v8DCgAA/////wYJAgAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAEYY AAAATWljcm9zb2Z0IFdvcmQgRG9jdW1lbnQACgAAAE1TV29yZERvYwAQAAAA V29yZC5Eb2N1bWVudC44APQ5snEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ------=_NextPart_000_665c_1ea0_7b20-- --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 7 21:37:54 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA04116 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 21:37:48 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: wchast@utilpart.com To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 22:36:56 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <0D7B0EF78F72D311B95F0008C7F3D0A001A0A823@dallas.utilpart.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Yes, I have a pair of them and the art. that tells how to do it, but right now I just want to slap something up and go. I do not want to build too much right now as I have plenty of projects that I need to get done without taking on another build. I have thougth about getting my hands on a couple of laser fibre xceivers and trying a air optical link.... > -----Original Message----- > From: Jim Sanford [mailto:wb4gcs@amsat.org] > Sent: Monday, October 07, 2002 04:08 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: What path to take... > > > And the RF has been done using 10GHz gunnplexers! > > You said it very well... > > 73, > jim > wb4gcs@amsat.org > > > Anthony N Martin wrote: > > > > I just pulled 20 metres of cat5 into an existing conduit > > buried in my garden. > > > > In theory the conduit is sealed (it's the PVC stuff we > > use for waste water pipes). It's been buried for over > > 6 years. Condensation means it will fill up with water, > > if there's no way for it to get out, unless you purge it > > with dry air... > > > > Indeed it had water in it, as the cables pulled through > > came out wet. The conduit is mainly there as protection > > against digging. And to make it easier to replace > > the wire or put more wire in. It doesn't work as water > > protection. > > > > Never attempt to join cables in a buried conduit and > > you'll be a much happier person; join them and it'll fail > > in 6 months, no matter how you try to protect it. Buy > > a big enough reel. If a join is unavoidable bring it to an > > above-ground junction-box. Or an inspection chamber > > with drainage, like the telephone people do. > > > > My father twice buried mains cables in the garden. > > He used surplus cable and pieced it together. And > > it always failed in less than a year. I have 3 mains > > cables buried in my garden. I always use new > > unbroken reels. And they haven't failed in 6 or 7 > > years. Some moral there... > > > > Remember a Cat5 cabled solution is 100Mb/s vs a > > wireless solution... and you can expect to get longer > > distances from Cat5 if you derate to 10Mb/s. > > > > Ant > > > > Anyhow, we digress, back to the wireless stuff... > > > > Dunno how many hobbyists had noticed, but > > a pair of TP ethernet cards are an ideal start > > for a point-to-point RF link. Normally you can > > connect them with a length of CAT5 cable. That > > cable normally has 4 twisted-pairs. 2 aren't > > used (really!), one pair carries balanced Tx > > data and one pair carries balanced Rx data. > > It's that simple. > > > > Ethernet data is encoded for clock extraction > > and to allow for zero response at DC, polarity > > inversion and all those things you need for a > > wireless link, and the receiver does all necessary > > decode. And the cards are common and even > > cheap ones have PCI busmastering DMA and > > Windows and Linux and DOS drivers... Mine > > will even give bad packet statistics etc. > > > > Push that data over an FSK or PSK link and you > > have 10Mb/s data wireless. The digital and > > software side is done for you, you only have to > > think about the RF :-) > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: WB4GCS@AMSAT.ORG > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: wchast@utilpart.com > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 8 05:36:50 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id FAA18454 for ; Tue, 8 Oct 2002 05:36:48 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: Designing a DSSS Correlator To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2002 11:27:30 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 08/10/2002 11:30:19 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > I am new to the group and would like to get some > feedback from some of you pros that have already > "been there". I am thinking of building a > correlator using a large PLD. My approach is to > make a pair of 127 bit shift registers with XOR's > between them so that I have 127 outputs which I > will sum in resistors to obtain an analog correlation > function. To do this it means you must turn the output of your receiver into 1's and 0's before the correlator. The output of the receiver is analogue and this means you've quantised it badly. You'll lose the process gain if you quantise at this point. If you're aiming to have good processing gain, you shouldn't be able to detect bits before the correlator, they'll be down in the noise :-) You don't want to do the "bit-slicing" until after the correlator. To implement such a correlator digitally, you need a fast ADC providing samples into the correlator. One side of the correlator doesn't contain just 1's and -1's; it contains digital samples. You would need an FPGA rather than a PLD. The ADC doesn't need to have very many bits though. Simulate with something like Ptolemy (free software) if you want to know how many bits are necessary. In most cases, simply generating the PN-code stream from shift registers and mixing it analogue with the incoming signal is the way it's done. (Unless you're planning a full-blown DSP ASIC.) This method can only correlate one choice of PN-code timing in each bit-period and must slide sequentially through all possible timings in order to find lock. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 8 21:07:43 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA00289 for ; Tue, 8 Oct 2002 21:07:41 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: john@e6b.com Date: Tue, 08 Oct 2002 19:05:06 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: John Battle Subject: [ss] Correlator Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.1.20021008190124.00954310@e6b.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Anthony: Wow! I finally get it! This is what I have been struggling to understand for years and you finally made it clear to me. I have asked many people questions about this and you are the first person that said the answer insuch a way that it made it through my thick skull. Thanks --John Battle To do this it means you must turn the output of your receiver into 1's and 0's before the correlator. The output of the receiver is analogue and this means you've quantised it badly. You'll lose the process gain if you quantise at this point. If you're aiming to have good processing gain, you shouldn't be able to detect bits before the correlator, they'll be down in the noise :-) You don't want to do the "bit-slicing" until after the correlator. To implement such a correlator digitally, you need a fast ADC providing samples into the correlator. One side of the correlator doesn't contain just 1's and -1's; it contains digital samples. You would need an FPGA rather than a PLD. The ADC doesn't need to have very many bits though. Simulate with something like Ptolemy (free software) if you want to know how many bits are necessary. In most cases, simply generating the PN-code stream from shift registers and mixing it analogue with the incoming signal is the way it's done. (Unless you're planning a full-blown DSP ASIC.) This method can only correlate one choice of PN-code timing in each bit-period and must slide sequentially through all possible timings in order to find lock. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 13 15:40:17 2002 Received: from mx1.mail.twtelecom.net (mx1.mail.twtelecom.net [207.67.10.250]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with ESMTP id PAA17755 for ; Sun, 13 Oct 2002 15:40:00 -0500 (CDT) Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by mx1.mail.twtelecom.net (Postfix) with SMTP id 702646ECD5 for ; Sun, 13 Oct 2002 15:19:31 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: capnkirk@comcast.net, cuddeback@qwest.net, ekarlk@yahoo.com, gerald.sundin@unisys.com, Joseph.Kasser@unisa.edu.au, k8sia@arrl.net, kb8qje@yahoo.com, kc8hez@ismi.net, kc8lqa@msn.com, kc8mqk@core.com, ke8z@arrl.net, ken@cac.net, kg2ll@arrl.org, kilo.mike@gte.net, kpearce1@ix.netcom.com, Mhattarpolice@yahoo.com, mondeau@ameritech.net, Morsesat@aol.com, n4kcd@ix.netcom.com, n8wwx_bruce@hotmail.com, paulomazzei@smar.com.br, prinaldo@arrl.org, rbeard@browcom.net, rgburggraf@juno.com, rjackson@cablespeed.com, Rjdmegargle@aol.com, RLC_McLaughlin@hotmail.com, ss@lists.tapr.org, stephen.kurtz@unisys.com, tony@axom.com, vanburen@chartermi.net, w8ti@provide.net Subject: [ss] First HSMM Experimenters Team Local Meeting Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 16:18:44 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 13 Oct 2002 20:18:45.0747 (UTC) FILETIME=[BB76BC30:01C272F5] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Neil, et. al. This Wednesday at 7PM works out OK for Larry and me. We can decide from there how often we want to repeat the gathering. Once a week is a bit much for the two of us, but certainly once a month is fine, and maybe even every other week, if the rest of the team agrees to it. May I make another proposal? How about we monitor 446.00 MHz FM (National Simplex Calling Frequency), too. At least until Dave, KE8Z, is feeling better and is in better shape to get his 443.050 repeater up and running. This is important! Larry may have the very first HSMM mobile rig up and operational very soon, and he will be learning lots of stuff everyday he operates. We don't want to miss out on that. Larry can operate 2M and 440 from his van (please resist the temptation to call it our "war-wagon"..that's the Part 15 jargon, OK?...HI...we are higher-class Part 97 licensed types...OK? HI), but NOT both bands at once. It's not that I'm concerned with the "repeater police" on the LARK machine, because I am not. It's just that we may need lots of air time on a minute's notice and I'd rather we not bust up a nice, family QSO to get it. OK? Most of us monitor the LARK machine all the time anyway, so a quick call to say "Hey, Neil please QSY to 446, OK", etc. would be sufficient to get us out of the way of normal traffic. What do you think? I am monitoring 446 MHz all the time now, already. Please feel free to forward this e-mail to others who may be SERIOUSLY interested in HSMM developments. I can't put everybody officially on the ARRL HSMM WG Reflector, but they are certainly welcomed to join us in the local fun. Vy 73, John - K8OCL HSMM WG Chairman From: Neil Sablatzky To: k8ocl@arrl.net CC: ekarlk@yahoo.com, kb8qje@yahoo.com, ke8z@arrl.net, rbeard@browcom.net, kc8lqa@msn.com, kpearce1@ix.netcom.com, mondeau@ameritech.net, n4kcd@ix.netcom.com, rjackson@cablespeed.com Subject: Re: HSMM experimenters Weekly Net? Date: Sat, 12 Oct 2002 23:49:36 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: from xlate2.mailsvcs.arrl.net ([209.224.159.62]) by mc2-f9.law16.hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.5600); Sat, 12 Oct 2002m 20:51:37 -0700 Received: from mail.cac.net ([209.44.14.13])by xlate2.mailsvcs.arrl.net (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g9D3pYIY024812;Sat, 12 Oct 2002 22:51:34 -0500 Received: from cac.net ([12.111.229.156])by mail.cac.net (8.12.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id g9D3pRNM068703;Sat, 12 Oct 2002 23:51:27 -0400 (EDT)(envelope-from k8it@cac.net) Message-ID: <3DA8ED50.B41E9902@cac.net> X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [en] (Win98; U) X-Accept-Language: en References: Return-Path: k8it@cac.net X-OriginalArrivalTime: 13 Oct 2002 03:51:37.0838 (UTC) FILETIME=[D4E108E0:01C2726B] Wednesday's would work...... I always liked the Big Boy (great desserts & coffee) John Champa wrote: > Thursday's are tough with LARK and LARK BoD meetings, for Randy and Ernst > and me. How about Wednesday? Monday doesn't work for Randy. > > Looks like the 443.050 is our best bet. Over coffee would be better. How > about Wednesday? Where's a peaceful place for coffee? > > John > > I am not available on Tuesday's. (Scout night) I would suggest maybe Monday > evening or maybe Thursday's....... As far as the high speed connection and > testing I will be glad to help once I get caught up a bit.....Call me, I > might > find a few minutes on Monday evening..... > For a meeting, How about in person over coffee? > > 73, Neil K8IT > > John Champa wrote: > > > Hello guys, > > > > The ARRL Reflector is great, and this e-mail helps too, but there is > nothing > > like a good chat. Larry's recent visit to my QTH to pick up his new PC > > wireless card proved that point. We made fast progress! > > > > Would it be feasible for us to get together once a week for 20-30 minutes > to > > iron things out and keep each other current? Let's say 7PM every Tuesday > > evening? Does anybody have a problem with that time? > > > > How would you like to do it? > > Audioconference bridge? Using a 800 or local dial-in number. > > Two Meter repeater? The LARK .68 is the only one I use. > > Two Meter Simplex? We are all probably within range. > > KE8Z has a 440 repeater going up that we could use. > > > > Another question! > > > > Does anyone have a 100 kbps Internet connection? I would like to > practice > > some NetMeeting for text exchange and file transfers. Later we could try > > streaming audio and streaming video. > > > > John > > 7340657-1000 > > > > _________________________________________________________________ > > Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com > > _________________________________________________________________ > Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com _________________________________________________________________ Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 08:47:18 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA04237 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 08:47:15 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: capnkirk@comcast.net, cuddeback@qwest.net, ekarlk@yahoo.com, Joseph.Kasser@unisa.edu.au, kc8lqa@msn.com, ke8z@arrl.net, kpearce1@ix.netcom.com, microwaves@amrad.org, mondeau@ameritech.net, n4kcd@ix.netcom.com, rbeard@browcom.net, rgburggraf@juno.com, rjackson@cablespeed.com, ss@lists.tapr.org, tony@axom.com Subject: [ss] Re: longshot Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 09:46:32 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 15 Oct 2002 13:46:32.0868 (UTC) FILETIME=[4599DE40:01C27451] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Larry, We should watch these folks to see what we can learn from their experince. Thanks! Also, your pigtail and my D-Link AP have both arrived so we can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! Kris, are you taking notes? (HI) 73, John John check out this page http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/wireless/2001/05/03/longshot.html I have a laser we could try Larry kb8qje __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com _________________________________________________________________ Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 09:43:06 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA06162 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 09:43:05 -0500 (CDT) Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 09:42:14 -0500 Message-Id: X-Sender: kb9mwr@yahoo.com (Unverified) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Steve Lampereur Subject: [ss] 2.4 GHz amp kits (fwd) List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210151442.g9FEgEM26659@faulkner.netnet.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >Date: Tue Oct 15, 2002 4:05 am >Subject: Re: [lcwn] Re: YDI 2440 >Here's something also interesting: > >Bi-directional 2.4 GHz amplifier kits from RF Linx: >http://www.rflinx.com/2.4GHz%20Bi-Directional%20PCB.htm > >They're *really* cheap. They look to be based around some WJ ICs. 2 watts available for under $500 if I remember correctly --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 11:57:38 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA12087 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:57:38 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: longshot Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:56:42 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210151656.g9FGug923960@mail2.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk John, et al. I have run a licensed link out 26 miles and we found that packets were dying at that distance. We had to make adjustments for a "slow link" which helped but of course lowered the thruput. It WILL indeed be interesting to see what thruput they get on the 21 mile hop. I am hoping that 802.11 will be better than the protocol that our commercial licensed equipment used. Walt > Larry, > > We should watch these folks to see what we can learn from their experince. > Thanks! > > Also, your pigtail and my D-Link AP have both arrived so we can start > low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > Kris, are you taking notes? (HI) > > 73, John > > > John > check out this page > > http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/wireless/2001/05/03/longshot.html > > I have a laser we could try > > > Larry kb8qje > > > > > __________________________________________________ > Do you Yahoo!? > Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More > http://faith.yahoo.com > > > > > _________________________________________________________________ > Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 13:25:47 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA16215 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 13:25:45 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: "Pinfold" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: 2.4 GHz amp kits (fwd) Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:23:01 +1300 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <004401c27477$e5feb380$2901a8c0@co.nz> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk How many folk are really intrested in getting some cheap bidirectional amps ?? I have a source in Tiawan that does them up to I think 2 watts out! if I had numbers i could try to pry some out of them ,they wanted me to go through some local agent but stuffed if I want to line his pocket! any takers? Im sure theyd be cheaper than elsewhere but I guess wed need to see some tech specs first !! cheers mike ZL1BTB ----- Original Message ----- From: "Steve Lampereur" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Sent: Wednesday, October 16, 2002 3:42 AM Subject: [ss] 2.4 GHz amp kits (fwd) > >Date: Tue Oct 15, 2002 4:05 am > >Subject: Re: [lcwn] Re: YDI 2440 > > >Here's something also interesting: > > > >Bi-directional 2.4 GHz amplifier kits from RF Linx: > >http://www.rflinx.com/2.4GHz%20Bi-Directional%20PCB.htm > > > >They're *really* cheap. They look to be based around some WJ ICs. > > 2 watts available for under $500 if I remember correctly > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: PINFOLD@XTRA.CO.NZ > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 14:16:15 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA18047 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 14:16:14 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: wa7nwp@pop.mail.yahoo.com Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 12:15:13 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Bill Vodall - WA7NWP Subject: [ss] Re: longshot In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.2.0.58.20021015121147.00a73940@pioneernet.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS somewhat of an oxymoron... Bill, WA7NWP PS. Amusing: http://www.oxymorons.com/oxymorons.html --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 15:06:00 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA22109 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 15:05:58 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 16:04:51 -0400 From: Jim Sanford X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: 2.4 GHz amp kits (fwd) References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DAC74E3.2BB292B6@amsat.org> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I'd be interested in 1 or 2 at 2 watts, depending on the price. 73, Jim wb4gcs@amsat.org Pinfold wrote: > > How many folk are really intrested in getting some cheap bidirectional amps > ?? I have a source in Tiawan that does them up to I think 2 watts out! if I > had numbers i could try to pry some out of them ,they wanted me to go > through some local agent but stuffed if I want to line his pocket! any > takers? Im sure theyd be cheaper than elsewhere but I guess wed need to see > some tech specs first !! cheers mike ZL1BTB > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Steve Lampereur" > To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" > Sent: Wednesday, October 16, 2002 3:42 AM > Subject: [ss] 2.4 GHz amp kits (fwd) > > > >Date: Tue Oct 15, 2002 4:05 am > > >Subject: Re: [lcwn] Re: YDI 2440 > > > > >Here's something also interesting: > > > > > >Bi-directional 2.4 GHz amplifier kits from RF Linx: > > >http://www.rflinx.com/2.4GHz%20Bi-Directional%20PCB.htm > > > > > >They're *really* cheap. They look to be based around some WJ ICs. > > > > 2 watts available for under $500 if I remember correctly > > > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: PINFOLD@XTRA.CO.NZ > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: WB4GCS@AMSAT.ORG > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 15 21:33:24 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA13675 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 21:33:22 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 21:32:35 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: longshot References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DACCFC3.DAC05CAA@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Bill Vodall - WA7NWP wrote: > > >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS > somewhat of an oxymoron... > > Bill, WA7NWP > ARRL 802.11 is a subset that members of the ARRL High Speed MultiMedia working group are working on. It optimizes the 802.11b standard for amateur radio, Part 97, use on 2.4 GHz. It might do such things as redefine the channels, center frequency and spread, power control, add callsign identification in the SSID, etc. The ARRL 802.11 standard is still under development. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 16 06:23:28 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA06467 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 06:23:27 -0500 (CDT) Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:22:44 -0400 From: Robert McGwier Subject: [ss] Re: longshot To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I think the confusion on Bill's part (and mine frankly) is why is it the ARRL 802.11b and not the Walt 802.11b or TAPR 802.11b or the A802.11b (as in AX.25)? What is ARRL contributing to your efforts that makes you want to call it that? Are they funding you, giving you lab space, equipment, people? Frankly, I prefer A80211.B and if you want that to mean ARRL, so be it. Bob N4HY -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Walt DuBose Sent: Tuesday, October 15, 2002 10:33 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: longshot Bill Vodall - WA7NWP wrote: > > >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS > somewhat of an oxymoron... > > Bill, WA7NWP > ARRL 802.11 is a subset that members of the ARRL High Speed MultiMedia working group are working on. It optimizes the 802.11b standard for amateur radio, Part 97, use on 2.4 GHz. It might do such things as redefine the channels, center frequency and spread, power control, add callsign identification in the SSID, etc. The ARRL 802.11 standard is still under development. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 16 06:52:20 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA08016 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 06:52:19 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:50:50 -0400 From: "Eric S. Johansson" User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DAD529A.9080406@harvee.billerica.ma.us> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I recently found out about and easily accessible mesh network implementation that might be applicable to amateur radio use. http://www.locustworld.com/ its currently closed source but they are talking about making it more open. I think a mesh network architecture is an essential component for future radio networking be it amateur, public, or commercial. In the amateur world, meshes will help us get around the "king of the hill" problem that so dominated packet radio (at least here in New England). With enough nodes, the mesh can interpret hubris as damage and route around it. I will be experimenting with it but with only two nodes it will be difficult to create much of a mesh. :-) I will report on success/failure as I muck about. from my experimentation and listening on various wireless network experimenters lists, there is a need for a basic bit of CPU and memory with ethernet and 802.11b sticking out the ends. In theory, an access point with flash memory should suffice but we would need a bit more documentation and "heads up" on changes from a manufacturer before one could standardize on such a box for modifications. It seems to me that one of the benefits of TAPR could be negotiation with some manufacturer of access points etc. for a standard box plus information that we could purchase either through TAPR or off-the-shelf. Once we have a standard platform, then we can have a stable base for experimentation. Since we are leveraging already designed and built equipment, they should be none of the delays or challenges of the previous spread spectrum project. Granted, we would still be susceptible to component obsolescence but I'm being blindly optimistic and hoping it wouldn't be as bad. another benefit of the standardization would be attention from the part 15 wireless network community. Since their needs are mostly in alignment with ours, we could gain additional volume benefits both in terms of visibility, membership, and experimentation. ---eric ka1eec --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 16 07:40:46 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA09835 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:40:38 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:39:35 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: longshot References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DAD5E07.335B35A7@texas.net> Precedence: bulk I guess for the same reason that Dr. Fox called the Padre Island horny toad he discovered the Fox Toad. Then name doesn't matter. Call it Ham 802.11b...who really cares? I suppose it is who is working on it can call it what they want just like naming the horny toad Robert McGwier wrote: > > I think the confusion on Bill's part (and mine frankly) is why > is it the ARRL 802.11b and not the Walt 802.11b or TAPR 802.11b > or the A802.11b (as in AX.25)? What is ARRL contributing to your > efforts that makes you want to call it that? Are they funding you, > giving you lab space, equipment, people? Frankly, I prefer > A80211.B and if you want that to mean ARRL, so be it. > > Bob > N4HY > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Walt DuBose > Sent: Tuesday, October 15, 2002 10:33 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: longshot > > Bill Vodall - WA7NWP wrote: > > > > >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > > > I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS > > somewhat of an oxymoron... > > > > Bill, WA7NWP > > > > ARRL 802.11 is a subset that members of the ARRL High Speed > MultiMedia working group are working on. It optimizes the > 802.11b standard for amateur radio, Part 97, use on 2.4 GHz. It > might do such things as redefine the channels, center frequency > and spread, power control, add callsign identification in the > SSID, etc. The ARRL 802.11 standard is still under development. > > Walt/K5YFW > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 16 13:35:49 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA28299 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 13:35:47 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:34:13 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 16/10/2002 19:34:27 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > from my experimentation and listening on various wireless network > experimenters lists, there is a need for a basic bit of CPU and memory > with ethernet and 802.11b sticking out the ends. In theory, an access > point with flash memory should suffice but we would need a bit more > documentation and "heads up" on changes from a manufacturer before one > could standardize on such a box for modifications. OpenAP - http://opensource.instant802.com/ They found a hardware platform that is sufficiently standard and common. It's a board with AMD x86 CPU, RAM, Flash, PCMCIA WLAN card, and Realtek ethernet controller. Sold in several disguises as a WLAN AP. And it supports an existing software develoment platform, device drivers, protocol stacks etc (linux) Don't know how long it'll be about though, now that AP functionality has been put in the WLAN baseband chipsets. But the concept of meshes with omni antennas assumes a sufficient density of amateurs of one every 100 metre square in urban areas. (assuming WLAN 802.11 type devices) I don't think this can be met at present. A mesh with say 4 small yagis and APs for each (ie. 4 point-to-point links) could be built at one amateur per 2km, much more realistic. This requires mesh packet routing but on-air involves no special mesh protocols. To do dynamic mesh packet routing between APs the use (maybe slight abuse) of the RIP protocol and the "routed" or "gated" daemon might do the trick. RIP networks are said to be limited to 15 hops, but I suspect it's limited by bandwidth consumed by RIP info, how much memory you have to store routing tables, and how much CPU you spend searching them for each packet. http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/90.htm http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/cgi-bin/man-cgi?gated http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/cgi-bin/man-cgi?routed There is, of course, no need to be an amateur to join a WLAN-based mesh network, so getting the required numbers of people involved from a community may be less of a problem if you retain unlicenced status. If amateurs are suggesting an "amateur" ammendment to the 802.11 protocol to support licence compliance it would seem desirable that it have a feature set that made it internationally acceptable, rather than just "FCC" or "ARRL band plan" acceptable. This is from the POV that a standard is best if there's only one of them, and people do like dxpeditions. The amateur radio market is small enough as it is, without different standards for each nation. I was chatting with someone yesterday who said 23cm transceivers were cheap in Japan but there was a problem importing them as they use 20kHz channels... and we don't. By not talking to each other over standards, we do tend to shoot ourselves in the foot. There would be a lot more cheaper gear if we did. Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 01:28:36 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id BAA03770 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 01:27:53 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net, ekarlk@yahoo.com, k8it@cac.net, kb8qje@yahoo.com, ke8z@arrl.net, kpearce1@ix.netcom.com, prinaldo@arrl.org, rbeard@browcom.net, rjackson@cablespeed.com, tony@axom.com Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:25:48 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_7550_1e3a_5f24" Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 17 Oct 2002 06:25:50.0844 (UTC) FILETIME=[09C0B3C0:01C275A6] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_7550_1e3a_5f24 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Bob, Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, but here are some additional details.... YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, and the ARRL Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth full! (HI) Guess we could have called it the QRP .... (HI), because we have been using mostly 100 mW and less gear during most of our early mesh network testing, and currently our most powerful bi-directional amplifier on the experimental network has an average RF output of only 500 mW. However, we'd better stick with the ARRL 802.11b title, as we have a "mighty" 2 watt bi-directional amplifier which one of the members of the HSMM Experimenters Team was going to discuss at tonight's meeting, but he was called oof to work...can you believe that! (HI). Hopefully it will be developed in time to be included in a series of spread spectrum articles for QST we are planning for the near future. Also, we plan to devote an entire chapter in the new "ARRL High Speed Multimedia Digital Spread Spectrum Handbook" (or something like that) being drafted in conjunction with Weber State, to the new ARRL 802.11b spread spectrum standard. The attached DCC paper provides some early background thoughts. This probably all reads rather weird to the old time SS folks, but times do change, don't they! Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL 802.11. 73, John - K8OCL Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group From: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group digest" Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" To: "ss digest recipients" Subject: ss digest: October 16, 2002 Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 00:00:43 -0500 TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Digest for Wednesday, October 16, 2002. 1. Re: longshot 2. mesh networks 3. Re: longshot 4. Re: mesh networks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: longshot From: Robert McGwier Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:22:44 -0400 X-Message-Number: 1 I think the confusion on Bill's part (and mine frankly) is why is it the ARRL 802.11b and not the Walt 802.11b or TAPR 802.11b or the A802.11b (as in AX.25)? What is ARRL contributing to your efforts that makes you want to call it that? Are they funding you, giving you lab space, equipment, people? Frankly, I prefer A80211.B and if you want that to mean ARRL, so be it. Bob N4HY -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Walt DuBose Sent: Tuesday, October 15, 2002 10:33 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: longshot Bill Vodall - WA7NWP wrote: > > >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS > somewhat of an oxymoron... > > Bill, WA7NWP > ARRL 802.11 is a subset that members of the ARRL High Speed MultiMedia working group are working on. It optimizes the 802.11b standard for amateur radio, Part 97, use on 2.4 GHz. It might do such things as redefine the channels, center frequency and spread, power control, add callsign identification in the SSID, etc. The ARRL 802.11 standard is still under development. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: mesh networks From: "Eric S. Johansson" Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:50:50 -0400 X-Message-Number: 2 I recently found out about and easily accessible mesh network implementation that might be applicable to amateur radio use. http://www.locustworld.com/ its currently closed source but they are talking about making it more open. I think a mesh network architecture is an essential component for future radio networking be it amateur, public, or commercial. In the amateur world, meshes will help us get around the "king of the hill" problem that so dominated packet radio (at least here in New England). With enough nodes, the mesh can interpret hubris as damage and route around it. I will be experimenting with it but with only two nodes it will be difficult to create much of a mesh. :-) I will report on success/failure as I muck about. from my experimentation and listening on various wireless network experimenters lists, there is a need for a basic bit of CPU and memory with ethernet and 802.11b sticking out the ends. In theory, an access point with flash memory should suffice but we would need a bit more documentation and "heads up" on changes from a manufacturer before one could standardize on such a box for modifications. It seems to me that one of the benefits of TAPR could be negotiation with some manufacturer of access points etc. for a standard box plus information that we could purchase either through TAPR or off-the-shelf. Once we have a standard platform, then we can have a stable base for experimentation. Since we are leveraging already designed and built equipment, they should be none of the delays or challenges of the previous spread spectrum project. Granted, we would still be susceptible to component obsolescence but I'm being blindly optimistic and hoping it wouldn't be as bad. another benefit of the standardization would be attention from the part 15 wireless network community. Since their needs are mostly in alignment with ours, we could gain additional volume benefits both in terms of visibility, membership, and experimentation. ---eric ka1eec ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: longshot From: Walt DuBose Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:39:35 -0500 X-Message-Number: 3 I guess for the same reason that Dr. Fox called the Padre Island horny toad he discovered the Fox Toad. Then name doesn't matter. Call it Ham 802.11b...who really cares? I suppose it is who is working on it can call it what they want just like naming the horny toad Robert McGwier wrote: > > I think the confusion on Bill's part (and mine frankly) is why > is it the ARRL 802.11b and not the Walt 802.11b or TAPR 802.11b > or the A802.11b (as in AX.25)? What is ARRL contributing to your > efforts that makes you want to call it that? Are they funding you, > giving you lab space, equipment, people? Frankly, I prefer > A80211.B and if you want that to mean ARRL, so be it. > > Bob > N4HY > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Walt DuBose > Sent: Tuesday, October 15, 2002 10:33 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: longshot > > Bill Vodall - WA7NWP wrote: > > > > >e can start low-profile ARRL 802.11b testing whenever you're ready! > > > > I'm confused. What's "ARRL" 802.11b? Aren't ARRL and SS > > somewhat of an oxymoron... > > > > Bill, WA7NWP > > > > ARRL 802.11 is a subset that members of the ARRL High Speed > MultiMedia working group are working on. It optimizes the > 802.11b standard for amateur radio, Part 97, use on 2.4 GHz. It > might do such things as redefine the channels, center frequency > and spread, power control, add callsign identification in the > SSID, etc. The ARRL 802.11 standard is still under development. > > Walt/K5YFW > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: mesh networks From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:34:13 +0100 X-Message-Number: 4 > from my experimentation and listening on various wireless network > experimenters lists, there is a need for a basic bit of CPU and memory > with ethernet and 802.11b sticking out the ends. In theory, an access > point with flash memory should suffice but we would need a bit more > documentation and "heads up" on changes from a manufacturer before one > could standardize on such a box for modifications. OpenAP - http://opensource.instant802.com/ They found a hardware platform that is sufficiently standard and common. It's a board with AMD x86 CPU, RAM, Flash, PCMCIA WLAN card, and Realtek ethernet controller. Sold in several disguises as a WLAN AP. And it supports an existing software develoment platform, device drivers, protocol stacks etc (linux) Don't know how long it'll be about though, now that AP functionality has been put in the WLAN baseband chipsets. But the concept of meshes with omni antennas assumes a sufficient density of amateurs of one every 100 metre square in urban areas. (assuming WLAN 802.11 type devices) I don't think this can be met at present. A mesh with say 4 small yagis and APs for each (ie. 4 point-to-point links) could be built at one amateur per 2km, much more realistic. This requires mesh packet routing but on-air involves no special mesh protocols. To do dynamic mesh packet routing between APs the use (maybe slight abuse) of the RIP protocol and the "routed" or "gated" daemon might do the trick. RIP networks are said to be limited to 15 hops, but I suspect it's limited by bandwidth consumed by RIP info, how much memory you have to store routing tables, and how much CPU you spend searching them for each packet. http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/90.htm http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/cgi-bin/man-cgi?gated http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/cgi-bin/man-cgi?routed There is, of course, no need to be an amateur to join a WLAN-based mesh network, so getting the required numbers of people involved from a community may be less of a problem if you retain unlicenced status. If amateurs are suggesting an "amateur" ammendment to the 802.11 protocol to support licence compliance it would seem desirable that it have a feature set that made it internationally acceptable, rather than just "FCC" or "ARRL band plan" acceptable. This is from the POV that a standard is best if there's only one of them, and people do like dxpeditions. The amateur radio market is small enough as it is, without different standards for each nation. I was chatting with someone yesterday who said 23cm transceivers were cheap in Japan but there was a problem importing them as they use 20kHz channels... and we don't. By not talking to each other over standards, we do tend to shoot ourselves in the foot. There would be a lot more cheaper gear if we did. Ant --- END OF DIGEST --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: k8ocl@hotmail.com To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org _________________________________________________________________ Unlimited Internet access for only $21.95/month.  Try MSN! http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/2monthsfree.asp ------=_NextPart_000_7550_1e3a_5f24 Content-Type: application/msword; name="IEEE 802assubmitted.doc" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="IEEE 802assubmitted.doc" 0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB AAAATwAAAAAAAAAAEAAAUQAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAE4AAAD///////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////spcEAWyAJBAAA+BK/AAAAAAAAEAAAAAAABAAA NzIAAA4AYmpiauIA4gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAJBBYAaUwAAIBqAQCA agEANy4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD//w8AAAAAAAAA AAD//w8AAAAAAAAAAAD//w8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGwAAAAAABICAAAA AAAAEgIAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAACQA AAAAAAAAAAAAADYCAAAAAAAAJhAAAAAAAAAmEAAAAAAAACYQAAAAAAAAJhAA ABQAAAA6EAAATAAAADYCAAAAAAAA9xkAAEYBAACSEAAAXgAAAPAQAAAAAAAA 8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAPAQAAAA AAAAdhkAAAIAAAB4GQAAAAAAAHgZAAAAAAAAeBkAAAAAAAB4GQAAAAAAAHgZ AAAAAAAAeBkAACQAAAA9GwAAIAIAAF0dAACeAAAAnBkAABUAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwEAAA AAAAAPAQAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAADwEAAAAAAAAJwZAAAAAAAAeBIAAAAAAAAS AgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAAsRkAABYA AAB4EgAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAAeBIAAAAAAADwEAAABgEAABICAAAAAAAA8BAA AAAAAAASAgAAAAAAAPAQAAAAAAAAdhkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA8BAAAAAAAAB2GQAAAAAAAHgSAABKBgAAeBIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMIY AAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwhgAAAAAAADwEAAA AAAAAIYQAAAMAAAAsGZBnAxKwgE2AgAA8A0AACYQAAAAAAAA9hEAAIIAAADC GAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwhgAALQAAADHGQAAMAAAAPcZAAAAAAAAwhgAAAAA AAD7HQAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAA+x0AAAAAAADCGAAAAAAAAHgSAAAAAAAANgIA AAAAAAA2AgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAAEgIAAAAAAAASAgAAAAAAABICAAAAAAAA AgDZAAAAT24gQW1hdGV1ciBSYWRpbyBVc2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIuMTFiDVJh ZGlvIExvY2FsIEFyZWEgTmV0d29ya3MNDVBhdWwgTC4gUmluYWxkbywgVzRS SQ1NYW5hZ2VyLCBUZWNobmljYWwgUmVsYXRpb25zDUFtZXJpY2FuIFJhZGlv IFJlbGF5IExlYWd1ZQ0TIEhZUEVSTElOSyAibWFpbHRvOnc0cmlAYXJybC5v cmciIAEUdzRyaUBhcnJsLm9yZxUNDUpvaG4gSi4gQ2hhbXBhLCBLOE9DTA1D aGFpcm1hbiwgSGlnaCBTcGVlZCBNdWx0aW1lZGlhIFdvcmtpbmcgR3JvdXAN QW1lcmljYW4gUmFkaW8gUmVsYXkgTGVhZ3VlDRMgSFlQRVJMSU5LICJrOG9j bEBhcnJsLm5ldCIgARRrOG9jbEBhcnJsLm5ldBUNDQ0NDFQNaGUgMjQwMC0y NDUwIE1IeiBiYW5kIGlzIG5vdCBvbmx5IGFuIGFtYXRldXIgYWxsb2NhdGlv biBidXQgaXMgdXNlZCBieSBvdGhlciBzZXJ2aWNlcy4gUHJpbWFyaWx5LCBp dJJzIGFuIGluZHVzdHJpYWwsIHNjaWVudGlmaWMgYW5kIG1lZGljYWwgKElT TSkgYmFuZCB3aXRoIGEgY2VudGVyIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiAyNDUwIE1Iei4g T3RoZXIgdXNlcnMgb2YgdGhlIGJhbmQgbXVzdCBhY2NlcHQgYW55IGludGVy ZmVyZW5jZSBmcm9tIElTTSBlbWl0dGVycy4gVGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2Vydmlj ZSBoYXMgYW4gYWxsb2NhdGlvbiBpbiB0aGlzIGJhbmQgdGhhdCBkaWZmZXJz IHNvbWV3aGF0IGluIHZhcmlvdXMgY291bnRyaWVzLiBIb3dldmVyLCBpbiB0 aGUgVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlcywgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2VydmljZSBoYXMgYSBz ZWNvbmRhcnkgYWxsb2NhdGlvbiBpbiB0aGUgMjQwMC0yNDAyIE1IeiBzZWdt ZW50LCBwcmltYXJ5IGluIDI0MDItMjQxNyBNSHogYW5kIHNlY29uZGFyeSBh dCAyNDE3LTI0NTAgTUh6LiBUaGlzIGJhbmQgKGFjdHVhbGx5IGEgbGFyZ2Vy IGJhbmQgb2YgMjQwMC0yNDgzLjUgTUh6KSBpcyB1c2VkIGJ5IGEgbnVtYmVy IG9mIHVubGljZW5zZWQgbG93LXBvd2VyIGRldmljZXMsIHN1Y2ggYXMgY29y ZGxlc3MgdGVsZXBob25lcyBhbmQgcmFkaW8gbG9jYWwgYXJlYSBuZXR3b3Jr cyAoUkxBTnMpLiBUaGVzZSBpbmNsdWRlIElFRUUgODAyLjExYiBhbmQgQmx1 ZXRvb3RoLiBRdWl0ZSBvZnRlbiwgdGhlIHRyYWRlIHByZXNzIG1pc2NoYXJh Y3Rlcml6ZXMgdGhpcyBiYW5kIGFzIJN1bmxpY2Vuc2VkIHNwZWN0cnVtLJQg d2hpY2ggbWF5IGluZGljYXRlIHRoZXmScmUgbm90IGF3YXJlIG9mIHRoZSBh bWF0ZXVyIHByaW1hcnkgb3Igc2Vjb25kYXJ5IGFsbG9jYXRpb25zLiBPbmUg b3RoZXIgdGhpbmcgYWJvdXQgYW1hdGV1ciBhbGxvY2F0aW9uIHN0YXR1cyBp cyB0aGF0LCBvbiBwZXRpdGlvbiBmcm9tIEFSUkwsIHRoZSBGQ0MgaGFzIGlz c3VlZCBhIE5vdGljZSBvZiBQcm9wb3NlZCBSdWxlIE1ha2luZyB0byB1cGdy YWRlIHRoZSBiYW5kIDI0MDAtMjQwMiBNSHogdG8gcHJpbWFyeSBzdGF0dXMu DQ1UaGlzIGp1bWJsZSBvZiBhbGxvY2F0aW9ucyBhbmQgdXNlcyBjYW4gYmUg dmlld2VkIGFzIGEgZ2xhc3MgaGFsZiBlbXB0eSBvciBoYWxmIGZ1bGwuIE9u ZSB2aWV3IGlzIHRoYXQgdGhlIEZDQyBoYXMgbG9hZGVkIHRoaXMgYmFuZCB3 aXRoIHNvIG1hbnkgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zIGFzIHRvIG1ha2UgYW1hdGV1ciBv cGVyYXRpb24gdmVyeSBkaWZmaWN1bHQuIEFuZCwgdGhlcmUgYXJlIGdyb3dp bmcgYW5lY2RvdGFsIHN0b3JpZXMgdGhhdCBhbWF0ZXVyIHN5c3RlbXMsIHBh cnRpY3VsYXJseSBhbWF0ZXVyIHRlbGV2aXNpb24gcmVwZWF0ZXJzLCBvcGVy YXRpbmcgaW4gdGhpcyBiYW5kIGFyZSBleHBlcmllbmNpbmcgaGFybWZ1bCBp bnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgZnJvbSBJRUVFIDgwMi4xMWIgZGV2aWNlcy4gVGhlcmUg aXMgZ3Jvd2luZyB1c2Ugb2YgODAyLjExYiBpbiBidWlsZGluZyBhbmQgY2Ft cHVzIFJMQU5zLiBUaGUgZ2VuZXJhbCBleHBlcmllbmNlIGlzIHRoYXQgUkxB TnMgaW5zaWRlIGJ1aWxkaW5ncyB1c3VhbGx5IGRvIG5vdCByYWRpYXRlIG11 Y2ggZW5lcmd5IG91dHNpZGUgYmVjYXVzZSBvZiBvdXRlciB3YWxsIGF0dGVu dWF0aW9uLiBFdmVuIHdpbmRvd3MgY2FuIGF0dGVudWF0ZSB0aGUgc2lnbmFs IHRocm91Z2ggYXBwbGljYXRpb24gb2Ygc3VuIHNoaWVsZGluZyBmaWxtLiAN DVRoZSBJbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UNDVNvLCB0aGUgbWFpbiBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2Ug ZnJvbSA4MDIuMTFiIHRvIGFtYXRldXIgc3lzdGVtcyBzZWVtcyB0byBiZSB0 aGUgb3V0c2lkZSBSTEFOIGFjY2VzcyBwb2ludHMgKEFQcykuIE1vc3Qgb3Bl cmF0ZSB3aXRoaW4gdGhlIEZDQyBQYXJ0IDE1IFJ1bGVzIGFuZCBtYXkgb3Ig bWF5IG5vdCBiZSBhIHByb2JsZW0gdG8gYW1hdGV1ciBzeXN0ZW1zIGRlcGVu ZGluZyBvbiBwcm94aW1pdHksIGxpbmUtb2Ytc2lnaHQgYW5kIG90aGVyIGZh Y3RvcnMuIFRob3NlIGNsb3NlIGJ5LCBwZXJoYXBzIHdpdGggZGlyZWN0aW9u YWwgYW50ZW5uYXMgYm9yZS1zaWdodGVkIHRvd2FyZCBhbiBhbWF0ZXVyIHN0 YXRpb24gYXJlIGxpa2VseSB0byBiZSBhIHByb2JsZW0uIEluIGFkZGl0aW9u LCB0aGVyZSBhcmUgYW4gaW5jcmVhc2luZyBudW1iZXIgb2YgQVBzIG9wZXJh dGluZyBvdXRzaWRlIHRoZSBSdWxlcy4gDQ1UaGUgRkNDIGlzIGF3YXJlIG9m IHNvbWUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGlnaC1wb3dlciBBUHMgYW5kIGlzIGNvbnNpZGVy aW5nIGVuZm9yY2VtZW50IGFjdGlvbi4gQVJSTCBoYXMgYSBwcm9ncmFtIGNh bGxlZCBBbWF0ZXVyIFJhZGlvIEludGVyZmVyZW5jZSBBc3Nlc3NtZW50IChB UklBKSB0aGF0IGlzIHRyeWluZyB0byBtZWFzdXJlIHRoZSBub2lzZSBsZXZl bCBpbiB0aGUgMjQwMC0yNDUwIE1IeiBiYW5kIChhbmQgb3RoZXJzKS4gSG93 ZXZlciwgdGhpcyBpcyBhIG1vdmluZyB0YXJnZXQgYW5kIHRoZSBzaXR1YXRp b24gY291bGQgY2hhbmdlIGRyYW1hdGljYWxseSBpbiBhIHllYXIuDQ1UaGUg T3Bwb3J0dW5pdHkNDTgwMi4xMWIgcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIEFtYXRldXIgUmFk aW8gY29tbXVuaXR5IHdpdGggYW4gb3Bwb3J0dW5pdHkgdG8gdXNlIHRoZSBp bmV4cGVuc2l2ZSBSTEFOIGNhcmRzIGZvciBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG11bHRpbWVk aWEgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zIGluY2x1ZGluZyBzdHJlYW1pbmcgdGVsZXZpc2lv bi4gV2hpbGUgbW9zdCBwcmljZXMgcHJlc2VudGx5IGhvdmVyIGFyb3VuZCAk MTAwLCBzb21lIGFyZSBhdmFpbGFibGUgYXQgYWJvdXQgaGFsZiB0aGF0IHBy aWNlLiBUaGUgQVBzLCBob3dldmVyLCBhcmUgbW9yZSBleHBlbnNpdmUgYnkg dmlydHVlIG9mIGxvd2VyIHNhbGVzIHZvbHVtZXMgYnV0IGFyZSBhdmFpbGFi bGUgZm9yIHNldmVyYWwgaHVuZHJlZCBkb2xsYXJzLiANDUZyZXF1ZW5jaWVz DQ04MDIuMTFiIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBzcGVjaWZpZWQgb24gY2VudGVyIGZy ZXF1ZW5jaWVzIDUgTUh6IGFwYXJ0Og0NQ2hhbm5lbAdDZW50ZXIgRnJlcQ1N SHoHQ29tbWVudHMHBzENMg0zDTQNNQ02BzI0MTINMjQxNw0yNDIyDTI0MjcN MjQzMg0yNDM3B1RoZXNlIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSB1c2VkIGluIHRoZSBVUyBh bmQgb3RoZXIgY291bnRyaWVzIGJ5IDgwMi4xMWIgZGV2aWNlcy4gVGhlaXIg ZW1pc3Npb25zIGZhbGwgd2l0aGluIHRoZSAyNDAwLTI0NTAgTUh6IGFtYXRl dXIgYmFuZC4HBzcNOA05DTEwDTExBzI0NDINMjQ0Nw0yNDUyDTI0NTcNMjQ2 MgdUaGVzZSBjaGFubmVscyBhcmUgdXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgVVMgYW5kIG90aGVy IGNvdW50cmllcyBieSA4MDIuMTFiIGRldmljZXMsIGJ1dCBjYW5ub3QgYmUg dXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgYW1hdGV1ciBzZXJ2aWNlLgcHMTINMTMHMjQ2Nw0yNDcy B05vdCB1c2VkIGJ5IDgwMi4xMSBpbiB0aGUgVVMuBwcxNAcyNDg0B0phcGFu IG9ubHkuBwcNVGhlIGV4aXN0ZW5jZSBvZiAxNCBjaGFubmVscyBkb2VzIG5v dCBtZWFuIHRoYXQgYWxsIGFyZSB1c2FibGUuIEluIGZhY3QsIHRoZSBjaGFu bmVsIGJhbmR3aWR0aCBpcyAyMiBNSHosIG9yIDExIE1IeiBlaXRoZXIgc2lk ZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIGZyZXF1ZW5jeS4gU28gY2hhbm5lbCAxIG9jY3Vw aWVzIGZyb20gMjQwMSB0byAyNDIzIE1Iei4gRnVydGhlcm1vcmUsIHRoZSBy ZWNlaXZlcnMgYXJlIHN1Y2ggdGhhdCB0aGVyZSBzaG91bGQgYmUgMjUgTUh6 IHNlcGFyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiBjaGFubmVsIGNlbnRlcnMgdXNlZCBpbiB0 aGUgc2FtZSBsb2NhdGlvbi4gSW4gcHJhY3RpY2UsIGNoYW5uZWxzIDEsIDYg YW5kIDExIGFyZSB0aGUgcG9wdWxhciBvbmVzLg0NQ2hhbm5lbHMgMSBhbmQg NiBmYWxsIGNvbXBsZXRlbHkgd2l0aGluIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIGJhbmQgMjQw MC0yNDUwIE1IeiwgYW5kIGNvdWxkIGJlIHVzZWQgYnkgYW1hdGV1cnMgdW5k ZXIgUGFydCA5NyBvZiB0aGUgRkNDIFJ1bGVzIHBlcm1pdHRpbmcgc3ByZWFk IHNwZWN0cnVtIChTUykgb3BlcmF0aW9uLiBJbiBmYWN0LCBhbWF0ZXVycyBh cmUgcGVybWl0dGVkIHVwIHRvIDEgd2F0dCBvZiB0cmFuc21pdHRlciBwb3dl ciBvdXRwdXQgd2l0aG91dCBhdXRvbWF0aWMgcG93ZXIgY29udHJvbCAoQVBD KSBhbmQgdXAgdG8gMTAwIHdhdHRzIGlmIEFQQyBpcyB1c2VkLg0NQmFuZCBQ bGFuDSANVGhlIGV4aXN0aW5nICgxOTkxKSBBUlJMIGJhbmQgcGxhbiBmb3Ig dGhlIDEzLWNtIGJhbmQgd2FzIG5vdCB3cml0dGVuIHdpdGggODAyLjExYiBp biBtaW5kLiBIZXJlIGFyZSB0aGUgZXhpc3RpbmcgYmFuZCBwbGFuIHNlZ21l bnRzOg0NMjQwMC0yNDAzCVNhdGVsbGl0ZQ0yNDAzLTI0MDgJU2F0ZWxsaXRl IGhpZ2gtcmF0ZSBkYXRhDTI0MDgtMjQxMAlTYXRlbGxpdGUNMjQxMC0yNDEz CUZNIHJlcGVhdGVycyAoMjUga0h6IHNwYWNpbmcpIG91dHB1dA0yNDEzLTI0 MTgJSGlnaC1yYXRlIGRhdGENMjQxOC0yNDMwCUZhc3Qtc2NhbiBUVg0yNDMw LTI0MzgJU2F0ZWxsaXRlDTI0MzMtMjQzOAlTYXRlbGxpdGUgaGlnaC1yYXRl IGRhdGENMjQzOC0yNDUwCVdpZGViYW5kIEZNLCBGU1RWLCBGTVRWLCBTUywg ZXhwZXJpbWVudGFsDQ1JdCBpcyBub3QgcG9zc2libGUgdG8gcGljayBhbiA4 MDIuMTFiIGNoYW5uZWwgd2l0aGluIHRoZSAxIHRvIDYgcmFuZ2Ugd2l0aG91 dCBidW1waW5nIGludG8gYW5vdGhlciB1c2Ugc3BlY2lmaWVkIGluIHRoZSBi YW5kIHBsYW4uIEJlYXIgaW4gbWluZCwgaG93ZXZlciwgdGhhdCB0aGVyZSBt YXkgYmUgc29tZSBsb2NhbCB2YXJpYXRpb25zLiBXaGlsZSBpdCBpcyBnb29k IHByYWN0aWNlIHRvIG9wZXJhdGUgd2l0aGluIHRoZSBhcHBsaWNhYmxlIGJh bmQgcGxhbiwgc29tZSBmbGV4aWJpbGl0eSBleGlzdHMuIEdlbmVyYWxseSwg YW4gYW1hdGV1ciBzdGF0aW9uIG9wZXJhdGluZyBpbiBhY2NvcmRhbmNlIHdp dGggYSBiYW5kIHBsYW4gaGFzIHNvbWUgcHJlY2VkZW5jZSBvdmVyIGEgc3Rh dGlvbiBub3Qgb3BlcmF0aW5nIGFjY29yZGluZyB0byB0aGUgYmFuZCBwbGFu LiBUaGUgbWFpbiB0aGluZyBpcyB0byBhdm9pZCBoYXJtZnVsIGludGVyZmVy ZW5jZSB0byB1c2VycyBvcGVyYXRpbmcgaW4gYWNjb3JkYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRo ZSBiYW5kIHBsYW4uIFRoZSBBUlJMIFJlcGVhdGVyIERpcmVjdG9yeSBsaXN0 cyBzb21lLCBidXQgbm90IGFsbCwgdXNlcyBvZiB0aGUgYmFuZC4gVGhlIGxv Y2FsIHJlcGVhdGVyIGNvb3JkaW5hdG9yIHNob3VsZCBoYXZlIGFkZGl0aW9u YWwgaW5mb3JtYXRpb24gb2Ygd2hvIGlzIGRvaW5nIHdoYXQgaW4gb3JkZXIg dG8gYXZvaWQgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIHRvIGV4aXN0aW5nIHVzZXJzLg0uDUFt YXRldXJzIGluIExpdmluZ3N0b24gQ291bnR5IChNSSkgYXJlIGluIHRoZSBw cm9jZXNzIG9mIHBsYW5uaW5nIHdoYXQgbWlnaHQgYmUgdGhlIGZpcnN0IGFt YXRldXIgODAyLjExYiBuZXR3b3JrLiAgVGhleSBhcmUgY29vcmRpbmF0aW5n IHRoZWlyIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRzIHdpdGggdGhlIEFSUkwgSGlnaCBTcGVlZCBN dWx0aW1lZGlhIFdvcmtpbmcgR3JvdXAgKEhTTU0pIGFuZCB0aGUgTWljaGln YW4gQXJlYSBSZXBlYXRlciBDb3VuY2lsIChNQVJDKS4NDUN1cnJlbnQgcGxh bnMgY2FsbCBmb3IgdXNpbmcgODAyLjExYiBDaGFubmVsIDYgd2l0aCBhIGNl bnRlciBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgMjQzNyBNSHouICBUaGlzIGFwcHJvYWNoIHdp bGwgcGxhY2UgdGhlIDIyIE1IeiBzcHJlYWQgc3BlY3RydW0gc2lnbmFsIGlu IHdoYXQgYXBwZWFycyB0byBiZSB0aGUgbW9zdCBsb2dpY2FsIGZyZXF1ZW5j eSBmb3Igc3VjaCB0ZXN0aW5nLiAgQXBwcm94aW1hdGVseSBoYWxmIG9mIHRo ZSBzaWduYWwgaXMgaW4gdGhlIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRhbCBwb3J0aW9uIG9mIHRo ZSBiYW5kICgyNDM4ljI0NTAgTUh6KSBhbHJlYWR5IGRlc2lnbmF0ZWQgZm9y IHNwcmVhZCBzcGVjdHJ1bSB1c2UuICBUaGUgb3RoZXIgaGFsZiBvZiB0aGUg c2lnbmFsIGlzIGluIHRoZSBjdXJyZW50bHkgdW4tdXNlZCBzYXRlbGxpdGUg c3ViLWJhbmQgKEFNU0FULU9TQ0FSIDQwIGRvd25saW5rcyBhcm91bmQgMjQw MSBNSHopIGFuZCB0aGUgMi40IEdIeiBmYXN0LXNjYW4gQVRWIHN1Yi1iYW5k Lg0NSWYgZWZmZWN0aXZlIEFQQyB0ZWNobmlxdWVzIGNhbiBiZSBkZXZlbG9w ZWQsIHRoZSBleHBlcmltZW50ZXJzIHBsYW4gdG8gdXNlIFJGIG91dHB1dCBw b3dlciBpbiB0aGUgcmFuZ2Ugb2YgMi00IHdhdHRzLiBXaXRoIHNtYWxsIGRp c2ggYW50ZW5uYXMgYW5kIGhlbGljYWwgYmVhbXMsIHRoZSBleHBlcmltZW50 ZXJzIGhvcGUgdG8gYWNoaWV2ZSB0aHJvdWdocHV0cyBpbiB0aGUgcmFuZ2Ug b2YgMS0zIE1iaXQvcyBvdmVyIGEgcmFuZ2Ugb2YgMTAgbWlsZXMgb3IgbW9y ZS4gIA0NSWRlbnRpZmljYXRpb24NDUFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlvbiB1c2lu ZyA4MDIuMTFiIG11c3QgaWRlbnRpZnkgcGVyaW9kaWNhbGx5IGFjY29yZGlu ZyB0byBQYXJ0IDk3LiBTb21lIGhhdmUgY29uc2lkZXJlZCBtb2RpZmljYXRp b24gb2YgdGhlIDgwMi4xMWIgcHJvdG9jb2wgdG8gbWFwIHN0YXRpb24gY2Fs bCBzaWducyBpbnRvIHRoZSBmcmFtZXMgaW4gYSBtYW5uZXIgc2ltaWxhciB0 byB0aGF0IHVzZWQgaW4gQVguMjUuDQ1UaGUgc2ltcGxlc3Qgd2F5LCBhdCBs ZWFzdCBmb3Igbm93LCBpcyB0byBpZGVudGlmeSBpbiB0aGUgdGV4dCBvZiB0 aGUgbWVzc2FnZSwgc28gdGhhdCBhbnlvbmUgd2l0aCBhIG5vcm1hbCA4MDIu MTFiIGNhcmQgY2FuIHJlYWQgdGhlIGlkZW50aXRpZXMgb2YgdGhlIHRyYW5z bWl0dGluZyBzdGF0aW9ucy4NDUluIHRoZSBMaXZpbmdzdG9uIENvdW50eSBh bWF0ZXVyIGV4cGVyaW1lbnRhbCBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG5ldHdvcmsgbWVudGlv bmVkIHByZXZpb3VzbHksIGlkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIHdpbGwgYmUgY2FsbCBz aWducyB0eXBlZCBpbiBub3JtYWwgODAyLjExYiB0ZXh0LiAgTm9ybWFsIHZv aWNlIGlkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIHdpbGwgdXNlIHN0cmVhbWluZyBhdWRpby4g IE5vcm1hbCBBVFYgaWRlbnRpZmljYXRpb24gd2lsbCBiZSB1c2VkIGZvciBz dHJlYW1pbmcgdmlkZW8uICBJZiB5b3Ugd291bGQgbGlrZSBtb3JlIGRldGFp bHMgb24gdGhpcyBleHBlcmltZW50YWwgYW1hdGV1ciBoaWdoLXNwZWVkIG11 bHRpbWVkaWEgbmV0d29yaywgcGxlYXNlIGNvbnRhY3Qgb25lIG9mIHRoZSBh dXRob3JzLg0NSW50ZXJvcGVyYXRpb24gd2l0aCBQYXJ0IDE1IFJMQU5zDQ1U aGlzIGlzIHZlcnkgc3RpY2t5LiBUZWNobmljYWxseSwgYW4gYW1hdGV1ciBz dGF0aW9uIHVzaW5nIDgwMi4xMWIgY291bGQgaW50ZXJvcGVyYXRlIHdpdGgg YW4gUkxBTiBvcGVyYXRpbmcgdW5kZXIgUGFydCAxNSBydWxlcy4gSG93ZXZl ciwgY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIEZDQyBQYXJ0cyBpcyBjb25zaWRl cmVkIGEgk25vLW5vLpQgTmV2ZXJ0aGVsZXNzLCBpdJJzIHBvc3NpYmxlIGZv ciBhbiBhbWF0ZXVyIHVzaW5nIHRoZSBzYW1lIDgwMi4xMWIgY2FyZCB0byBj b21tdW5pY2F0ZSB3aXRoIGFuIFJMQU4gdW5kZXIgUGFydCAxNSBvZiB0aGUg UnVsZXMuIA0NVGhlIHByb2JsZW0gaXMgdGhhdCBhIG1lc3NhZ2UgcmVjZWl2 ZWQgb3ZlciBhIFBhcnQgMTUgbGluayBtdXN0IGJlIHNjcmVlbmVkIGZvciBw ZXJtaXNzaWJsZSBjb250ZW50IGJlZm9yZSBpdCBjYW4gYmUgaW50cm9kdWNl ZCBpbnRvIGEgUGFydCA5NyBsaW5rLiBIb3dldmVyLCBhIHByb3BlciBQYXJ0 IDk3IG1lc3NhZ2UgY291bGQgYmUgc2VudCBvbiBhIFBhcnQgMTUgbGluay4N DUNvbmZ1c2luZz8gVGhlIFJ1bGVzIHdlcmUgbm90IHdyaXR0ZW4gd2l0aCBh bnkgb2YgdGhpcyBpbiBtaW5kLg0NSW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIElzc3Vlcw0NV2hp bGUgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2VydmljZXMgaGF2ZSBwcmltYXJ5IGFuZCBzZWNv bmRhcnkgYWxsb2NhdGlvbnMgaW4gdGhlIDI0MDAtMjQ1MCBNSHogYmFuZCwg YW5kIHRoZSBQYXJ0IDE1IGRldmljZXMgb3BlcmF0ZSB0aGVyZSB3aXRob3V0 IGxpY2Vuc2UgYW5kIG11c3Qgbm90IGludGVyZmVyZSB3aXRoIG9yIGNsYWlt IHByb3RlY3Rpb24gZnJvbSBsaWNlbnNlZCBzZXJ2aWNlcywgdGhlcmUgaXMg YSBwcm9ibGVtLiANVGhlIGFtYXRldXIgbGljZW5zZWUgbG9va3MgYXQgdGhl IHJlZ3VsYXRvcnkgc3RhdHVzIGFuZCBzZWVzIHRoZXJlIGlzIG5vIG5lZWQg dG8gdGFrZSBQYXJ0IDE1IGRldmljZXMgaW50byBhY2NvdW50IGJlZm9yZSB0 cmFuc21pdHRpbmcuIElmIGludGVyZmVyZW5jZSBmcm9tIFBhcnQgMTUgZGV2 aWNlcyBpcyBoYXJtZnVsLCB0aGUgYW1hdGV1ciBjYW4gcmVwb3J0IHRoaXMg dG8gdGhlIEZDQyBmb3IgZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQgYWN0aW9uLg0NT24gdGhlIG90 aGVyIGhhbmQsIHRoZSBQYXJ0IDE1IHVzZXIganVzdCBsYWlkIG91dCAkMTAw IG9yIHNvIGZvciB0aGUgUkxBTiBjYXJkIGFuZCBleHBlY3RzIGl0IHRvIG9w ZXJhdGUuICBIZSBvciBzaGUgbWF5IG5vdCBiZSBoYXBweSB0aGF0IGl0IGRv ZXNuknQgd29yayBhbmQgbWF5IGJlY29tZSBjb252aW5jZWQgdGhhdCB0aGUg Y2F1c2UgaXMgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIGZyb20gYW4gYW1hdGV1ciBzdGF0aW9u LiANDVVuZm9ydHVuYXRlbHksIHRoZXJlIGFyZSBtb3JlIG9mIHRoZW0gdGhh biB0aGVyZSBhcmUgb2YgdXMuIEEgbGFyZ2UgbnVtYmVyIG9mIGNvbXBsYWlu dHMgY29taW5nIHRvIFdhc2hpbmd0b24gY291bGQgYmUgYSBwcm9ibGVtIGFu ZCB0aGUgb3V0Y29tZSBtaWdodCBub3QgYmUgd2hhdCB3ZSB3YW50LiBUaGVy ZWZvcmUsIGl0IHBheXMgdG8gdGFrZSB0aGlzIHNlcmlvdXNseSBhbmQgY29u c2lkZXIgbWl0aWdhdGlvbiBvZiBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgdG8vZnJvbSBSTEFO cyBpbiBhbnkgYW1hdGV1ciBuZXR3b3JrLg0NQmVzdCBQcmFjdGljZXMNDVRo ZXJlIGlzIGEgbmVlZCB0byBkZXZlbG9wIGEgc2V0IG9mIGJlc3QgcHJhY3Rp Y2VzIGluIHVzZSBvZiA4MDIuMTFiIGluIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIHNlcnZpY2Uu IFRoaXMgcGFwZXIgdG91Y2hlcyBvbiBhIG51bWJlciBvZiBjb25zaWRlcmF0 aW9ucy4NDVJlY29tbWVuZGVkIEFkZGl0aW9uYWwgUmVhZGluZw0NV2lyZWxl c3MgTEFOcyBFbmQgdG8gRW5kLCBCcnVjZSBJSUksIFdhbHRlciBSLiwgYW5k IEdpbHN0ZXIsIFJvbiAoU2VyaWVzIEVkaXRvciksIEh1bmdyeSBNaW5kcywg SW5jLiwgMjAwMi4NEyBIWVBFUkxJTksgImh0dHA6Ly93d3cuaHVuZ3J5bWlu ZHMuY29tLyIgARRodHRwOi8vd3d3Lmh1bmdyeW1pbmRzLmNvbS8VDUlTQk46 ICAwLTc2NDUtNDg4OC0zDQ1NaWNyb3dhdmUgSGFuZGJvb2ssIFZvbHVtZSAx LCBDb21wb25lbnRzIGFuZCBPcGVyYXRpbmcgVGVjaG5pcXVlcywgRGl4b24s IE0uVy4tIEczUEZSIChFZGl0b3IpLCBSYWRpbyBTb2NpZXR5IG9mIEdyZWF0 IEJyaXRhaW4sIDE5ODkuIElTQk4gMC05MDA2MTItODktNA0TSFlQRVJMSU5L ICJodHRwOi8vd3d3LmFycmwub3JnLyIBFGh0dHA6Ly93d3cuYXJybC5vcmcv FQ0NQWxzbyBzZWU6IBMgSFlQRVJMSU5LICJodHRwOi8vMjA5LjE4NS4yNDAu MjUwOjgwL2NnaS1iaW4vbGlua3JkP19sYW5nPUVOJmxhaD0yYzVlZDlkMDEx N2RjNzZiNDJlZjRmNDhmNjE2NGJiZCZsYXQ9MTAyOTM4NDk4OCZobV9fX2Fj dGlvbj1odHRwJTNhJTJmJTJmd3d3JTJlcXNsJTJlbmV0JTJma2I5bXdyJTJm cHJvamVjdHMlMmZ3aXJlbGVzcyUyZnBsYW4lMmVodG1sIiBcdCAiX2JsYW5r IiAUaHR0cDovL3d3dy5xc2wubmV0L2tiOW13ci9wcm9qZWN0cy93aXJlbGVz cy9wbGFuLmh0bWwVLiAgDQ0NDQ0NDQ1DdXJyZW50IEZDQyBSZWd1bGF0aW9u cw0NRkNDIFBhcnQgOTcuMzExIFNwcmVhZCBTcGVjdHJ1bSBSdWxlcyBhcHBs eSB0byA4MDIuMTFiDQ05Ny4zMTEgU1MgZW1pc3Npb24gdHlwZXMNDShhKSBT UyBlbWlzc2lvbiB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIGJ5IGFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlv biBhcmUgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBvbmx5oGZvciBjb21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucyBiZXR3 ZWVuIHBvaW50cyB3aXRoaW4gYXJlYXMgd2hlcmUgdGhlIGFtYXRldXIgc2Vy dmljZSBpcyByZWd1bGF0ZWQgYnkgdGhlIEZDQyBhbmQgYmV0d2VlbiBhbiBh cmVhIHdoZXJlIHRoZSBhbWF0ZXVyIHNlcnZpY2UgaXMgcmVndWxhdGVkIGJ5 IHRoZSBGQ0MgYW5kIGFuIGFtYXRldXIgc3RhdGlvbiBpbiBhbm90aGVyIGNv dW50cnkgdGhhdCBwZXJtaXRzIHN1Y2ggY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbnMuoCBTUyBl bWlzc2lvbiB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIG11c3Qgbm90IGJlIHVzZWQgZm9yIHRo ZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIG9ic2N1cmluZyB0aGUgbWVhbmluZyBvZiBhbnkgY29t bXVuaWNhdGlvbi4NDShiKSBBIHN0YXRpb24gdHJhbnNtaXR0aW5nIFNTIGVt aXNzaW9ucyBtdXN0IG5vdCBjYXVzZSBoYXJtZnVsIGludGVyZmVyZW5jZSB0 byBzdGF0aW9ucyBlbXBsb3lpbmcgb3RoZXIgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBlbWlzc2lv bnMsIGFuZA1tdXN0IGFjY2VwdCBhbGwgaW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlIGNhdXNlZCBi eSBzdGF0aW9ucyBlbXBsb3lpbmcgb3RoZXIgYXV0aG9yaXplZCBtb2Rlcy4N DShjKSBXaGVuIGRlZW1lZCBuZWNlc3NhcnkgYnkgYSBEaXN0cmljdCBEaXJl Y3RvciB0byBhc3N1cmUgY29tcGxpYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRoaXMgUGFydCwgYSBz dGF0aW9uIGxpY2Vuc2VlIG11c3Q6DQ2gICgxKSBDZWFzZSBTUyBlbWlzc2lv biB0cmFuc21pc3Npb25zOw2gICgyKSBSZXN0cmljdCBTUyBlbWlzc2lvbiB0 cmFuc21pc3Npb25zIHRvIHRoZSBleHRlbnQgaW5zdHJ1Y3RlZDsgYW5kIA2g ICgzKSBNYWludGFpbiBhIHJlY29yZCwgY29udmVydGlibGUgdG8gdGhlIG9y aWdpbmFsIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uICh2b2ljZSwgdGVzdCwgaW1hZ2UsIGV0Yy4p IG9mIGFsbCBzcHJlYWQgc3BlY3RydW0gY29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbnMgdHJhbnNt aXR0ZWQuDQ0oZCkgVGhlIHRyYW5zbWl0dGVyIHBvd2VyIG11c3Qgbm90IGV4 Y2VlZCAxMDAgVyB1bmRlciBhbnkgY2lyY3Vtc3RhbmNlcy4NSWYgbW9yZSB0 aGFuIDEgVyBpcyB1c2VkLCBhdXRvbWF0aWMgdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgY29udHJv bCBzaGFsbCBsaW1pdCBvdXRwdXQgcG93ZXIgdG8gdGhhdCB3aGljaCBpcyBy ZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgdGhlIGNvbW11bmljYXRpb24uoCBUaGlzIHNoYWxsIGJl IGRldGVybWluZWQgYnkgdGhlIHVzZSBvZiB0aGUgcmF0aW8sIG1lYXN1cmVk IGF0IHRoZSByZWNlaXZlciygb2YgdGhlIHJlY2VpdmVkIGVuZXJneSBwZXIg dXNlciBkYXRhIGJpdCAoRWIpIHRvIHRoZSBzdW0gb2YgdGhlIHJlY2VpdmVk IHBvd2VyIHNwZWN0cmFsIGRlbnNpdGllcyBvZiBub2lzZSAoTjApIGFuZCBj by1jaGFubmVsoCBpbnRlcmZlcmVuY2UgKEkwKS6gIEF2ZXJhZ2UgdHJhbnNt aXR0ZXIgcG93ZXIgb3ZlciAxIFcgc2hhbGwgYmUgYXV0b21hdGljYWxseSBh ZGp1c3RlZCB0byBtYWludGFpbiBhbiBFYi8oTjArSTApIHJhdGlvIG9mIG5v IG1vcmWgdGhhbiAyMyBkQiBhdCB0aGUgaW50ZW5kZWQgcmVjZWl2ZXIuDQ0N DQ0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAEAEAACPBAAAkAQAALIEAACzBAAAtAQAAMEEAADCBAAA JAUAACUFAABBBQAAQgUAAEMFAABRBQAAUgUAAFcFAABZBQAAPgwAAE8MAABj DwAAcw8AAPEQAAD9EAAAjREAABMSAAA5EgAArhIAAL8SAADdEgAA5hIAAPIS AAC1FQAAvxUAAIIZAACUGQAAXh4AAG0eAACLIQAArSEAAA0kAAAhJAAAHigA AC0oAADdKAAA3igAAPYoAABKKQAASykAAHQpAAB1KQAAdikAAJEpAACSKQAA qSkAAOwpAABCKgAAQyoAAGMqAAD9APgA8Pjt+AD4AOX47fgA4ADcANwA3ADZ ANkA2QDZANwA1QDcANwA3ADcAM/HwLXAp7WitcDZnpWeAAAAABADagAAAAA2 CIFDShYAVQgBAAc2CIFDShYACDBKDwBDShYAABsCCIEDaq8BAAAGCAFDShYA T0oDAFFKAwBVCAEVA2oAAAAAQ0oWAE9KAwBRSgMAVQgBDENKFgBPSgMAUUoD AAAPNgiBQ0oWAE9KAwBRSgMACzUIgU9KAwBRSgMABjYIgV0IgQAEQ0oWAAAG NQiBXAiBAAhDSm0ARUj1/wAPAgiBA2q7AAAABggBVQgBBDBKDwAADwIIgQNq AAAAAAYIAVUIAQkDagAAAABVCAEEQ0ooADoABAAAJQQAAD8EAABABAAAVgQA AHMEAACPBAAAwwQAAMQEAADaBAAACAUAACQFAABTBQAAVAUAAFUFAABWBQAA VwUAAFkFAACbCQAAnAkAAD0MAAA+DAAATwwAAFAMAAAYDgAAGQ4AAGIPAAD6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD4AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAARhNACYITQ Ag0AAAYkARJkzPwAABsmICMkAixEGQA5RAIAAAEAAAAEAAADJAFhJAEAGgAE AAA3MgAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAABAQAAQEBYg8AAGMPAABzDwAAdA8AAPAQAADxEAAA/RAAAP4Q AABAEQAAQREAAEkRAABVEQAAWREAAGIRAABjEQAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD3AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA9wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHnEAgAAAAAAAAAAAAB+AAAWJAEXJAFJZgEA AAAClmwABdYYBAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAACNZGAAOU/6cDTgem EAAGEwQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAanAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABlgJ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABPWMAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAA AP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAABT2AQAAFTYBGtYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/ G9YMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HNYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HdYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/ NNYGAAEKA2wAYfYDAAAGAAAWJAFJZgEAAAAAAQAAAA5jEQAAZREAAGcRAABp EQAAaxEAAG0RAABvEQAAdBEAAHkRAAB+EQAAgxEAAIgRAACNEQAAExIAABQS AAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe2wCAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAB+AAAWJAEXJAFJZgEAAAAClmwABdYYBAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEA AAQBAAAEAQAACNZGAAOU/6cDTgemEAAGEwQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAan AwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABlgJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABPWMAAAAP8E AQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAABT2 AQAAFTYBGtYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/G9YMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/HNYMAAAA/wAA AP8AAAD/HdYMAAAA/wAAAP8AAAD/NNYGAAEKA2wAYfYDAAAGAAAWJAFJZgEA AAAADhQSAAAWEgAAGBIAABoSAAAdEgAAIBIAACUSAAAqEgAALxIAADQSAAA5 EgAArhIAAK8SAACyEgAAtRIAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe7wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH4AABYkARckAUlmAQAAAAKWbAAF 1hgEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAI1kYAA5T/pwNOB6YQAAYTBAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABqcDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGWAkAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAE9YwAAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAA AAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAFPYBAAAVNgEa1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP8b1gwAAAD/ AAAA/wAAAP8c1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP8d1gwAAAD/AAAA/wAAAP801gYAAQoD bABh9gMAAAYAABYkAUlmAQAAAAAOtRIAALoSAAC/EgAA3RIAAN4SAADhEgAA 5hIAAPISAADzEgAA9BIAAHAUAABxFAAAtBUAALUVAAC/FQAA+QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAe1QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPkA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHsAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAB5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAfgAA FiQBFyQBSWYBAAAAApZsAAXWGAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAQBAAAEAQAABAEAAAjW RgADlP+nA04HphAABhMEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGpwMAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAZYCQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAT1jAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAA AAAA/wQBAAAAAAD/BAEAAAAAAP8EAQAAAAAA/wQBAAAU9gEAABU2ARrWDAAA AP8AAAD/AAAA/xvWDAAAAP8AAAD/AAAA/xzWDAAAAP8AAAD/AAAA/x3WDAAA AP8AAAD/AAAA/zTWBgABCgNsAGH2AwAABgAAFiQBSWYBAAAAAA6/FQAAwRUA AEcWAABIFgAAXBYAAH8WAACTFgAAwhYAANsWAADyFgAABhcAACkXAABdFwAA XhcAAEkaAABLGgAATxsAAFAbAABMHQAATR0AAF0eAABeHgAAbR4AAG4eAABP HwAAUB8AAP8fAAAAIAAAiiEAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA /QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADzAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAAAAAAAA APMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADzAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACQAAD4SgBRGEYPpehKAF YIRg+gABAAAAHIohAACLIQAArSEAAK4hAADyIgAA8yIAAMsjAADMIwAADCQA AA0kAAAhJAAAIiQAABIlAAAKJgAACyYAAPgmAAD5JgAAHSgAAB4oAAAtKAAA LigAAL0oAAC+KAAA3SgAAN4oAABKKQAAkykAAKgpAACpKQAAQioAAP0AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABEQAAAQEAAAEAAAAdYyoAAGQqAABlKgAAeSoAAHoq AAB8KgAAhioAAIcqAABcKwAAXSsAAJIrAACTKwAAlysAAJgrAACZKwAAtysA ADMyAAA3MgAA9Ovl6+HUwtTCt8LUsrCssrAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGNQiBNgiBAAM2CIEJQioBcGgAAAAAFDBKDwBDShYAT0oA AFFKAABeSgAAACIDagAAAABCKgFDShYAT0oAAFFKAABVCAFeSgAAcGgAAAAA ABlCKgFDShYAT0oAAFFKAABeSgAAcGgAAAAABzYIgUNKFgALMEoPADYIgUNK FgAQA2oAAAAANgiBQ0oWAFUIAQAWAgiBA2pYAgAABggBNgiBQ0oWAFUIARFC KgAAeyoAAHwqAACXKwAAmCsAAJkrAACaKwAAmysAAJwrAACdKwAAnisAALYr AAC3KwAA7isAAO8rAAAILAAACSwAAK8tAACwLQAAMi4AAIQuAACFLgAA9C4A APUuAAAcLwAAZC8AAPMvAAD0LwAAPTAAADMyAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP0AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAPsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA+wAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAESAAABEQAAHTMyAAA0MgAANTIAADYyAAA3MgAA/QAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD9AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERAAAELwASMAAmUAkAMZD+ AB+whS4gsMJBIbCgBSKwoAUjkKAFJJCyBiWwAAAXsKAFGLCgBTYACTAAEjAA JlAJADGQ/gAfsIUuILDCQSGwoAUisKAFI5CgBSSQsgYlsAAAF7CgBRiwoAUL UAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAC7AAAARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQyep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kL AgAAABcAAAAOAAAAdwA0AHIAaQBAAGEAcgByAGwALgBvAHIAZwAAAODJ6nn5 us4RjIIAqgBLqQsqAAAAbQBhAGkAbAB0AG8AOgB3ADQAcgBpAEAAYQByAHIA bAAuAG8AcgBnAAAA9AAAAEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0Mnqefm6zhGM ggCqAEupCwIAAAABAAAAAwMAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARgIAZQAAAExvY2FsIFNl dHRpbmdzXFRlbXBvcmFyeSBJbnRlcm5ldCBGaWxlc1xMb2NhbCBTZXR0aW5n c1xUZW1wb3JhcnkgSW50ZXJuZXQgRmlsZXNcT0xLMTVcazhvY2xAYXJybC5u ZXQA//+t3gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKkAAABEAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAANDJ6nn5us4RjIIAqgBLqQsCAAAAAwAAAODJ6nn5us4RjIIA qgBLqQs4AAAAaAB0AHQAcAA6AC8ALwB3AHcAdwAuAGgAdQBuAGcAcgB5AG0A aQBuAGQAcwAuAGMAbwBtAC8AAACbAAAARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQ yep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kLAgAAAAMAAADgyep5+brOEYyCAKoAS6kLKgAAAGgA dAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBhAHIAcgBsAC4AbwByAGcALwAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAFAATAAoAAQBpAA8AAwAAAAAAAAAAADgAAEDx/wIAOAAMAAYATgBv AHIAbQBhAGwAAAACAAAAGABDShgAX0gBBGFKGABtSAkIc0gJCHRICQQ4AAFA AQACADgADAAJAEgAZQBhAGQAaQBuAGcAIAAxAAAACAABAAYkAUAmAAsANQiB T0oDAFFKAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwAQUDy/6EAPAAMABYARABlAGYA YQB1AGwAdAAgAFAAYQByAGEAZwByAGEAcABoACAARgBvAG4AdAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAuAFVAogDxAC4ADAAJAEgAeQBwAGUAcgBsAGkAbgBrAAAADAA+KgFC KgJwaAAA/wA+AFZAogABAT4ADAARAEYAbwBsAGwAbwB3AGUAZABIAHkAcABl AHIAbABpAG4AawAAAAwAPioBQioMcGiAAIAAMgBCQAEAEgEyAAwACQBCAG8A ZAB5ACAAVABlAHgAdAAAAAIAEQALADYIgU9KAwBRSgMAAIwAZUABACIBjAAM ABEASABUAE0ATAAgAFAAcgBlAGYAbwByAG0AYQB0AHQAZQBkAAAANwASAA3G MgAQlAMoB7wKUA7kEXgVDBmgHDQgyCNcJ/AqhC4YMqw1QDkAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAACAAQ0oUAE9KBABQSgQAUUoEAF5KBABhShQAbUgJBHNICQQAAAAA VwEAADcuAAAFAABMAAAGAP////8FADFMAAAGAP////8AAAAAJQAAAD8AAABA AAAAVgAAAHMAAACPAAAAwwAAAMQAAADaAAAACAEAACQBAABTAQAAVAEAAFUB AABWAQAAVwEAAFkBAACbBQAAnAUAAD0IAAA+CAAATwgAAFAIAAAYCgAAGQoA AGILAABjCwAAcwsAAHQLAADwDAAA8QwAAP0MAAD+DAAAQA0AAEENAABJDQAA WQ0AAGINAABjDQAAZQ0AAGcNAABpDQAAaw0AAG0NAABvDQAAjQ0AABMOAAAU DgAAFg4AACAOAAAlDgAAKg4AAC8OAAA0DgAAOQ4AAK4OAACvDgAAsg4AALUO AAC/DgAA3Q4AAN4OAADhDgAA5g4AAPIOAADzDgAA9A4AAHAQAABxEAAAtBEA ALURAAC/EQAAwREAAEcSAABIEgAAXBIAAH8SAACTEgAAwhIAANsSAADyEgAA BhMAACkTAABdEwAAXhMAAEkWAABLFgAATxcAAFAXAABMGQAATRkAAF0aAABe GgAAbRoAAG4aAABPGwAAUBsAAP8bAAAAHAAAih0AAIsdAACtHQAArh0AAPIe AADzHgAAyx8AAMwfAAAMIAAADSAAACEgAAAiIAAAEiEAAAoiAAALIgAA+CIA APkiAAAdJAAAHiQAAC0kAAAuJAAAvSQAAL4kAADdJAAA3iQAAEolAACTJQAA qCUAAKklAABCJgAAeyYAAHwmAACXJwAAmCcAAJknAACaJwAAmycAAJwnAACd JwAAnicAALYnAAC3JwAA7icAAO8nAAAIKAAACSgAAK8pAACwKQAAMioAAIQq AACFKgAA9CoAAPUqAAAcKwAAZCsAAPMrAAD0KwAAPSwAADMuAAA0LgAANS4A ADYuAAA5LgAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAYAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmkAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAqwAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA qQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAqQAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA CAAAAAEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA mAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABIwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAA mAAAABIwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACAmAAAABEwAAAA AAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIBAJAAAmAAAABEwAAAAAAAAAIAAAACA AAQAAGMqAAA3MgAAGgAAACMAAAAABAAAYg8AAGMRAAAUEgAAtRIAAL8VAACK IQAAQioAADMyAAA3MgAAGwAAAB0AAAAeAAAAHwAAACAAAAAhAAAAIgAAACQA AAAlAAAAAAQAADcyAAAcAAAAjwAAALMAAADBAAAAJAEAAEIBAABRAQAASiUA AHUlAACRJQAAQiYAAGQmAAB5JgAAhiYAAFwnAACSJwAANy4AABNYFP8VgBNY dP8VgBNYdP8VhBNYFP8VjBNYVP8VjAAAAACPAAAAwgAAAMwAAADSAAAAJAEA AFMBAAD4AQAA/gEAAAgEAAANBAAAYAcAAGUHAACGBwAAiwcAALYIAAC5CAAA 9gkAAPkJAABGCgAASQoAAH4MAACBDAAAIA0AACYNAABJDQAATw0AAHsPAACB DwAAFRAAABwQAACGFwAAjBcAAKcdAACsHQAA/yMAAAQkAAASJQAAGSUAADYt AAA4LQAA8i0AAPQtAAA5LgAABwAEAAcAHAAHAAQABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAc AAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAcAAcAHAAHABwA BwAcAAcAHAAHABwABwAAAAAAjwAAAMIAAAAkAQAAUwEAAPoPAAAEEAAAnhMA AKMTAABCGQAAShkAAKklAAAuJgAAiigAALEoAAAyKgAANioAABorAAAbKwAA gy0AAJgtAAA5LgAABwAEAAcABAAHADMABwAzAAcAMwAHADMABwAzAAcAMwAH ADMABwAzAAcA//8UAAAADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQA bwBVAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBXAFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBv AG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMAcgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwA QQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQByAHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBF AEUARQAgADgAMAAyACAAKABmAGkAbgBhAGwAKQA1AC4AYQBzAGQADwBQAGEA dQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwBVAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBX AFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBvAG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMA cgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwAQQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQBy AHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyACAAKABmAGkA bgBhAGwAKQA1AC4AYQBzAGQADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBs AGQAbwAmAEMAOgBcAGUAdQBkAG8AcgBhAFwAYQB0AHQAYQBjAGgAXABJAEUA RQBFACAAOAAwADIAIAAoAGYAaQBuAGEAbAApADUALgBkAG8AYwAPAFAAYQB1 AGwAIABMAC4AIABSAGkAbgBhAGwAZABvACcAQwA6AFwATQB5ACAARABvAGMA dQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAXABJAEUARQBFACAAOAAwADIAYQBzAHMAdQBiAG0AaQB0 AHQAZQBkAC4AZABvAGMADwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQA bwBXAEMAOgBcAFcASQBOAEQATwBXAFMAXABBAHAAcABsAGkAYwBhAHQAaQBv AG4AIABEAGEAdABhAFwATQBpAGMAcgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAXABXAG8AcgBkAFwA QQB1AHQAbwBSAGUAYwBvAHYAZQByAHkAIABzAGEAdgBlACAAbwBmACAASQBF AEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBtAGkAdAB0AGUAZAAuAGEAcwBkAA8A UABhAHUAbAAgAEwALgAgAFIAaQBuAGEAbABkAG8AJwBDADoAXABNAHkAIABE AG8AYwB1AG0AZQBuAHQAcwBcAEkARQBFAEUAIAA4ADAAMgBhAHMAcwB1AGIA bQBpAHQAdABlAGQALgBkAG8AYwAPAFAAYQB1AGwAIABMAC4AIABSAGkAbgBh AGwAZABvACcAQwA6AFwATQB5ACAARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAXABJAEUA RQBFACAAOAAwADIAYQBzAHMAdQBiAG0AaQB0AHQAZQBkAC4AZABvAGMADwBQ AGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwAnAEMAOgBcAE0AeQAgAEQA bwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABzAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBt AGkAdAB0AGUAZAAuAGQAbwBjAAsASgBvAGgAbgAgAEMAaABhAG0AcABhAGIA QwA6AFwARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAIABhAG4AZAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBu AGcAcwBcAGMAaABhAG0AcABhAGoAagBcAE0AeQAgAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4A dABzAFwAQQBSAFIATAAgAC0AIAAgAEgAUwBNAE0AIABXAG8AcgBrAGkAbgBn ACAARwByAG8AdQBwAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAGEAcwBzAHUAYgBtAGkA dAB0AGUAZAAuAGQAbwBjAAsASgBvAGgAbgAgAEMAaABhAG0AcABhAFsAQwA6 AFwARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AHMAIABhAG4AZAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBuAGcA cwBcAGMAaABhAG0AcABhAGoAagBcAE0AeQAgAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABz AFwAQQBSAFIATAAgAC0AIAAgAEgAUwBNAE0AIABXAG8AcgBrAGkAbgBnACAA RwByAG8AdQBwAFwASQBFAEUARQAgADgAMAAyAC0AUQBFAFgALgBkAG8AYwAA AAAAQQ0AAEkNAABZDQAAYg0AAGMNAABvDQAAjQ0AABMOAAAUDgAAIA4AADkO AACuDgAArw4AALUOAAC/DgAA3Q4AAN4OAADhDgAA5g4AAPIOAADzDgAAOS4A AAAAAAAIAAAAAgEAAAIBAAACAQAAngEAAAIBAAACAQAAAgEAAJ4BAAACAQAA AgEAAAIBAACeAQAAAgEAAAIBAAACAQAAngEAAAIBAAACAQAAAgEAAJYBAAD/ QAGAAQBTAQAAUwEAAIjAdAABAAEAUwEAAAAAAABTAQAAAAAAAAIQAAAAAAAA ADcuAABQAAAIAEAAAP//AQAAAAcAVQBuAGsAbgBvAHcAbgD//wEACAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA//8BAAAAAAD//wAAAgD//wAAAAD//wAAAgD//wAAAAAFAAAARxaQ AQAAAgIGAwUEBQIDBId6ACAAAACACAAAAAAAAAD/AQAAAAAAAFQAaQBtAGUA cwAgAE4AZQB3ACAAUgBvAG0AYQBuAAAANRaQAQIABQUBAgEHBgIFBwAAAAAA AAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAFMAeQBtAGIAbwBsAAAAMyaQAQAAAgsGBAIC AgICBId6ACAAAACACAAAAAAAAAD/AQAAAAAAAEEAcgBpAGEAbAAAAEUWkAEA AAICBgMFBAUCAwSHegAgAAAAgAgAAAAAAAAA/wEAAAAAAABUAGkAbQBlAHMA IABOAGUAdwAgACgAVwAxACkAAABJJpABgAACCwYEAgICAgIE/////////+k/ AAAAAAAAAP8APwAAAAAAQQByAGkAYQBsACAAVQBuAGkAYwBvAGQAZQAgAE0A UwAAACIABAAxCIgAAPDQAuQEaAEAAAAAsbNohrGzaIb6gWimAgABAAAArwYA ABsmAAABABMAAAAEAAMQUQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAhAwDw EAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACg BaAFuwB/AIKAEjAAABAAGQBkAAAAGQAAAMsuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAyg1EA8BAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAD//xIAAAAAAAAAIABPAG4AIABBAG0AYQB0AGUAdQByACAAUgBh AGQAaQBvACAAVQBzAGUAIABvAGYAIABJAEUARQBFACAAOAAwADIAAAAAAAAA DwBQAGEAdQBsACAATAAuACAAUgBpAG4AYQBsAGQAbwALAEoAbwBoAG4AIABD AGgAYQBtAHAAYQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/v8AAAUAAgAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAOCFn/L5T2gQq5EIACsns9kwAAAAqAEAABIA AAABAAAAmAAAAAIAAACgAAAAAwAAAMwAAAAEAAAA2AAAAAUAAADwAAAABgAA APwAAAAHAAAACAEAAAgAAAAcAQAACQAAADABAAASAAAAPAEAAAoAAABYAQAA CwAAAGQBAAAMAAAAcAEAAA0AAAB8AQAADgAAAIgBAAAPAAAAkAEAABAAAACY AQAAEwAAAKABAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAhAAAAT24gQW1hdGV1ciBSYWRpbyBV c2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIAcm9zHgAAAAEAAAAAbiBBHgAAABAAAABQYXVsIEwu IFJpbmFsZG8AHgAAAAEAAAAAYXVsHgAAAAEAAAAAYXVsHgAAAAsAAABOb3Jt YWwuZG90AGEeAAAADAAAAEpvaG4gQ2hhbXBhAB4AAAACAAAAMgBobh4AAAAT AAAATWljcm9zb2Z0IFdvcmQgOS4wAGVAAAAAAEbDIwAAAABAAAAAABTYKhxF wgFAAAAAAPbTkwxKwgFAAAAAAPbTkwxKwgEDAAAAAQAAAAMAAACvBgAAAwAA ABsmAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP7/AAAFAAIA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAC1c3VnC4bEJOXCAArLPmuRAAAAAXVzdWc LhsQk5cIACss+a5QAQAADAEAAAwAAAABAAAAaAAAAA8AAABwAAAABQAAAIAA AAAGAAAAiAAAABEAAACQAAAAFwAAAJgAAAALAAAAoAAAABAAAACoAAAAEwAA ALAAAAAWAAAAuAAAAA0AAADAAAAADAAAAO0AAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAFAAAA QVJSTAAAdwADAAAAUQAAAAMAAAATAAAAAwAAAMsuAAADAAAAMhEJAAsAAAAA AAAACwAAAAAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAsAAAAAAAAAHhAAAAEAAAAhAAAAT24gQW1h dGV1ciBSYWRpbyBVc2Ugb2YgSUVFRSA4MDIADBAAAAIAAAAeAAAABgAAAFRp dGxlAAMAAAABAAAAACwEAAADAAAAAAAAACAAAAABAAAAOAAAAAIAAABAAAAA AQAAAAIAAAAMAAAAX1BJRF9ITElOS1MAAgAAAOQEAABBAAAA5AMAAB4AAAAD AAAAGgASAAMAAAAMAAAAAwAAAAAAAAADAAAABQAAAB8AAAC5AAAAaAB0AHQA cAA6AC8ALwAyADAAOQAuADEAOAA1AC4AMgA0ADAALgAyADUAMAAvAGMAZwBp AC0AYgBpAG4ALwBsAGkAbgBrAHIAZAA/AF8AbABhAG4AZwA9AEUATgAmAGwA YQBoAD0AMgBjADUAZQBkADkAZAAwADEAMQA3AGQAYwA3ADYAYgA0ADIAZQBm ADQAZgA0ADgAZgA2ADEANgA0AGIAYgBkACYAbABhAHQAPQAxADAAMgA5ADMA OAA0ADkAOAA4ACYAaABtAF8AXwBfAGEAYwB0AGkAbwBuAD0AaAB0AHQAcAAl ADMAYQAlADIAZgAlADIAZgB3AHcAdwAlADIAZQBxAHMAbAAlADIAZQBuAGUA dAAlADIAZgBrAGIAOQBtAHcAcgAlADIAZgBwAHIAbwBqAGUAYwB0AHMAJQAy AGYAdwBpAHIAZQBsAGUAcwBzACUAMgBmAHAAbABhAG4AJQAyAGUAaAB0AG0A bAAAAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAAAEYASwADAAAACQAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAA AAUAAAAfAAAAFQAAAGgAdAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBhAHIAcgBsAC4A bwByAGcALwAAAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAAAHcAIQADAAAABgAAAAMAAAAA AAAAAwAAAAUAAAAfAAAAHAAAAGgAdAB0AHAAOgAvAC8AdwB3AHcALgBoAHUA bgBnAHIAeQBtAGkAbgBkAHMALgBjAG8AbQAvAAAAHwAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAwAA AF0AQgADAAAAAwAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAUAAAAfAAAAawAAAC4ALgBcAC4A LgBcAEwAbwBjAGEAbAAgAFMAZQB0AHQAaQBuAGcAcwBcAFQAZQBtAHAAbwBy AGEAcgB5ACAASQBuAHQAZQByAG4AZQB0ACAARgBpAGwAZQBzAFwATABvAGMA YQBsACAAUwBlAHQAdABpAG4AZwBzAFwAVABlAG0AcABvAHIAYQByAHkAIABJ AG4AdABlAHIAbgBlAHQAIABGAGkAbABlAHMAXABPAEwASwAxADUAXABrADgA bwBjAGwAQABhAHIAcgBsAC4AbgBlAHQAAAAAAB8AAAABAAAAAAAAAAMAAABY ADEAAwAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAFAAAAHwAAABUAAABtAGEAaQBsAHQA bwA6AHcANAByAGkAQABhAHIAcgBsAC4AbwByAGcAAAAAAB8AAAABAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAgAA AAMAAAAEAAAABQAAAAYAAAAHAAAACAAAAAkAAAAKAAAACwAAAAwAAAANAAAA DgAAAA8AAAAQAAAAEQAAABIAAAATAAAAFAAAABUAAAAWAAAAFwAAABgAAAAZ AAAAGgAAABsAAAAcAAAAHQAAAB4AAAAfAAAAIAAAACEAAAAiAAAAIwAAACQA AAAlAAAAJgAAAP7///8oAAAAKQAAACoAAAArAAAALAAAAC0AAAAuAAAA/v// /zAAAAAxAAAAMgAAADMAAAA0AAAANQAAADYAAAA3AAAAOAAAADkAAAA6AAAA OwAAADwAAAA9AAAA/v///z8AAABAAAAAQQAAAEIAAABDAAAARAAAAEUAAAD+ ////RwAAAEgAAABJAAAASgAAAEsAAABMAAAATQAAAP7////9////UAAAAP7/ ///+/////v////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////1IAbwBvAHQAIABFAG4AdAByAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWAAUB//////////8DAAAA BgkCAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPASaZwMSsIBUgAAAIAAAAAA AAAARABhAHQAYQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAoAAgH///////////////8AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnAAAAABAAAAAAAAAxAFQA YQBiAGwAZQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADgACAAEAAAD//////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC8AAAD7HQAAAAAAAFcAbwByAGQARABv AGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAaAAIBBgAAAAUAAAD/////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGlMAAAAAAAABQBTAHUAbQBtAGEAcgB5AEkA bgBmAG8AcgBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ACgAAgH///////////////8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA+AAAAABAAAAAAAAAFAEQAbwBjAHUAbQBlAG4AdABTAHUAbQBt AGEAcgB5AEkAbgBmAG8AcgBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOAACAQQA AAD//////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AEYAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAEAQwBvAG0AcABPAGIAagAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASAAIBAgAAAAcAAAD/ ////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGoA AAAAAAAATwBiAGoAZQBjAHQAUABvAG8AbAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABYAAQD///////////////8AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPASaZwMSsIB8BJpnAxKwgEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB AAAA/v////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////wEA/v8DCgAA/////wYJAgAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAEYY AAAATWljcm9zb2Z0IFdvcmQgRG9jdW1lbnQACgAAAE1TV29yZERvYwAQAAAA V29yZC5Eb2N1bWVudC44APQ5snEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ------=_NextPart_000_7550_1e3a_5f24-- --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 08:45:26 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA16735 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:45:23 -0500 (CDT) Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:44:30 -0400 From: Robert McGwier Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Terrific. I stand corrected. ARRL 802.11b it is. Bob -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Champa Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 2:26 AM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net; ekarlk@yahoo.com; k8it@cac.net; kb8qje@yahoo.com; ke8z@arrl.net; kpearce1@ix.netcom.com; prinaldo@arrl.org; rbeard@browcom.net; rjackson@cablespeed.com; tony@axom.com Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard Bob, Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, but here are some additional details.... YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, and the ARRL Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth full! (HI) Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL 802.11. 73, John - K8OCL Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 09:46:42 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA18547 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:46:41 -0500 (CDT) From: "Steven Bible" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 07:45:59 -0700 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Everyone, Better check with the lawyers (real ones), the term "IEEE 802" is a registered trademark of the IEEE. (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL 802.11b" alters that trademark and I don't believe this is going to work. - Steve, N7HPR (n7hpr@tapr.org) > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Robert McGwier > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 6:45 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard > rg> > > > > Terrific. I stand corrected. ARRL 802.11b it is. > > Bob > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Champa > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 2:26 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net; ekarlk@yahoo.com; k8it@cac.net; > kb8qje@yahoo.com; ke8z@arrl.net; kpearce1@ix.netcom.com; > prinaldo@arrl.org; rbeard@browcom.net; rjackson@cablespeed.com; > tony@axom.com > Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard > > > Bob, > > Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, > but here are > some additional details.... > > YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, > and the ARRL > Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, > including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. > Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG > which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the > standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth > full! (HI) > > > Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL > 802.11. > > 73, John - K8OCL > Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group > > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: n7hpr@tapr.org > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 09:57:16 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA18951 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:57:12 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:56:00 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 17 Oct 2002 14:56:00.0757 (UTC) FILETIME=[4EAEC250:01C275ED] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Not likely.... From: "Steven Bible" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" CC: Subject: RE: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 07:46:37 -0700 Everyone, Better check with the lawyers (real ones), the term "IEEE 802" is a registered trademark of the IEEE. (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL 802.11b" alters that trademark and I don't believe this is going to work. - Steve, N7HPR (n7hpr@tapr.org) > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Robert McGwier > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 6:45 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard > rg> > > > > Terrific. I stand corrected. ARRL 802.11b it is. > > Bob > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Champa > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 2:26 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net; ekarlk@yahoo.com; k8it@cac.net; > kb8qje@yahoo.com; ke8z@arrl.net; kpearce1@ix.netcom.com; > prinaldo@arrl.org; rbeard@browcom.net; rjackson@cablespeed.com; > tony@axom.com > Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard > > > Bob, > > Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, > but here are > some additional details.... > > YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, > and the ARRL > Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, > including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. > Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG > which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the > standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth > full! (HI) > > > Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL > 802.11. > > 73, John - K8OCL > Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group > > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: n7hpr@tapr.org > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > _________________________________________________________________ Choose an Internet access plan right for you -- try MSN! http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/default.asp --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 10:12:39 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA19743 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:12:31 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:11:58 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210171511.g9HFBwD09966@mail2.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Steve, You certainly have a good point and the League has a very good attorney on staff and some great attonies as members. My contracting experience tells me that if you change the trademark by over 1/3 you are probably Ok as long as it helps identify your product with another product. But that only applies to products that are being sold. If the League is not selling a product, only using the "name" to make identification of a subset of a standard, I don't think there is a problem. If however, the ARRL sells the protocol, then there might be a problem. We could call it "802.11 Optimized for the ARRL" (Keyword ARRL802.11). Ok, I'm leaving for the contracting new year's picinc now...its FY03. Walt PS, don't Xerox this. > Everyone, > > Better check with the lawyers (real ones), the term "IEEE 802" is a > registered trademark of the IEEE. > > (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL 802.11b" alters that trademark and I > don't believe this is going to work. > > - Steve, N7HPR > (n7hpr@tapr.org) > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org > > [mailto:bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Robert McGwier > > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 6:45 AM > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard > > > rg> > > > > > > > > Terrific. I stand corrected. ARRL 802.11b it is. > > > > Bob > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Champa > > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 2:26 AM > > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > > Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net; ekarlk@yahoo.com; k8it@cac.net; > > kb8qje@yahoo.com; ke8z@arrl.net; kpearce1@ix.netcom.com; > > prinaldo@arrl.org; rbeard@browcom.net; rjackson@cablespeed.com; > > tony@axom.com > > Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard > > > > > > Bob, > > > > Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, > > but here are > > some additional details.... > > > > YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, > > and the ARRL > > Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, > > including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. > > Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG > > which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the > > standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth > > full! (HI) > > > > > > Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL > > 802.11. > > > > 73, John - K8OCL > > Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: n7hpr@tapr.org > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 10:29:33 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA20441 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:29:32 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:28:44 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 17 Oct 2002 15:28:44.0976 (UTC) FILETIME=[E172CB00:01C275F1] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Steve, Sorry, not trying to be curt. It's just a handle so we can discuss differences between the two. We don't plan to copywrite, trade mark, or service mark anything. And so, far IEEE doesn't seem to care as we are not in the for-profit business either. We'll see. More to the point, how should ARRL 802.11b differ from it's namesake??? Now, there we could use some suggestions! Thanks and 73, John - K8OCL From: "Steven Bible" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" CC: Subject: RE: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 07:46:37 -0700 Everyone, Better check with the lawyers (real ones), the term "IEEE 802" is a registered trademark of the IEEE. (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL 802.11b" alters that trademark and I don't believe this is going to work. - Steve, N7HPR (n7hpr@tapr.org) > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-5189@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Robert McGwier > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 6:45 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard > rg> > > > > Terrific. I stand corrected. ARRL 802.11b it is. > > Bob > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of John Champa > Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 2:26 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Cc: cuddeback@qwest.net; ekarlk@yahoo.com; k8it@cac.net; > kb8qje@yahoo.com; ke8z@arrl.net; kpearce1@ix.netcom.com; > prinaldo@arrl.org; rbeard@browcom.net; rjackson@cablespeed.com; > tony@axom.com > Subject: [ss] The ARRL 802.11b Standard > > > Bob, > > Nice to hear from you. I think Walt's response was excellent, > but here are > some additional details.... > > YES, is the answer to all your questions. The ARRL in general, > and the ARRL > Technology Task Force in particular, is heavily supporting our efforts, > including Ed at the lab, so the new protocol's title is most appropriate. > Weber State is loaning equipment, too, but none of the members of the WG > which includes a Weber State prof. objected to the proposal to call the > standard after the ARRL. And, why not? The IEEE is just as much a mouth > full! (HI) > > > Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL > 802.11. > > 73, John - K8OCL > Chairman, ARRL High Speed Multimedia Working Group > > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: n7hpr@tapr.org > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > _________________________________________________________________ Internet access plans that fit your lifestyle -- join MSN. http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/default.asp --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 11:42:46 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA23017 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:42:45 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Jeff Edmonson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:41:44 -0500 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-RAVMilter-Version: 8.4.1(snapshot 20020919) (w5omr) List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <009f01c275fc$1457c520$0200a8c0@hamhome.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Everyone, > > Better check with the lawyers (real ones), the term "IEEE 802" is a > registered trademark of the IEEE. > > (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL 802.11b" alters that trademark and I > don't believe this is going to work. > > - Steve, N7HPR > (n7hpr@tapr.org) no no no... That's like saying I can't have a business named "Jeff's Fatso Burgers" because there's a "Jack's Fatso Burgers" out there already that's registered. The two are -different-. If the term "IEEE 802" is registered, then it'd be different from "ARRL 7802.11b". 73 = Best Regards, -=Jeff/W5OMR=- --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 14:45:19 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA03888 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 14:45:17 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: kilo.mike@gte.net Subject: [ss] ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 15:44:34 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 17 Oct 2002 19:44:34.0662 (UTC) FILETIME=[9E930060:01C27615] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Steve, Bless you, sir, for getting us back on track. So, here are some of the parameters we have tentatively established so far regarding what we as Hams should be doing with the Part 97 application of the technology: --Operation only on a center frequency of 2437 Mhz (Channel 6 under Part 15) for both stations and nodes. RATIONALE: Use of this frequency keeps the outside edge of the 22 MHz wide DSSS away from the upper end of the Ham band, and it puts as much of the signal as possible within the portion of the 2.4 GHz Ham band allocated according to the ARRL band plan for use by digital spread spectrum. The roughly other half of the signal would occupy a currently un-used satellite sub-band and an ATV channel. This keeps the packets away from the weak signal work and the AO-40 operations at the other end of the band. NOTE: The HSMM Experimenters Team has filed for repeater coordination with the Michigan Area Repeater Council (MARC) for use of the 2437 MHz center frequency for temporary experimental purposes. --No encryption of any kind shall be used, e.g., the AP's USB Config Utility should set the encryption to "disable". --The AP Name and/or the wireless ESSID should be set to the station's amateur callsign as issued by the FCC (all caps). --Use of horizontally polarized antennas shall be the norm (most Part 15 users have vertically polarized antennas). --Access filter(s) shall be employed to accept packets only with an identifiable amateur callsign in some frame of the header. --Automatic RF power control must be used whenever RF power output over 1 watt is employed. This automatic control methodology should be of the most simple design possible, e.g. whenever the fragmentation threshold and/or RTS threshold reaches a certain upper limit, the RF power output shall be decreased by 3 dB, etc. -- RF power output in excess of 100 watts is not acceptable. Well, it's not much, but that is about how far we have gotten...in writing, at least. Additional constructive input to the protocol design would be most welcomed. The ARRL HSMM WG member responsible for protocol development is Kris Mraz, N5KM, [kilo.mike@gte.net]. Kris is working up a "Call for Papers" to be published soon requesting specific design, software, etc. input from the amateur community in the development of a suitable protocol, exactly as the early AX.25 Team did years ago. So TAPR can take this as a pre-call call for help! (HI). Thanks and vy 73, John Champa - K8OCL Chairman, ARRL HSMM Working Group From: "Steven Bible" Reply-To: n7hpr@tapr.org To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group CC: k8ocl@hotmail.com Subject: Re: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:26:29 -0700 Everyone, Now the topic is degenerating. That's not what I ment when I sent the post. It was ment to be a friendly help and backup. Let's get off this topic as it is not technical in nature. This is the SS list, it is better that a discussion of what the proposed protocol is and discuss the technical merits. Let's not waste the bandwidth on trival matters such as naming and handles. It's what's inside that counts. ...back to our regularly scheduled "technical" program... 73, - Steve N7HPR On Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:41:44 -0500 Jeff Edmonson wrote: > > > > Everyone, > > > > Better check with the lawyers (real ones), > the term "IEEE 802" is a > > registered trademark of the IEEE. > > > > (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL > 802.11b" alters that trademark and I > > don't believe this is going to work. > > > > - Steve, N7HPR > > (n7hpr@tapr.org) > > no no no... > That's like saying I can't have a business > named "Jeff's Fatso Burgers" because > there's a > "Jack's Fatso Burgers" out there already that's > registered. The two > are -different-. > > If the term "IEEE 802" is registered, then it'd > be different from "ARRL > 7802.11b". > > 73 = Best Regards, > -=Jeff/W5OMR=- > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: > n7hpr@tapr.org > To unsubscribe send a blank email to > leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > _________________________________________________________________ Unlimited Internet access for only $21.95/month.  Try MSN! http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/2monthsfree.asp --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 18:40:45 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id SAA14235 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 18:40:43 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: kilo.mike@gte.net Subject: [ss] RE: ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 09:39:59 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id SAA14235 > --No encryption of any kind shall be used, e.g., the AP's USB > Config Utility > should set the encryption to "disable". > --The AP Name and/or the wireless ESSID should be set to the > station's > amateur callsign as issued by the FCC (all caps). > --Use of horizontally polarized antennas shall be the norm > (most Part 15 > users have vertically polarized antennas). One thing I haven't seen addressed here is authentication. MAC based filtering isn't really good enough, as anyone with a bit of knowledge (and most of these people are running systems such as Linux, where a new MAC address is only an iwconfig away) would be easily able to jump onto the network. There's actually a large number of technically aware people getting into 802.11b these days. Most (at least here) would be likely to respect the ham network - in fact, I have a number of them expressing varying degrees of interest in getting their ticket, and these people have a similar experimentally minded attitude and like to tinker with antennas, protocols and the like. I (and a few other hams) are personally involved with some of these groups, because they have a lot in common with us, and I feel they represent where the next generation of ham is going to come from. Setting the ESSID to the amateur callsign would break things (since the ESSID defines the scope of the network), from what I understand, but you could set the station name and/or MAC address to the amateur callsign easily. I wouldn't want to see frequent network violations lead to an end to the band sharing arrangement (hams would be the ones who'd have to move), but instead would rather like to see if we can develop a way to be reasonably secure (from non ham access), while sharing the band with everyone else. Just a few first impression thoughts. --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.401 / Virus Database: 226 - Release Date: 9/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 17 21:45:54 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA23320 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 21:45:52 -0500 (CDT) From: "Steven Bible" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: The ARRL 802.11b Standard Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 19:45:12 -0700 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Lyris didn't like me posting from the web. Here's what I sent earlier today. I'm sure everyone saw it in John's reply. This is to close the loop(hole). 73, - Steve N7HPR ------------------------------------- Everyone, Now the topic is degenerating. That's not what I ment when I sent the post. It was ment to be a friendly help and backup. Let's get off this topic as it is not technical in nature. This is the SS list, it is better that a discussion of what the proposed protocol is and discuss the technical merits. Let's not waste the bandwidth on trival matters such as naming and handles. It's what's inside that counts. ...back to our regularly scheduled "technical" program... 73, - Steve N7HPR On Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:41:44 -0500 Jeff Edmonson wrote: > > > > Everyone, > > > > Better check with the lawyers (real ones), > the term "IEEE 802" is a > > registered trademark of the IEEE. > > > > (And I am not a lawyer) the name "ARRL > 802.11b" alters that trademark and I > > don't believe this is going to work. > > > > - Steve, N7HPR > > (n7hpr@tapr.org) > > no no no... > That's like saying I can't have a business > named "Jeff's Fatso Burgers" because > there's a > "Jack's Fatso Burgers" out there already that's > registered. The two > are -different-. > > If the term "IEEE 802" is registered, then it'd > be different from "ARRL > 7802.11b". > > 73 = Best Regards, > -=Jeff/W5OMR=- > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: > n7hpr@tapr.org > To unsubscribe send a blank email to > leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 07:13:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA12284 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 07:13:54 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 08:13:17 -0400 From: "Eric S. Johansson" User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DAFFADD.9010208@harvee.billerica.ma.us> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Anthony N Martin wrote: > OpenAP - http://opensource.instant802.com/ > > They found a hardware platform that is sufficiently > standard and common. It's a board with AMD x86 CPU, > RAM, Flash, PCMCIA WLAN card, and Realtek ethernet > controller. Sold in several disguises as a WLAN AP. > > And it supports an existing software develoment > platform, device drivers, protocol stacks etc (linux) > > Don't know how long it'll be about though, now that > AP functionality has been put in the WLAN baseband > chipsets. I was aware that project. However, my point still remains that TAPR should probably look at either adopting, negotiating for extra life, etc. whatever it takes to bring this kind of standard platform into the amateur community. Think of it as the spread spectrum version of a TNC. > But the concept of meshes with omni antennas > assumes a sufficient density of amateurs of > one every 100 metre square in urban areas. > (assuming WLAN 802.11 type devices) I don't think > this can be met at present. > > A mesh with say 4 small yagis and APs for each > (ie. 4 point-to-point links) could be built > at one amateur per 2km, much more realistic. > This requires mesh packet routing but on-air > involves no special mesh protocols. I respectfully disagree. No matter what the antenna design, a self organizing mesh network will make it easier for less technical hams to participate and can help reduce a some of the routing politics so common in the packet networks. also, I have a sneaking suspicion that you live where there are no trees. ;-) at my QTH, I can see four neighbors out of 15. In order to see more than a few hundred meters, I would need to put up at least 90 foot tower. Most of my neighbors would also need to put up 90 foot tower's just to be able to see me. As for the proposed two kilometer paths, at 0.3 DB per meter attenuation from trees, a 2km path typically has about 200db to 300 DB loss in this neighborhood above and beyond any free space or cable losses. sucks to be me on 2.4ghz. > There is, of course, no need to be an amateur to > join a WLAN-based mesh network, so getting the > required numbers of people involved from a community > may be less of a problem if you retain unlicenced > status. agreed. That's why I think most of the interesting high-speed data service work is being done in the part 15 space. the people developing community owned networks recognize the value in unlicensed operation for the average participant. They also recognize that the content restrictions of part 97 are unacceptable which is further reason for staying with part 15. I'm beginning to think that the amateur radio community shouldn't do anything with high-speed data movement at GHz frequencies but instead should focus on HF and VHF Digital voice plus medium speed data. If the mesh community folks make as much progress as I think they will in the next five years, it is highly likely that disaster traffic will be carried by part 15 meshes instead of the amateur radio infrastructure. I can easily see the day when we will show up with HT's in hand only to be told don't bother because they have their mesh connected blackberry units for e-mail, messaging, and voice all running over solar powered part 15 mesh networks nodes scattered about the disaster landscape. I think what's happening here is the same thing has happened to many a "high-priced" or high-end technology. The market is cannibalized by a lower cost, more generally useful technology and the high-priced spread is left servicing only special niches. The question is how to deal with it. > If amateurs are suggesting an "amateur" ammendment > to the 802.11 protocol to support licence compliance > it would seem desirable that it have a feature set > that made it internationally acceptable, rather than > just "FCC" or "ARRL band plan" acceptable. This is > from the POV that a standard is best if there's only > one of them, and people do like dxpeditions. > The amateur radio market is small enough as it is, > without different standards for each nation. how true. As you've pointed out, we have been shooting ourselves in the foot with national standards vs. international standards. I don't know of any solution for this except maybe the ones hinted at by the software defined radio folks. Then things like channel spacing become just a parameter to tweak. ---eric --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 08:06:24 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA13440 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 08:06:24 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: "jeff millar" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Path loss, was: mesh networks Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 09:05:46 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <002401c276a7$133d84d0$6a01a8c0@wa1hco> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Just to add a point about path loss. I've seen some extensive data (~100K measurements) for low power, omnidirectional transmission from residential neighborhoods at 1.9 GHz (PCS cellular) at rooftop antenna heights that shows an average path loss proportional to 50*log(d), rather that the free space formula of 20*log(d). The increased loss probably is a combination of foliage, multipath, shadowing, etc. If we put 802.11b networks in place, we can draw on the published data on path loss produced for the cellular industry. The 802.11b industry only studied in-building paths. The old cellular data studied tall towers, but some new data covers low height antennas. Let me know if some pointers to the data would help. jeff, wa1hco --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 10:18:09 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA19234 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 10:18:09 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: "Hugh Shane" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: Path loss, was: mesh networks Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 09:01:15 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 X-MailScanner: Found to be clean List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <003501c276b7$34dfa540$7700a8c0@sledcontroller> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > I've seen some extensive data (~100K measurements) for low power, > omnidirectional transmission from residential neighborhoods at 1.9 GHz (PCS > cellular) at rooftop antenna heights that shows an average path loss > proportional to 50*log(d), rather that the free space formula of 20*log(d). > The increased loss probably is a combination of foliage, multipath, > shadowing, etc. > > > Let me know if some pointers to the data would help. > Yes, please send pointers! Hugh n7uax --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 11:30:06 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA22244 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 11:30:02 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: "Hugh Shane" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 10:26:12 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 X-MailScanner: Found to be clean List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <005501c276c3$13313f10$7700a8c0@sledcontroller> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk A few years ago I did some work for BBN. These guys are into a lot of interesting things and one of them is relevant to mesh networks, I think. Take a look at "Utilizing Directional Antennas for Ad Hoc Networking" http://www.ir.bbn.com/projects/udaan/udaan-index.html The project is oriented towards military applications. However, the overall goal of building multihop packet radio networks seems consistant with that of this group. I still have contacts at BBN and might be able to get more information if anyone is interested. Hugh n7uax --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 11:38:43 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA22485 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 11:38:41 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 11:38:00 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210181638.g9IGc0r28256@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Hugh, Was this the "stuff" that was being tested at Ft. Mamoth(sp), NJ? I don't recall what frequencies the the radios were on but the ones mounted in the HumVees had an antenna on the top and a little gray box with a DB9 conncetor that went to the laptop. I understood that they had 10 MBPs thruput. I got involved because they were NOT using the non-routed IPs and selected some DOD IPs that were used by McGuire AFB and they were blocking them in and outbound and McGuire used the Fort as a gateway to the MilNet. Walt > A few years ago I did some work for BBN. These guys are into a lot of interesting > things and one of them is relevant to mesh networks, I think. Take a look at "Utilizing > Directional Antennas for Ad Hoc Networking" > > http://www.ir.bbn.com/projects/udaan/udaan-index.html > > The project is oriented towards military applications. However, the overall goal of > building multihop packet radio networks seems consistant with that of this group. > > I still have contacts at BBN and might be able to get more information if anyone > is interested. > > Hugh > n7uax > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 12:14:36 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA24182 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 12:14:35 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: "Hugh Shane" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 11:10:50 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 X-MailScanner: Found to be clean List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <009a01c276c9$4f3e6b30$7700a8c0@sledcontroller> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Hi Walt, I don't know if that was the ad hoc project or not. I was working on something entirely different. I simply became aware of the project during chats with some of the engineers in the lunch room, etc. There's been quite a lot of work done on this over the years and many of the papers are publicly available if you know where to look for them. I spent a couple of years working in the point-multipoint fixed broadband wireless industry and reached the conclusion (my ex boss will disagree with me on this) that the non-line-of-sight problem is the number one killer to full scale deployment of fixed broadband wireless networks. Self organizing, multihop networks are the way to go IMHO. Hugh ----- Original Message ----- From: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Sent: Friday, October 18, 2002 5:38 AM Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks > Hugh, > > Was this the "stuff" that was being tested at Ft. Mamoth(sp), NJ? > > I don't recall what frequencies the the radios were on but the ones mounted in > the HumVees had an antenna on the top and a little gray box with a DB9 > conncetor that went to the laptop. I understood that they had 10 MBPs thruput. > I got involved because they were NOT using the non-routed IPs and selected > some DOD IPs that were used by McGuire AFB and they were blocking them in > and outbound and McGuire used the Fort as a gateway to the MilNet. > > Walt > > > > A few years ago I did some work for BBN. These guys are into a lot of > interesting > > things and one of them is relevant to mesh networks, I think. Take a look at > "Utilizing > > Directional Antennas for Ad Hoc Networking" > > > > http://www.ir.bbn.com/projects/udaan/udaan-index.html > > > > The project is oriented towards military applications. However, the overall > goal of > > building multihop packet radio networks seems consistant with that of this > group. > > > > I still have contacts at BBN and might be able to get more information if > anyone > > is interested. > > > > Hugh > > n7uax > > > > > > > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: hughs@tetonvalley.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 15:47:17 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA04190 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 15:47:14 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 21:45:58 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 18/10/2002 21:46:13 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >I have a sneaking suspicion that you live where there are no > trees. ;-) at my QTH, I can see four neighbors out of 15. That seems a difficult case if you're that wooded. >From my chimney-stack I can see about 50 houses on one side, and in the other direction across fields I can see more on the side of a hill, but they're too small to count. Must be 2 or 3 km away. > I think what's happening here is the same thing has happened to many a > "high-priced" or high-end technology. The market is cannibalized by a > lower cost, more generally useful technology and the high-priced spread > is left servicing only special niches. I wouldn't say that an ageing Z-80 in a TNC with an audio FSK modem is "high-end" technology, or that a PCMCIA WLAN card was at all "low end". One is more experimental low-volume stuff, an 80's technology, with a modulation compromised by compatability. The fact that you can't get a TNC that does a whole raft of rates up to 100Kb/s and many modulation modes today is very very sad; that would be high-end gear, and it only takes a cheap DSP to do it. The sort people throw out with their old mobile phone... The WLAN card serves a different application entirely, and consumer demand enables a high-volume high-integration product that can be made very technically capable at low cost. But it has no flexibility, of course. End users want "plug-and-go" so user adjustments are zero. In a way amateurs need simple fixed standards too; a large mass of communicating users can't exist without it. SCC cards still cost 10 times more than an ethernet card. One is far more technically capable. God knows why I'm still pissing about with them. Unlicenced networks will not span the gaps between towns without licensed line-of-sight links. There will not be countywide mesh networks without licenses. I think it's good spectrum use if amateur and community traffic can be repeated over the same nodes rather than blasted past one another at higher power, so I think it's necessary to get some regulatory understanding of shared coexisting networks on a common infrastructure. Trying to modify standards to shut one another out of the hardware by 'security' seems a technically unhelpful and counterproductive move. It's contrary to our obligations of good shared-spectrum neighbourliness and reduction of waste. It would be nice if our mobile phone companies could learn this... instead of fighting for mast space on every officeblock and street corner. As far as ammended 802.11 stds are concerned, the UK has no APC requirement... but for unattended operation there is a requirement for station ID by CW at least every 15 minutes. Lots of stations doing this would be disruptive to 802.11 users as they have minimal processing gain... unless it was done at very low power level. This would be better addressed by a licence variation not to have to do it, you're required to ID in the traffic modulation mode anyway. It's rather hard to make a WLAN device do CW, a solution is to build a simple co-located CW beacon. (This is absurd in itself as actually getting a microwave beacon licence is stalled queue at the moment!) Suggestions that amateurs should simply "abandon" high-speed data would be the death of amateur radio datacomms. Innovation would cease. Hamradio would be consigned to operate "vintage" modes into the future. We'd have no use for our microwave bandwidth and we'd loose it. I think we have no choice but to compete with the internet for Amateur mindshare, or we die. That means offering comparable or better data rates, and content and services that people use. The amount of amateur radio stuff on the 'net that isn't available over our own datacomms networks shows what an appalling state we're in. I dare to believe that's fixable, and at least I can start in my small neck of the woods. We need to broaden our understanding of "Radio amateurs" to include all non-commercial wireless experimenters & users, irrespective of which kind of licence they operate with. We have to recognise the situation that there are now more ways to get into wireless. It was just businesses, broadcasters, govt. sevices and amateurs in the old days. Now we have 3 classes of amateur licence in the UK, effectively 400W, 50W, & 10W classes, the "licence- free" experimenter is simply the 100mW class. We should share our expertise in the building of a unified non-commercial network. Why waste skills creating walls and trapdoors? Somehow we must adapt the licensing creatively - it should facilitate amateur use the bands, not inhibit it. Let's face it, the licence-free users have access to the spectrum, and can stuff it full of anything they like, so it's a bit pointless blocking them from our few pieces of gear. It's more use to us to bounce data across everyone else's gear! If we see a situation where radio datacomms becomes so de-regulated that it's no point being a licence- holder to do it, or there are more suited alternative licence options for your projects, why should it then cease to be "Amateur Radio"? You're doing the same things. Hmm, you just have to slap the callsign on the door and get out the logbook to use AMPRNET and put them away when you're not. At this point I suppose AMPRNET might was well abolish itself. I'm sitting here thinking and I've come to an interesting realisation: that both hams and the unlicensed community share the same frequencies and can use interoperable equipment is highly unusual situation to be in. It's a Godsend; a unique blessing we should grasp with both hands and make the most of. It seems to make some interesting quirks in the rules we can drive a bus through. For instance, it seems to be quite legal for a licence-free repeater to carry amateur traffic between amateur stations. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 16:03:32 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA04929 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 16:03:29 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 16:02:49 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB076F9.E12EC6C9@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Anthony N Martin wrote: > > [stuff deleted] > I'm sitting here thinking and I've come to an > interesting realisation: that both hams and the > unlicensed community share the same frequencies > and can use interoperable equipment is highly > unusual situation to be in. It's a Godsend; a unique > blessing we should grasp with both hands and make > the most of. It seems to make some interesting > quirks in the rules we can drive a bus through. > For instance, it seems to be quite legal for > a licence-free repeater to carry amateur traffic > between amateur stations. > > Ant M1FDE > In the U.S. it is illegal for licensed service to communicate directly with an unlicensed service. In this instance, Part 97 operation cannot communicate with part 15 on the 2.4 GHz band. To address emergency communications, unless the FCC here makes it illegal to monitor Part 15 802.11b transmissions, then many knowledgeable emergency managers will not want to use Part 15 802.11b communications. They like to NOT share emergency operations with the public and/or media. So in this instance, they would want to use part 97 operations. If we can alter the center frequency and spread enough where Part 15 hardware will not work with Part 97 hardware, then the emergency managers will be more than happy to use ham radio 802.11b operations. Also, a comment about communications between cities is also valid, at least here in most of the U.S. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 16:56:53 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA07211 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 16:56:51 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:49:53 -0400 In-Reply-To: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021018215027.MNKD9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id QAA07211 On Fri, 18 Oct 2002 16:02:49 -0500, Walt DuBose wrote: >To address emergency communications, unless the FCC here makes it >illegal to monitor Part 15 802.11b transmissions, then many >knowledgeable emergency managers will not want to use Part 15 802.11b >communications. Hmmm.... if they where really "knowledgeable" they'd realize that the FCC can't (and shouldn't) stop people from monitoring the airwaves. Or did you really believe when the FCC outlawed monitoring of cell phone frequencies it eliminated this? Seriously though, WEP128 with Part 15 should stop most casual ease dropping so I don't see what the issue is. -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 17:45:12 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA08606 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:45:09 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 15:44:36 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Thomas Allen Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.3.2.7.2.20021018154001.03a91e50@pop.mindspring.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk This sounds a little like Applique, the Internet for the battlefield. Every little gray box had a Solaris box, a router, display and some combination of EPLRS and SINCGARS secure radios. At 11.38 2002-10-18 +0000, you wrote: >Hugh, > >Was this the "stuff" that was being tested at Ft. Mamoth(sp), NJ? > >I don't recall what frequencies the the radios were on but the ones >mounted in >the HumVees had an antenna on the top and a little gray box with a DB9 >conncetor that went to the laptop. I understood that they had 10 MBPs >thruput. >I got involved because they were NOT using the non-routed IPs and selected >some DOD IPs that were used by McGuire AFB and they were blocking them in >and outbound and McGuire used the Fort as a gateway to the MilNet. > >Walt --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 18 18:21:11 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id SAA10589 for ; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 18:21:11 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 16:20:29 -0700 (PDT) From: Stewart Teaze Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021018232029.49717.qmail@web10901.mail.yahoo.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk --- Thomas Allen wrote: > This sounds a little like Applique, the Internet for > the battlefield. Every > little gray box had a Solaris box, a router, display > and some combination > of EPLRS and SINCGARS secure radios. 4th ID, Ft. Hood stuff... I don't know if they ever actually got this stuff out of the sandbox and into any active division's hands. EPLRS - 420-450MHz (Hey! that's 70cm Ham!) SINCGARS - 30-88Mhz (hopper, WIIIDE 6m) We use ARC-210's where I'm at (30-400Mhz), and they can do SINCGARS, HaveQuick, and VHF/UHF Air, Maritime, etc. Problem is - it is kind of hard to get an antenna to perform very well over such a wide frequency range... your 10W radio ends up performing worse than an FRS radio. You gotta love the Military. I did a lot of Digital Comm experiments with SINCGARS at Ft Huachuca - once you are more than about a mile apart it is basically a 2400bps system (packet radio!). EPLRS is "supposedely" a 56Kbps system - but, in a real battlefield scenario, you aren't going to get much more than SINCGARS for data (the main part of the bandwidth is dedicated to Position Reporting)... I suppose when everyone is sitting around waiting in the trenches, you could get more bandwidth for data... but once more than a few guys figured it out, throughput would drop precipitously. Anyway - playing around with these systems (and JTIDS) has provided me with a lot of ideas for M.1 (nee MURSlink). - Stewart http://groups.yahoo.com/group/MURS-OPEN __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 09:27:26 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA09093 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 09:27:25 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 10:26:35 -0400 From: "Eric S. Johansson" User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB16B9B.90001@harvee.billerica.ma.us> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Walt DuBose wrote: > To address emergency communications, unless the FCC here makes it > illegal to monitor Part 15 802.11b transmissions, then many > knowledgeable emergency managers will not want to use Part 15 802.11b > communications. They like to NOT share emergency operations with the > public and/or media. So in this instance, they would want to use part > 97 operations. If we can alter the center frequency and spread enough > where Part 15 hardware will not work with Part 97 hardware, then the > emergency managers will be more than happy to use ham radio 802.11b > operations. couple fallacies here. First it's not illegal to monitor public service traffic whether it uses public service or amateur radio frequencies. Second, simple modifications like you propose are easily replicated since the information would be available to the public. Therefore, it would be easily monitored. Part 15 has certain advantages: * You can encrypt traffic over part 15 links without restriction * There is no need for a gatekeeper to either handle, monitor, or filter traffic for appropriate content. * There is an order of magnitude more available equipment and installations. * Equipment is available off-the-shelf at an acceptable price. * Equipment compatible with Internet protocols allowing easy connectivity to the Internet. a lot of the writing on the "technical National Guard" assumes that much of the networking will be done with part 15 devices by ordinary IT personnel. thinking about radio and spectrum is changing radically on the regulatory and experimenter side. The approaches I'm seeing so far in the amateur community are still "fighting the last war". case in point, ARRL802.11b. Based on past collective experience with packet, reworking specification should probably be a week's worth of work. But it's beginning to look an awful lot like ax.25 (same war, different spectrum) I suggest reading the following document on open spectrum policies. It's going to be our future so we should be ready for it. It is representative of the kind of thinking I've seen come from many quarters. I think it will be about three to five years at the soonest before we see implementation of this kind of policy which should give us sufficient time to adapt. http://www.newamerica.net/index.cfm?sec=publications&pg=article&pubID=1002&Art1=go --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 10:09:35 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA10980 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 10:09:29 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Jeff Edmonson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 10:08:30 -0500 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-RAVMilter-Version: 8.4.1(snapshot 20020919) (w5omr) List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <003501c27781$627de6e0$0200a8c0@hamhome.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > EPLRS - 420-450MHz (Hey! that's 70cm Ham!) > SINCGARS - 30-88Mhz (hopper, WIIIDE 6m) > > We use ARC-210's where I'm at (30-400Mhz), and they > can do SINCGARS, HaveQuick, and VHF/UHF Air, Maritime, > etc. Problem is - it is kind of hard to get an > antenna to perform very well over such a wide > frequency range... your 10W radio ends up performing > worse than an FRS radio. You gotta love the Military. Can anyone else sense the need for a Log Periodic antenna? --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 10:30:14 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA11966 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 10:30:13 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:28:31 -0400 From: "Eric S. Johansson" User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB17A1F.4090204@harvee.billerica.ma.us> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Anthony N Martin wrote: > That seems a difficult case if you're that wooded. its classical suburban New England. Unless of course you are living in one of the no antenna, starter Castle treeless plains. Then you get reasonably good coverage until you hit the end of the property and dive into the woods again. >>I think what's happening here is the same thing has happened to many a >>"high-priced" or high-end technology. The market is cannibalized by a >>lower cost, more generally useful technology and the high-priced spread >>is left servicing only special niches. > > > I wouldn't say that an ageing Z-80 in a TNC with an audio FSK > modem is "high-end" technology, or that a PCMCIA WLAN card > was at all "low end". I was referring more to accessibility of service. Amateur radio is the "high-cost" service because it requires multiple bodies, passing messages by hand and voice, content filtering by the radio operator, etc.. A "low cost" service would be a PDA within 802.11b card and it and some standard communications software like some form of instant messenger or e-mail client. It's easy to use, there's no need for any intermediaries, and it's relatively easy to set up. And if you are in a mesh network, you get exceptionally good range. > The WLAN card serves a different application entirely, and > consumer demand enables a high-volume high-integration > product that can be made very technically capable at low > cost. But it has no flexibility, of course. End users want > "plug-and-go" so user adjustments are zero. > > In a way amateurs need simple fixed standards too; a large > mass of communicating users can't exist without it. also given that many hams are plug and pray when it comes to equipment, minimizing the number of knobs and adjustments will increase their probability for success. Sometimes I think if you gave these people a high-speed network, they would use it to send huge .wav files containing nothing but CW transmissions to each other. > SCC cards still cost 10 times more than an ethernet card. > One is far more technically capable. God knows why I'm > still pissing about with them. well, why are you spending time with them when you could be down at the pub "recovering" from working with them. ;-) > Unlicenced networks will not span the gaps between towns > without licensed line-of-sight links. There will not > be countywide mesh networks without licenses. I will argue that this isn't a problem. First, if meshes work the way I hope they will (i.e. one standard, multiple service providers to the same mesh), you just won't care. Getting to the net (the 99 percent case) will just work. Second, inter-town connectivity will just happen in many communities. Mesh edges aren't clean and don't stop at town lines (which has interesting implications for routing and TTL). In parts of the world where you have dense clusters with lots of open space between them, it is eminently practical to use part 15 links to cross those open spaces. All it takes is a good path and gain. There is no need for licensed operation if the authorized devices behave according to agree upon rules regarding interference usage etc. I refer you to the open spectrum paper at the bottom of this e-mail > I think it's good spectrum use if amateur and community > traffic can be repeated over the same nodes rather than > blasted past one another at higher power, so I think > it's necessary to get some regulatory understanding of > shared coexisting networks on a common infrastructure. > Trying to modify standards to shut one another out of > the hardware by 'security' seems a technically unhelpful > and counterproductive move. It's contrary to our > obligations of good shared-spectrum neighbourliness > and reduction of waste. I agree. The only thing stopping here in the states is content regulations that are built into part 97 to protect the telephone companies from competition. Personally, I believe that the rules should be changed so that amateur radio networks can be used to serve the local community by carrying Internet traffic. It would need to be carefully written so that there would be no commercial exploitation of the network (e.g. a company builds infrastructure for their own use on amateur spectrum)but at the same time allow the club responsible for the infrastructure to recover costs from its membership. Yes, this would imply a two-tier membership amateur and non amateur but that's not an uncommon structure. > It would be nice if our mobile phone companies could > learn this... instead of fighting for mast space on > every officeblock and street corner. they would rather fight for mast space than make it easy for you to switch phone companies. All phone company behavior is oriented towards either keeping out competition or locking in consumers. Their actions make much more sense if you keep that in mind. > As far as ammended 802.11 stds are concerned, the UK > has no APC requirement... but for unattended operation > there is a requirement for station ID by CW at least > every 15 minutes. Lots of stations doing this would be > disruptive to 802.11 users as they have minimal > processing gain... unless it was done at very low power > level. This would be better addressed by a licence > variation not to have to do it, you're required to > ID in the traffic modulation mode anyway. It's > rather hard to make a WLAN device do CW, a solution > is to build a simple co-located CW beacon. (This is > absurd in itself as actually getting a microwave beacon > licence is stalled queue at the moment!) fighting the last war... personally, I think just emitting a arp/brodcast/?? packet with the call sign embedded in it makes far more sense. > Suggestions that amateurs should simply "abandon" > high-speed data would be the death of amateur radio > datacomms. Innovation would cease. Hamradio would be > consigned to operate "vintage" modes into the future. > We'd have no use for our microwave bandwidth and we'd > loose it. I think we have no choice but to compete > with the internet for Amateur mindshare, or we die. > That means offering comparable or better data rates, > and content and services that people use. The amount > of amateur radio stuff on the 'net that isn't available > over our own datacomms networks shows what an appalling > state we're in. I dare to believe that's fixable, and > at least I can start in my small neck of the woods. my suggestion to abandon high-speed data networks was more pragmatic one. We have three fronts in which we need to deal with digital conversions. First is HF voice. If we can generalize the facility, it's no longer just voice but a voice/slow scan TV/instant QSL delivery/... facility. Second is VHF voice. Again, it could be generalized just like HF voice with the addition of medium speed data transfer, inter repeater relays, "who's listening" listings and "I want a contact" multi-repeater repeater calls when the local repeater is idle. last is high-speed data networks. We had a packet radio network but it died because of personalities and lack of anything interesting to do. I think it is quite telling that our most interesting and high activity digital communication modes are APRS and DX spots. unless you have a need for a use for a network, why build it? With the current regulatory limitations, all of the uses for a network are effectively forbidden which leads me to the conclusion of don't bother building. you are quite right in saying that you need to integrate the Internet and amateur radio in order to garner more mind share for amateur radio. I believe it was the ITU (or some such organization) that found that any time Internet access became widespread within a country, interest in amateur radio dropped off. there are so many things a high-speed network could support within a community in terms of access to public meetings, to participation etc. that you can't do today with existing telecom infrastructure except that a very high-cost. Except that the regulations prevent it. So, this is why I say abandon high-speed digital modes. Focus on the VHF and HF digital conversion and do that well. Work at regulatory changes and once they are okayed, then move forward with high-speed digital data. > I'm sitting here thinking and I've come to an > interesting realisation: that both hams and the > unlicensed community share the same frequencies > and can use interoperable equipment is highly > unusual situation to be in. It's a Godsend; a unique > blessing we should grasp with both hands and make > the most of. It seems to make some interesting > quirks in the rules we can drive a bus through. > For instance, it seems to be quite legal for > a licence-free repeater to carry amateur traffic > between amateur stations. exactly. Part 15 can carry part 97 but part 97 can't carry part 15. For that reason alone, it's necessary to be able to distinguish data and what we can do it. again, I point you to the open spectrum paper http://www.newamerica.net/index.cfm?sec=publications&pg=article&pubID=1002&Art1=go for some interesting reading. It confirms some of your thinking and that regulation will move away from spectrum allocations to radio behavior. There will be a decreasing need for licensed operation especially in the realm of data communications at microwave frequencies. ---eric --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:17:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA13303 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:17:55 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:17:01 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB1857D.EBE3E7C3@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Jeff Edmonson wrote: > > > EPLRS - 420-450MHz (Hey! that's 70cm Ham!) > > SINCGARS - 30-88Mhz (hopper, WIIIDE 6m) > > > > We use ARC-210's where I'm at (30-400Mhz), and they > > can do SINCGARS, HaveQuick, and VHF/UHF Air, Maritime, > > etc. Problem is - it is kind of hard to get an > > antenna to perform very well over such a wide > > frequency range... your 10W radio ends up performing > > worse than an FRS radio. You gotta love the Military. > > Can anyone else sense the need for a Log Periodic antenna? Its not omni-directional. They do use discones; however, they aren't exactly a mobile, man-portable antenna. Can you imagine a soldier carrying a radio pack with a 30-90 MHz discone on it? He couldn't move around very well. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:24:08 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA13383 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:24:03 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Jeff Edmonson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:23:05 -0500 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-RAVMilter-Version: 8.4.1(snapshot 20020919) (w5omr) List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <012001c2778b$cdab24a0$0200a8c0@hamhome.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > > We use ARC-210's where I'm at (30-400Mhz), and they > > > can do SINCGARS, HaveQuick, and VHF/UHF Air, Maritime, > > > etc. Problem is - it is kind of hard to get an > > > antenna to perform very well over such a wide > > > frequency range... your 10W radio ends up performing > > > worse than an FRS radio. You gotta love the Military. > > > > Can anyone else sense the need for a Log Periodic antenna? > > Its not omni-directional. They do use discones; however, they > aren't exactly a mobile, man-portable antenna. Can you imagine > a soldier carrying a radio pack with a 30-90 MHz discone on it? > He couldn't move around very well. Telescopic? Extend the antenna, with push-buttons to lock it in place... just random thoughts. Discones are 3dbi, though.... similar to a dummy load. -- 73 = Best Regards, -=Jeff/W5OMR=- --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:36:43 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA14063 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:36:42 -0500 (CDT) From: "Bret A. Boggs" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] High speed networks... Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:30:51 -0400 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 19 Oct 2002 16:30:51.0630 (UTC) FILETIME=[E38890E0:01C2778C] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <000201c2778c$e38890e0$0a01a8c0@sirius> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk There has been a lot of discussion about high speed networks and amateur radio for the past few days that cover a lot of legal and technical issues. But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a problem. Personally, would I use a high speed amateur network of internet access? No, to much content restrictions. Emergency communications? I have been involved several emergency situations... Most of the critical (tactical) information is handled by short voice transmissions. In my experience, the only place where data communications would be nice would be between shelters. Something with a range on the order of 20 - 30 miles and can carry IP traffic at a speed of 128kbps to 512kbps. Also, I am not aware of anything that prevents part 97 traffic from be carried over part 15 devices (Notice... I did not say part 97 devices connecting to part 15 devices). Why not use a part 15 wireless network to connect to shelters to a near by communications center to handle the long haul? Experiment with voice or video over wireless IP? I can go down to CompUSA and buy all the part 15 equipment I need to experiment with video or voice over wireless. I do not know of one ham radio dealer that carries a wireless LAN radio (for example WiLAN's 120-24). Build the equipment? I could do that... but most of the hams I know have no interest in learing how to work with FPGAs, PLD's, or even program a PIC microcontroller. I believe the Ham radio would be best served if we focus on digital voice and data at 128kbps to 512kbps with a range of 20 - 30 miles. More than enough speed for most ham applications. That is just my opinion... I would like to hear from the rest of the group on how a high speed amateur network would be used. Thanks! Bret - WB8WKC --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:38:04 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA14109 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:38:01 -0500 (CDT) From: "Bret A. Boggs" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:37:04 -0400 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 19 Oct 2002 16:37:04.0416 (UTC) FILETIME=[C1BB3200:01C2778D] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <000301c2778d$c1bb3200$0a01a8c0@sirius> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >Discones are 3dbi, though.... similar to a dummy load. You must really love big antennas! :) Bret - WB8WKC --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:40:28 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA14438 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:40:18 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:39:13 -0400 In-Reply-To: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021019163945.VQMV9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id LAA14438 Hi Eric: On Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:50:50 -0400, Eric S. Johansson wrote: >I recently found out about and easily accessible mesh network >implementation that might be applicable to amateur radio use. > >http://www.locustworld.com/ > >its currently closed source but they are talking about making it >more open. This is interesting, but reviewing the site I can't get a good "read" as to where their heads are at. It *might* be open source, it *will* be open source? Did you notice the "swarm' chip? It is basically a mini web server for a AP set up apparently to attract mobile laptop users. I.E. the perfect thing for a for pay ah hoc network, which I don't have a problem with, as long as they give me access to my equipment and some royalty ;-) And in any case, if it was set up like this, it would effectively preclude any amateur use. Do you have a better read of it then I do? I do like the fact they are targeting off the shelf hardware like the mini-ITX board. The problem with the Open-AP project was you where at the whims of the AP manufacturers as to hardware. Ideally, I'd like to see locust on a compact flash card with no moving parts. I suspect it could be done now as most CFC's can be hung off a IDE port. >I will be experimenting with it but with only two nodes it will be >difficult to create much of a mesh. :-) I will report on >success/failure as I muck about. I'd very much like to hear this. >It seems to me that one of the benefits of TAPR could be negotiation >with some manufacturer of access points etc. for a standard box plus >information that we could purchase either through TAPR or off-the- >shelf. I don't think this will work. I volunteered to do this for them 2 or 3 times in the past but there was no interest. And at this point, I don't think they could be of much help. This stuff is such high volume that hams won't even show up on the radar, so best just to stay off it. Find some hams that have business that can get wholesale prices at Ingrahm or any other number of distributors and handle it that way. IMHO, best way to do it is to pick a target platform all can agree on and use this TAPR mailing list to coordinate all of it. TAPR would be helpful this was as well as publishing the results in PSR. >Once we have a standard platform, then we can have a stable base for >experimentation. Things I am looking at for standardization: LinkSys WET11 (full ethernet client that can be POE'ed to the top of the tower) Some sort of Mini-ITX board (And does only VIA make these?) Orinco and/or some sort of PRISM board. Going to avoid USB based cards since drivers are problematically for them on Linux and even WIN2000. >another benefit of the standardization would be attention from the >part >15 wireless network community. Since their needs are mostly in >alignment with ours, we could gain additional volume benefits both >in terms of visibility, membership, and experimentation. Well, there had to be one thing I disagreed with you here ;-). I don't think most of them will care, and why should they? As much as we want to believe, there is no real advantage for them to operate part 97 and many disadvantages. The 1 watt APC rule is a firm well defined barrier, and the schemes I have seen proposed to circumvent it, IMHO, do not comply with the Part 97 rules, which are clear. So, until these rules are relaxed (I've been suggesting raising the APC limit to 10watts), I don't see much interest from part 15 users to come to part 97 Regards, Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 11:48:11 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA14711 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:48:10 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:47:10 -0400 In-Reply-To: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021019164748.VSJC9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id LAA14711 On Sat, 19 Oct 2002 11:28:31 -0400, Eric S. Johansson wrote: >Anthony N Martin wrote: >>As far as ammended 802.11 stds are concerned, the UK >>has no APC requirement... but for unattended operation >>there is a requirement for station ID by CW at least >>every 15 minutes. Lots of stations doing this would be >>disruptive to 802.11 users as they have minimal >>processing gain... unless it was done at very low power >>level. This would be better addressed by a licence >>variation not to have to do it, you're required to >>ID in the traffic modulation mode anyway. It's >>rather hard to make a WLAN device do CW, a solution >>is to build a simple co-located CW beacon. (This is >>absurd in itself as actually getting a microwave beacon >>licence is stalled queue at the moment!) > >fighting the last war... personally, I think just emitting a >arp/brodcast/?? packet with the call sign embedded in it makes far >more sense. It does, but note at the top that Anthony was referring to the UK, which even requires CW id's on narrowband packet. So it is not fighting the last war other then the sense it is a regulatory war. Now, what would be interesting is to see if the ID was required in MORSE CODE or it was required using CW modulation. These are not the same thing. If it just asked for a MORSE CODE id using a on/off carrier, one could simply send a short 802.11b frame for "dot" and a long frame for "dash". This way, all downstream clients would get a valid carrier detect and the energy would be spread which would be less disruptive then a narrow band carrier (to stations on a different chip pattern). -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 12:04:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA15486 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:04:35 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 13:03:38 -0400 In-Reply-To: Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021019170411.VVXS9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id MAA15486 On Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:30:51 -0400, Bret A. Boggs wrote: >Personally, would I use a high speed amateur network of internet >access? >No, to much content restrictions. I'd beg to differ there. In their heyday, the WSU, Oakland and Ann Arbor Michigan HamGates (NOS) where used by many of their users for their primary internet access. Unrestricted SMTP, FTP, Telnet.. any port for that matter. Even some IRC. None of the sysops of the above did any filtering to the internet proper. And at the time they where close to or in excess of the dial-up speeds (9.6k and 19.2kbaud radio ports). But that was 10+ years ago and the the users of said hamgates where for the most part technical adapt amateur radio operators. Would I do it again? I wouldn't hesitate although I might restrict the access to clients (hams) that are bright enough not to be surfing porn sites or trading copyright software. None-the-less, I agree with your larger point in that Part 97 spread spectrum at this time does not offer a significant advantage over Part 15 for last mile applications. -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 12:23:50 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA16256 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:23:47 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Jeff Edmonson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 12:23:20 -0500 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-RAVMilter-Version: 8.4.1(snapshot 20020919) (w5omr) List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <001501c27794$390ccac0$0200a8c0@hamhome.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > >Discones are 3dbi, though.... similar to a dummy load. > > You must really love big antennas! :) > > Bret - WB8WKC Only the ones that work, Bret :-) Case in point: HF Mobile the hamstick was supposed to revolutionize the mobile industry. they don't work well. Hustler resonators are ok, but unless you get the SUPER size, the loss in the coil is tremendous! (go grab your coil, after a 15 to 20second full 100w output power CW keydown) I've not tried a screwdriver antenna, but there are lots of them out there. There's lots of hamsticks too, but I digress... What works for me, is a Bugcatcher coil, center mounted on about 108" of mast/whip, with an impedance matching coil at the base. I've been, for about the last month, playing with different antennas and what works is utilizing the most amount of radiating space available. At home, I've tried shortened antennas, trap antennas and other compromise antennas... granted I live in a house, with no antenna or covenant restrictions, but not always. What has -always- worked has been a full-sized dipole, cut for the band to work. when you get up to frequencies that are high enough, where you can start walking around your antennas, while they're 1/4 to 1/2wave off of the ground, then you can start adding some gain to them. What is a 13-el beam made of? dioples. Several in the same plane, to provide directivity and gain. 73 = Best Regards, -=Jeff/W5OMR=- --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 15:45:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA23935 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 15:45:53 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 13:44:59 -0700 (PDT) From: Stewart Teaze Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021019204459.9385.qmail@web10901.mail.yahoo.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk --- Walt DuBose wrote: > Jeff Edmonson wrote: > > Can anyone else sense the need for a Log Periodic > antenna? > > Its not omni-directional. Yes - we definately aren't interested in beams, etc. > They do use discones; however, they > aren't exactly a mobile, man-portable antenna. Can > you imagine a soldier carrying a radio > pack with a 30-90 MHz discone on it? > He couldn't move around very well. Our application is air and ground station based. My particular design concern is for the ground-based antenna (they already are using a $4,000 design on the air vehicle). The antenna that a previous engineer spec'd in for the Ground Station was a Dayton-Granger multi-band omni (30-88, 108-174, 225-400), which supposedely provides 2.5 VSWR over the two VHF bands, and 2.0 VSWR on the so-called UHF band. I'm trying to get more specs from the manufacturer, but they have been less than speedy in providing information (this just raises my curiousity level even more). The antenna is about 60 inches in height, and the lower part has a cylindrical sleeve that looks to be about 3inches in diameter (contains loading coils, or acts as a ground plane?), and there are no ground-plane elements... so far, I've only seen grainy B&W photos of it, so I need to pull one or two from government stores to play around with - unfortunately the cost-conscience Program Managers don't let Design Engineers have much time to "play around" (pity). Here is my biggest concern; the 30-400Mhz 12W ARC-210 and Dayton-Granger antenna are set to replace a 25W VHF Air Band Radio (operates on about 118-138Mhz), and 1/4-wave whip antenna, and I'm worried that the performance of the ARC-210/D-G will be abysmal (in comparison to the VHF Airband radio) on 118-138. Any insights on the possible design/operational theory and performance of the existing Dayton-Granger antenna would be appreciated. I'm quite familiar with standard VHF/UHF omni antenna designs (1/4, 5/8-wave, stacked verticals, etc.) that are resonant over fairly limited frequency ranges; but I'm not familiar with designs that are supposed to perform fairly well(similar in gain/loss to the theoretical isotropic radiator) over such wide frequency ranges. The problem is, since our program has started to receive so much attention recently(and rightly so), I've been seeing so much BS marketing lately, that I'm more and more hesitant to believe in every perpetual motion machine the crackpot marketers try to sell our Program Managers and Military customers, and I'm somewhat hesitant to believe in an antenna design that purports to perform well over such a wide frequency range. - Stewart __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Y! Web Hosting - Let the expert host your web site http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 16:10:59 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA25375 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 16:10:57 -0500 (CDT) From: s.monsey@att.net To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 21:10:00 +0000 X-Authenticated-Sender: MlFcQEJJUFY+LzFlPlI6SF1WYi9MKDcpPko0Q0k2Yzg= Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021019211005.JWVB12639.mtiwmhc13.worldnet.att.net@mtiwebc15> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk http://www.symek.com/g/index-g.html http://www.dutch.nl/bdj/23linken.htm Take a look at these modems and radios from Europe. They do 128kps to 512Kbps. Perfect for a WLAN link to local 802.11 stuff. Steve N0FPF > There has been a lot of discussion about high speed networks and amateur > radio for the past few days that cover a lot of legal and technical > issues. But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed > network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a > problem. > > Personally, would I use a high speed amateur network of internet access? > No, to much content restrictions. > > Emergency communications? I have been involved several emergency > situations... Most of the critical (tactical) information is handled by > short voice transmissions. In my experience, the only place where data > communications would be nice would be between shelters. Something with > a range on the order of 20 - 30 miles and can carry IP traffic at a > speed of 128kbps to 512kbps. Also, I am not aware of anything that > prevents part 97 traffic from be carried over part 15 devices (Notice... > I did not say part 97 devices connecting to part 15 devices). Why not > use a part 15 wireless network to connect to shelters to a near by > communications center to handle the long haul? > > Experiment with voice or video over wireless IP? I can go down to > CompUSA and buy all the part 15 equipment I need to experiment with > video or voice over wireless. I do not know of one ham radio dealer > that carries a wireless LAN radio (for example WiLAN's 120-24). Build > the equipment? I could do that... but most of the hams I know have no > interest in learing how to work with FPGAs, PLD's, or even program a PIC > microcontroller. > > I believe the Ham radio would be best served if we focus on digital > voice and data at 128kbps to 512kbps with a range of 20 - 30 miles. > More than enough speed for most ham applications. That is just my > opinion... I would like to hear from the rest of the group on how a > high speed amateur network would be used. > > Thanks! > Bret - WB8WKC > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: s.monsey@att.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 19 22:51:56 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA12718 for ; Sat, 19 Oct 2002 22:51:51 -0500 (CDT) From: "Dewayne Hendricks" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 20:50:22 -0700 Message-Id: Organization: Warp Speed Imagineering MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021020035022.17173@mail.warpspeed.com:25> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >I suggest reading the following document on open spectrum policies. >It's going to be our future so we should be ready for it. It is >representative of the kind of thinking I've seen come from many >quarters. I think it will be about three to five years at the soonest >before we see implementation of this kind of policy which should give us >sufficient time to adapt. > >http://www.newamerica.net/index.cfm?s >ec=publications&pg=article&pubID=1002&Art1=go There is a more detailed paper (21 pages) that was released on October 1st that goes into open spectrum concepts in more detail then the four page brief that Eric points to above. You'll find it here: As for the timeframe before this sort of policy is implemented, I'd say that it may be a bit sooner then the three to five years that Eric postulates. -- Dewayne WA8DZP --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 08:08:04 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA01019 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 08:08:01 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: wa1jhk@popd.ix.netcom.com Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 07:07:46 -0600 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Dave Maciorowski Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.2.2.20021020060447.00e1ca30@popd.ix.netcom.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Mornin' Bret, >There has been a lot of discussion about high speed networks and amateur >radio for the past few days that cover a lot of legal and technical >issues. But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed >network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a >problem. [snip] >Experiment with voice or video over wireless IP? I can go down to >CompUSA and buy all the part 15 equipment I need to experiment with >video or voice over wireless. I do not know of one ham radio dealer >that carries a wireless LAN radio (for example WiLAN's 120-24). Build >the equipment? I could do that... but most of the hams I know have no >interest in learning how to work with FPGAs, PLD's, or even program a PIC >microcontroller. > >I believe the Ham radio would be best served if we focus on digital >voice and data at 128kbps to 512kbps with a range of 20 - 30 miles. >More than enough speed for most ham applications. That is just my >opinion... I would like to hear from the rest of the group on how a >high speed amateur network would be used. Agreed. For over 20 years our group, the Colorado Repeater Association (http://www.qsl.net/cra/), has been building linked, wide-area repeater systems (voice and data) in support of emergency services, eg. Public Safety, ARES, Red Cross, Salvation Army. The voice repeaters are fairly busy these days, but not like 10 years ago. The 1200bps AX.25 repeater (NOT a digi) is mainly used for intermittent ARES operations. The 9600bps AX.25 repeater (NOT a digi) has been quiet for months. Our racks on the mountain tops are full of link hardware (FM voice). Lots of simplex frequencies are dedicated to linking voice from one mountain top to another. What we need are fat pipes to move the audio (VoIP) from site to site. We've been experimenting for years, but costs have been prohibitive for wide deployment. 802.11 brings the promise of inexpensive linking hardware coupled with open source software (primarily Linux-based) to finally be able to implement the system that we've always envisioned. We're just getting started on this project in the Denver Metro area. -- The phase 1 activity is to perform line-of-sight range tests using 100mw 802.11b APs and 30" dishes. We wish to confirm the back-of-the-napkin path loss calculations. -- The phase 2 activity is to install a 25 mile Part 15 802.11b point-to-point link equipped with data collection software to quantify the throughput and the effects of environment and interference on the path. We plan to leave this data collection process in place during other operations to collect long term data. If 802.11b consumer deployment grows as expected, we expect to see a corresponding drop in throughput over time. We also expect to see environmental changes by time of year and weather. -- In phase 3, we will deploy VoIP applications and replace the first link. Not only do we free up several simplex channels, but we gain the ability to more effectively remotely monitor and control the equipment at the site. -- Once the technology is proven, we will deploy a total of ~6 links to provide all the connectivity that we require. Like many of you, we have concerns about interference on this band especially from the commercial hilltop APs. (I'm sure our landlord wouldn't be happy if we put a paying tenant out of business by running Part 97 802.11b close by his installation.) And, with 802.11g coming up soon, we can only expect this band to become more crowded. One idea is to move to 802.11a. We will perform similar studies on this band as time permits. Another idea is to build a transverter to move 802.11b to the 3GHz ham band. (Is anyone aware of other groups working on this?) Obviously, this would move us completely away from the interference, but it does increase the cost per installation. If we did have this option available, we would probably deploy it only when particular paths have problems on 2.4GHz. We'll be sure to report our results and we'll be watching with interest what other groups are doing. 73, Dave ----- Dave Maciorowski, WA1JHK Colorado Repeater Association, Inc. Serving Colorado with Voice and Data, 6-Meters to 1.2 Gig PO Box 1013, Parker, CO 80134-1013, 303-840-4CRA Internet: cra@qsl.net CRA: http://www.qsl.net/cra/ --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 08:37:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA02746 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 08:37:25 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 08:36:32 -0500 From: Gerry Creager N5JXS Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Organization: Da House User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <3DB2B160.70702@tamu.edu> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk THis is an excellent program. I want to offer a couple of thoughts, however. 1. 802.11a currently strikes me as one of the more promising technologies in the unlicensed arena for point-to-point linking. I expect to see more phones crop up in the same spectrum (V-Tech has entered the game already) but with decent antennas, this will be less a problem than at 2.4 GHz. 2. Several vendors I deal with regularly are now telling me 802.11g may be deployed but will not be well supported overall. The spectrum utilization already in place at 2.4 GHz is scaring them, and the implication is that they won't put too much effort in that arena. The second point also makes good sense to me. We have seen a marked proliferation of cordless telephones in the 2.4 GHz spectrum and I have documented their effect at short and intermediate range in impacting 802.11b systems. I anticipate their effect on Eb/N(0) for 802.11g will make folks wonder why they spent the extra money. Also, while antennas at either frequency are considerably easier to plumb and maintain decent beamwidths, the benefits one accrues from going to the higher frequencies in beamwidth and effective gain will provide an additional margin against co-channel, off-axis interference that cannot be easily realized at 2m or 440 MHz. 73, gerry Dave Maciorowski wrote: > Mornin' Bret, > >> There has been a lot of discussion about high speed networks and amateur >> radio for the past few days that cover a lot of legal and technical >> issues. But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed >> network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a >> problem. > > > [snip] > >> Experiment with voice or video over wireless IP? I can go down to >> CompUSA and buy all the part 15 equipment I need to experiment with >> video or voice over wireless. I do not know of one ham radio dealer >> that carries a wireless LAN radio (for example WiLAN's 120-24). Build >> the equipment? I could do that... but most of the hams I know have no >> interest in learning how to work with FPGAs, PLD's, or even program a PIC >> microcontroller. >> >> I believe the Ham radio would be best served if we focus on digital >> voice and data at 128kbps to 512kbps with a range of 20 - 30 miles. >> More than enough speed for most ham applications. That is just my >> opinion... I would like to hear from the rest of the group on how a >> high speed amateur network would be used. > > > Agreed. > > For over 20 years our group, the Colorado Repeater Association > (http://www.qsl.net/cra/), has been building linked, wide-area repeater > systems (voice and data) in support of emergency services, eg. Public > Safety, ARES, Red Cross, Salvation Army. The voice repeaters are fairly > busy these days, but not like 10 years ago. The 1200bps AX.25 repeater > (NOT a digi) is mainly used for intermittent ARES operations. The > 9600bps AX.25 repeater (NOT a digi) has been quiet for months. > > Our racks on the mountain tops are full of link hardware (FM > voice). Lots of simplex frequencies are dedicated to linking voice from > one mountain top to another. > > What we need are fat pipes to move the audio (VoIP) from site to > site. We've been experimenting for years, but costs have been > prohibitive for wide deployment. 802.11 brings the promise of > inexpensive linking hardware coupled with open source software > (primarily Linux-based) to finally be able to implement the system that > we've always envisioned. > > We're just getting started on this project in the Denver Metro > area. > > -- The phase 1 activity is to perform line-of-sight range tests using > 100mw 802.11b APs and 30" dishes. We wish to confirm the > back-of-the-napkin path loss calculations. > > -- The phase 2 activity is to install a 25 mile Part 15 802.11b > point-to-point link equipped with data collection software to quantify > the throughput and the effects of environment and interference on the > path. We plan to leave this data collection process in place during > other operations to collect long term data. If 802.11b consumer > deployment grows as expected, we expect to see a corresponding drop in > throughput over time. We also expect to see environmental changes by > time of year and weather. > > -- In phase 3, we will deploy VoIP applications and replace the first > link. Not only do we free up several simplex channels, but we gain the > ability to more effectively remotely monitor and control the equipment > at the site. > > -- Once the technology is proven, we will deploy a total of ~6 links to > provide all the connectivity that we require. > > Like many of you, we have concerns about interference on this > band especially from the commercial hilltop APs. (I'm sure our landlord > wouldn't be happy if we put a paying tenant out of business by running > Part 97 802.11b close by his installation.) And, with 802.11g coming up > soon, we can only expect this band to become more crowded. > > One idea is to move to 802.11a. We will perform similar studies > on this band as time permits. > > Another idea is to build a transverter to move 802.11b to the > 3GHz ham band. (Is anyone aware of other groups working on this?) > Obviously, this would move us completely away from the interference, but > it does increase the cost per installation. If we did have this option > available, we would probably deploy it only when particular paths have > problems on 2.4GHz. > > We'll be sure to report our results and we'll be watching with > interest what other groups are doing. > > 73, > > Dave > > ----- > Dave Maciorowski, WA1JHK > Colorado Repeater Association, Inc. > Serving Colorado with Voice and Data, 6-Meters to 1.2 Gig > PO Box 1013, Parker, CO 80134-1013, 303-840-4CRA > > Internet: cra@qsl.net > CRA: http://www.qsl.net/cra/ > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: gerry.creager@tamu.edu > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 08:39:30 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA02938 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 08:39:25 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 08:38:14 -0500 From: Gerry Creager N5JXS Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Organization: Da House User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High power 802.11 References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <3DB2B1C6.3070300@tamu.edu> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Or directly using IPv6... Steve Lampereur wrote: > There are a number of ways to embed your callsign within the ethernet > datagram, you could embed it in the MAC or in a ping for example. > (http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/pingid.html) > > Yes homebrew amps are possible. > (http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/appendixB.html) Bus as someone pointed > out 1 Watt PEP is the max unless you can incorporate "Automatic Transmitter > Power Control" > > Part 97 versus Part 15 and Permissible Power Comparison: > http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/pwr.html > > Ham Ethernet Using Part 15 Wireless Etherenet Devices Under Part 97: > http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/plan.html > http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/Ham_Ethernet_GBPPR.pdf > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: GERRY@CS.TAMU.EDU > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 11:50:49 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA08669 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 11:50:40 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 12:49:37 -0400 Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021020165008.FSBE9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id LAA08669 Hi Dave: On Sun, 20 Oct 2002 07:07:46 -0600, Dave Maciorowski wrote: >-- The phase 2 activity is to install a 25 mile Part 15 802.11b >point-to-point link equipped with data collection software to Hmmm.... has anyone actually been documented doing this under part 15? I've heard of occasional 5 mile links and even a 10 mile, but even the WISP's with 200' towers are going to licensed gear to get these kind of link distances. I've also heard of timing issues with 802.11b over large link distances. I once did a 12 mile 1 megabit link using some 900mhz WaveLan's but it was on the hairy edge. We had true LOS between the two endpoints. I think Dewayne Hendricks did some 30 mile Part 15 links so maybe he will chime in here. Not trying to discourage you, but you might want to look into something more robust. A couple 900mhz FreeWave modems, maybe under Part 15 and certainly under Part 97, should be able to do this assuming LOS and no interfer'ers in the way. They can sustain 115kbaud throughput, so I'd hope that would be enough for VoIP for your repeater. This is the one area (extreme LOS link distances) that there is an advantage to part 97. Don't forget under Part 15 there are ERP limitations but under Part 97 there are not. So maybe a couple TVRO dishes feed with 1 watt of 802.11b would do it. Remember, while the calculations may show a good link margin, you also want to reduce the receive aperture since you are so exposed on the mountaintop >Another idea is to build a transverter to move 802.11b to the 3GHz >ham band. (Is anyone aware of other groups working on this?) YDI and Teletronics have commercial transverters that take 2.4ghz to 5ghz. If you review the microwave and VHF/UHF conference proceedings, there are a number of transverter designs for the 3ghz ham band. Most of them use 144mhz as the IF but I imagine their designs might be a good start. >We also expect to see environmental changes by time of year >and weather. The NAB has some good charts relating link margin to expected outage times per year. In my experience it is fairly accurate. Good luck -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 12:02:58 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA08956 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 12:02:57 -0500 (CDT) From: "Dewayne Hendricks" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 10:01:26 -0700 Message-Id: Organization: Warp Speed Imagineering MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021020170126.15479@mail.warpspeed.com:25> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk >I once did a 12 mile 1 megabit link using some 900mhz WaveLan's but it was on >the hairy edge. We had true LOS between the two endpoints. I think Dewayne >Hendricks did some 30 mile Part 15 links so maybe he will chime in here. > >Not trying to discourage you, but you might want to look into something more >robust. A couple 900mhz FreeWave modems, maybe under Part 15 and certainly >under Part 97, should be able to do this assuming LOS and no interfer'ers in >the way. They can sustain 115kbaud throughput, so I'd hope that would be >enough for VoIP for your repeater. That is basically correct. During the Dave Hughes NSF Wireless Field Test project back in '95, we used 900 MHz FreeWave radios over flat terrain and did links of 40 miles. -- Dewayne WA8DZP --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 13:20:48 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA12122 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 13:20:48 -0500 (CDT) Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 14:24:06 -0400 (EDT) From: Jim Ussailis Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 18, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" cc: ss digest recipients In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Free space path loss at 2.45 GHz: PL = 22 dB + 20 Log(S/lambda) dB ; where S is range and Lambda is wavelength. Add to this the antenna gain at both ends of the path. Subtract the loss of any feedline. >From experience at 2.7 GHz, the multipath from trees will far outweight the loss due to tree attenuation. We used a sig gen once to make antenna patterns of a 24 ft dish on a hill top. On another hilltop, 6 miles away we had the sig gen feeding a 12 ft dish. On a windy day, the multipath went between almost a +6 dB increase to almost 30 dB loss. Jim, W1EQO --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 18:34:15 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id SAA24337 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 18:34:14 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 09:33:18 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id SAA24337 > In the U.S. it is illegal for licensed service to communicate > directly with an unlicensed service. In this instance, Part 97 > operation cannot communicate with part 15 on the 2.4 GHz band. Same in VK. However, it is quite legal to use the licence free networks as a carrier network and carry the amateur traffic in a VPN tunnel. The licence free network would be regarded in a similar manner to the Internet in this scenario, and we already tunnel data (wormholes/APRS Igates) and voice (IRLP, Echolink, etc) via the Internet legally. Using the unlicenced nodes as "carrier nodes" without a VPN is probably in violation of licence conditions in a lot of countries, because at the packet level, the amateur station is communicating with a non amateur station directly, even if the traffic contents only pass between amateur nodes. In any case, there is a LOT to be gained (like new technically minded hams) by working with the wireless experimenters. I'm quite involved in the local 802.11b scene down here for that reason (as well as it's plain good fun to tinker with the gear). :) --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 19:01:52 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id TAA25383 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 19:01:48 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:00:53 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id TAA25383 > Our racks on the mountain tops are full of link hardware (FM > voice). Lots of simplex frequencies are dedicated to linking > voice from > one mountain top to another. > > What we need are fat pipes to move the audio (VoIP) > from site to > site. We've been experimenting for years, but costs have > been prohibitive > for wide deployment. 802.11 brings the promise of > inexpensive linking > hardware coupled with open source software (primarily Linux-based) to > finally be able to implement the system that we've always envisioned. I see a lot of scope for IRLP like technology to link a network of repeaters. It is possible to do things here that can't be done (in most cases) on the Internet. For example, the underlying VoIP software that IRLP uses supports IP multicast. Design a ham network of reasonable speed and we can suddenly create very economical multicast links. Imagine one 16 or 32kbps stream linking a dozen repeaters across a state? This can't be done on the Internet as it stands, you'd need a server with enough bandwidth to support that dozen connections. Want another dozen repeaters? Sure, link them in, no extra bandwidth required (except the initial stream to be added where it wasn't propagating before). IPv6 in the long term would enhance this aspect even more, as IPv6 is designed with multicast as a standard part of the protocol, not an addin. I have tried Speak Freely in multicast mode on a wireless LAN at a recent Melbourne Wireless meeting. It worked very well, and the guys had a ball. Then pulled out the HT and showed them what VoIP and ham radio together are capable of... Yep, I see a lot of scope in regional high speed networks, VoIP, wireless experimenters and the future of ham radio. We just have to be ambassadors and salesmen to a large extent. :-) If you're going to create a routed network, make sure you're running a multicast routing daemon on the routers. Some of the wireless experimenters may also be able to help with setting up the routing mesh (there's a number down here playing with OSPF using modified versions of Zebra - that was the demo at another of our more practical meetings). Oh, and a number of us are also operational on IPv6 on the Internet. --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 20:46:58 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA29472 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 20:46:55 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 20:46:17 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB35C69.FBE3B9EB@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Tony Langdon wrote: > > > In the U.S. it is illegal for licensed service to communicate > > directly with an unlicensed service. In this instance, Part 97 > > operation cannot communicate with part 15 on the 2.4 GHz band. > > Same in VK. However, it is quite legal to use the licence free networks as > a carrier network and carry the amateur traffic in a VPN tunnel. The > licence free network would be regarded in a similar manner to the Internet > in this scenario, and we already tunnel data (wormholes/APRS Igates) and > voice (IRLP, Echolink, etc) via the Internet legally. > > Using the unlicenced nodes as "carrier nodes" without a VPN is probably in > violation of licence conditions in a lot of countries, because at the packet > level, the amateur station is communicating with a non amateur station > directly, even if the traffic contents only pass between amateur nodes. > > In any case, there is a LOT to be gained (like new technically minded hams) > by working with the wireless experimenters. I'm quite involved in the local > 802.11b scene down here for that reason (as well as it's plain good fun to > tinker with the gear). :) > I agree 100%. In fact I know hams (including myself) that use wireless microphones to go to their rigs. And others use their home Wi-Fi to connect their laptops to their Packet computer...running packet from the back yard on a summer day...WoW. NO PROBLEM. But let me set up this scenario for you. I am down in Floresville with 10 hams running a Part 15 network. We are communications wise cut off from the outside world. We have 2M repeater coverage but need to establish a high speed link from the hospital, city police, etc. to San Antonio and the closet I can get to Floresville is 25 miles. So now I am forced to use a Part 15 network to span the 25 miles. Not likely just after a hurricane with 100 MPH winds has torn through the town, followed by a tornado that went down main street and the 14 inches of rain in the past 36 hours with the San Antonio river running through town at 15 feet above flood stage. There are two 50 ft towers left in town. One at the fire station and one at another city government location. Local phone service IS available. The town is totally cut off. Wouldn't a Part 97 network with 400 watts ERP be a great asset? Man would VoIP be welcomed by the city government, police and fire department (EMS). If you think this can't happen, well it did Jul. 2-5, 2002 and it wasn't a hurricane or tornado, just high winds and 14 inches of rain. The town was completely cut off for 48 hours. In previous years, that township and others like it around San Antonio HAVE been in that situation. That's MY case for Part 97, 802.11 operation. WE used the heck out of 2M and of course VHF low band (30-50 MHz) and VHF high band (150-170 MHz). But no Internet or other land line communications. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 20:54:46 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA29644 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 20:54:39 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 20:53:42 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB35E26.2D166B72@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Comments on top. Tony, We have in Texas some really huge linked repeater systems. They will a node with a 2M input and one 70cm output in one direction and another 70cm output in another direction on another frequency. They have the capability of direction signals to specific nodes with out activating intermediate node outputs. Of course an individual can tie up intervening nodes. What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the link and then had the 2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and they would NOT tie up the link so others could not use it. Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on frequency until someone called me. Oh mama! that's what I want. Walt/K5YFW Tony Langdon wrote: > > > Our racks on the mountain tops are full of link hardware (FM > > voice). Lots of simplex frequencies are dedicated to linking > > voice from > > one mountain top to another. > > > > What we need are fat pipes to move the audio (VoIP) > > from site to > > site. We've been experimenting for years, but costs have > > been prohibitive > > for wide deployment. 802.11 brings the promise of > > inexpensive linking > > hardware coupled with open source software (primarily Linux-based) to > > finally be able to implement the system that we've always envisioned. > > I see a lot of scope for IRLP like technology to link a network of > repeaters. It is possible to do things here that can't be done (in most > cases) on the Internet. For example, the underlying VoIP software that IRLP > uses supports IP multicast. Design a ham network of reasonable speed and we > can suddenly create very economical multicast links. Imagine one 16 or > 32kbps stream linking a dozen repeaters across a state? This can't be done > on the Internet as it stands, you'd need a server with enough bandwidth to > support that dozen connections. Want another dozen repeaters? Sure, link > them in, no extra bandwidth required (except the initial stream to be added > where it wasn't propagating before). > > IPv6 in the long term would enhance this aspect even more, as IPv6 is > designed with multicast as a standard part of the protocol, not an addin. > > I have tried Speak Freely in multicast mode on a wireless LAN at a recent > Melbourne Wireless meeting. It worked very well, and the guys had a ball. > Then pulled out the HT and showed them what VoIP and ham radio together are > capable of... > > Yep, I see a lot of scope in regional high speed networks, VoIP, wireless > experimenters and the future of ham radio. We just have to be ambassadors > and salesmen to a large extent. :-) > > If you're going to create a routed network, make sure you're running a > multicast routing daemon on the routers. Some of the wireless experimenters > may also be able to help with setting up the routing mesh (there's a number > down here playing with OSPF using modified versions of Zebra - that was the > demo at another of our more practical meetings). Oh, and a number of us are > also operational on IPv6 on the Internet. > > --- > Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses > Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). > Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 > > > This correspondence is for the named person?s use only. It may contain > confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality > or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this > correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and > notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this > correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. > > Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 21:41:42 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA01954 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 21:41:39 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 12:25:08 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id VAA01954 > Wouldn't a Part 97 network with 400 watts ERP be a great asset? > Man would VoIP be > welcomed by the city government, police and fire department > (EMS). It would be a good asset. To make that happen though, we need a solution that will achieve good penetration in these days of plug and pray hams (let's face it, most people hand over a lot of cash or plastic and get a nice shiny box in return that they put on the air). Those of us who do want to tinker can certainly look after the infrastructure and routing details. Mind you, a lot of low powered nodes running Zebra could be worth experimenting with on a fine day before The Big One comes again... It might be that a number of mobile/portable stations with a laptop, battery, inverter, solar panel and tent perched on all the nearby hills or along the roadside might be as effective as a long haul link, but with one difference... They don't need permanent infrastructure that just got blown away. Dunno if it'll be of any use, but we should be looking at all our options while we can. After the storm is NOT the time to do it! :) I agree, we should look at some amateur high speed links, but there are also more ways to skin the proverbial cat.... Let's investigate all the options thoroughly with proper field trials and exercises to see how well they stack up under pressure. Oh, and we still have good old FM voice, packet and HF to gall back on if the new fangled stuff isn't up to snuff. The high speed networking just adds another string to our bow. :) --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 21:57:53 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id VAA02739 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 21:57:52 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 22:56:36 -0400 In-Reply-To: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021021025710.KOCQ9380.hughes-fe01@darla> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id VAA02739 On Sun, 20 Oct 2002 20:46:17 -0500, Walt DuBose wrote: >The town is totally cut off. > >Wouldn't a Part 97 network with 400 watts ERP be a great asset? This is a good reason we need to loosen up the Part 97 rules. Take a look at this part 15 rule: ===== 15.247(b)(4)(i) Systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band that are used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain greater than 6 dBi provided the maximum peak output power of the intentional radiator is reduced by 1 dB for every 3dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi. ====== Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an antenna, but entirely legal (15.23). -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 20 23:56:13 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id XAA08561 for ; Sun, 20 Oct 2002 23:56:09 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: wa7nwp@pop.mail.yahoo.com Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 21:54:57 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Bill Vodall - WA7NWP Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.2.0.58.20021020212738.00a31190@pioneernet.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk At 10:56 PM 10/20/02 -0400, Jeff King wrote: >This is a good reason we need to loosen up the Part 97 rules. Take a look at >this part 15 rule: > >===== >15.247(b)(4)(i) Systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band that are used >exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations may employ transmitting >antennas with directional gain greater than 6 dBi provided the maximum peak >output power of the intentional radiator is reduced by 1 dB for every 3dB >that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi. >====== > >Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, >giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an antenna, >but entirely legal (15.23). Doesn't it have to a "certified" system to make it truly legal? Probably the best thing the ARRL could do, with its (our!) experience and resources, would be to lobby the FCC to loosen up the Part-15 system requirements to allow experimenters to "legally" use Pringles cans or other antennas that actually work. That could be part of a proposal to loosen up the SS restrictions for the ham bands. I see huge benefit from putting SS to use on our mostly vacant VHF and UHF bands. There's no reason, given the current and rapidly advancing technology, that we shouldn't be able to actively use SS on 144 to 148 MHz, 1260-1300 MHz, and 430 to 450 MHz. Smart radios could learn where the existing legacy modes were used and bypass those channels when they are busy. I can see no benefit to running Part 97 and competing with the Wi-Fi Part-15 services. Part 97 content and other restrictions make it a non-player if Part-15 will do the job. If the low power won't work, then it's time to improve on the antenna or use other innovative solutions. We should work with the "Radio Amateurs" using Wi-Fi technology for experimentation and community networks. They're the fresh young blood in the field we've so often heard is needed. 73, Bill - WA7NWP --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 00:20:01 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id AAA11549 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:19:54 -0500 (CDT) X-Originating-IP: [12.111.229.138] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Cc: kilo.mike@gte.net Subject: [ss] HSMM Experimenters Group Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 01:18:49 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 21 Oct 2002 05:18:52.0842 (UTC) FILETIME=[587D40A0:01C278C1] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Gentlemen, Many of your concerns are simply not warranted based on our actual field experience. In the experimental high speed multimedia (HSMM) 2437 Mhz mesh network (under Part 97) we are deploying in southern Michigan, covering 5 miles with a small dish pointed back to one of the nodes (auto-repeaters) is a snap, if you know what you're doing. Yes, we have trees here, too. The ARRL 802.11b Standard protocol we are developing, coupled with the exclusive use of horizontal polarization, keeps us out of the way of the Part 15 vertically polarized users throughout the area, and BTW, gets through the trees better than vertical polarization. Come to the ARRL combined HSMM-DV-SDR technical forum at Dayton next year and get all the details, complete with our design for a 1 watt RF output, low noise bi-directional amplifier or the omni-directional high-gain horizontally polarized antenna, either of which you can build for under $50. Or, read the QST articles we are planning for 4Q02 or 1Q03. Running two-way streaming video with full duplex audio along with chat and text mode, complete with file transfers, all at the same time is not a problem when you have 1-3 Mbps and free MS NetMeeting software. Vy 73, John - K8OCL Chairman, ARRL HSMM Working Group _________________________________________________________________ Unlimited Internet access -- and 2 months free!  Try MSN. http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/2monthsfree.asp --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 00:32:38 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id AAA11790 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:32:31 -0500 (CDT) From: s.monsey@att.net To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: HSMM Experimenters Group Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:31:23 +0000 X-Authenticated-Sender: MjI4TTNjNShPZ1YxL1pTL1NVTUZYOUlgYjNXRU9kSFg= Message-Id: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <20021021053128.DSOQ20156.mtiwmhc11.worldnet.att.net@mtiwebc20> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Do you have a link where we can all read about this? Steve N0FPF > Gentlemen, > > Many of your concerns are simply not warranted based on our actual field > experience. In the experimental high speed multimedia (HSMM) 2437 Mhz mesh > network (under Part 97) we are deploying in southern Michigan, covering 5 > miles with a small dish pointed back to one of the nodes (auto-repeaters) is > a snap, if you know what you're doing. Yes, we have trees here, too. > > The ARRL 802.11b Standard protocol we are developing, coupled with the > exclusive use of horizontal polarization, keeps us out of the way of the > Part 15 vertically polarized users throughout the area, and BTW, gets > through the trees better than vertical polarization. > > Come to the ARRL combined HSMM-DV-SDR technical forum at Dayton next year > and get all the details, complete with our design for a 1 watt RF output, > low noise bi-directional amplifier or the omni-directional high-gain > horizontally polarized antenna, either of which you can build for under $50. > Or, read the QST articles we are planning for 4Q02 or 1Q03. > > Running two-way streaming video with full duplex audio along with chat and > text mode, complete with file transfers, all at the same time is not a > problem when you have 1-3 Mbps and free MS NetMeeting software. > > Vy 73, > John - K8OCL > Chairman, ARRL HSMM Working Group > > > > > _________________________________________________________________ > Unlimited Internet access -- and 2 months free!  Try MSN. > http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/2monthsfree.asp > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: s.monsey@att.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 03:13:28 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id DAA17053 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 03:13:17 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 12:27:33 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id DAA17053 > What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the > link and then had the > 2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and > they would NOT tie up > the link so others could not use it. That'd be a piece of cake with multicast. :) > > Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on > frequency until someone > called me. > > Oh mama! that's what I want. Well, for point to point, they'd have to call your IP. :) However, I'd go for trying at the infrastructure level first. The end user gets into issues such as roaming, which would be a bit more challenging. :) --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 05:48:40 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id FAA20254 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:48:37 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:47:46 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB3DB52.1AD97A2E@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Tony Langdon wrote: > > > Wouldn't a Part 97 network with 400 watts ERP be a great asset? > > Man would VoIP be > > welcomed by the city government, police and fire department > > (EMS). > > It would be a good asset. To make that happen though, we need a solution > that will achieve good penetration in these days of plug and pray hams > (let's face it, most people hand over a lot of cash or plastic and get a > nice shiny box in return that they put on the air). Those of us who do want > to tinker can certainly look after the infrastructure and routing details. > I personally like the idea of an "external" device that is tied to a LAN not tied to the computer. I think anything in the $300 range here in the U.S. wouod sell. I don't know about about down under, Europe, and elsewhere. > Mind you, a lot of low powered nodes running Zebra could be worth > experimenting with on a fine day before The Big One comes again... It might > be that a number of mobile/portable stations with a laptop, battery, > inverter, solar panel and tent perched on all the nearby hills or along the > roadside might be as effective as a long haul link, but with one > difference... They don't need permanent infrastructure that just got blown > away. Dunno if it'll be of any use, but we should be looking at all our > options while we can. After the storm is NOT the time to do it! :) Solar panels, during our storms we don't get enough sun to run anything off of solar. And "hills", you have got to be kidding. Roof tops are the highest things south of here. > > I agree, we should look at some amateur high speed links, but there are also > more ways to skin the proverbial cat.... Let's investigate all the options > thoroughly with proper field trials and exercises to see how well they stack > up under pressure. Oh, and we still have good old FM voice, packet and HF > to gall back on if the new fangled stuff isn't up to snuff. The high speed > networking just adds another string to our bow. :) > Yes, its true but I have yet to see a portable packet stations. But the folks who do emergency communications have computers. The packetters generally don't work emergency communications and those who do don't work packet. > --- > Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses > Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). > Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 > > > This correspondence is for the named person?s use only. It may contain > confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality > or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this > correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and > notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this > correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. > > Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 05:50:52 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id FAA20336 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:50:49 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:50:01 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB3DBD9.87F98609@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Tony Langdon wrote: > > > What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the > > link and then had the > > 2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and > > they would NOT tie up > > the link so others could not use it. > > That'd be a piece of cake with multicast. :) Whatever... > > > > Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on > > frequency until someone > > called me. > > > > Oh mama! that's what I want. > > Well, for point to point, they'd have to call your IP. :) However, I'd go > for trying at the infrastructure level first. The end user gets into issues > such as roaming, which would be a bit more challenging. :) > I think that you "broadcast" the DTMF tone and then when you answer you tie up only the node you are on. You would have to build in some "intelligence" into the system. > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 05:55:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id FAA20421 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:55:31 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 05:54:49 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DB3DCF9.4C4E389E@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Jeff King wrote: > > > > Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, > giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an antenna, > but entirely legal (15.23). > > -Jeff > And how much signal can you put into an antenna at the end of a 60ft coax run and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the same time? --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 06:41:02 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA22048 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 06:40:55 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 06:40:22 -0500 From: Gerry Creager N5JXS Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Organization: Da House User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <3DB3E7A6.6030402@tamu.edu> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk It's all well and good to know multicast make things easier, but between the state of commercial hardware and today's commodity Internet, multicast is almost, but not quite, a fiction. Now, if er want to talk about building this project based on a backbone of Linux or FreeBSD routers, we can talk reasonably about incorporating both IPv6 and multicast. And extant VoIP (voice and/or video). I agree that the first step is a well designed and implemented infrastructure. Or maybe that's second. First is limiting potential users' expectations to something realistic. Then, build it and they will come. gerry Tony Langdon wrote: >>What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the >>link and then had the >>2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and >>they would NOT tie up >>the link so others could not use it. > > > That'd be a piece of cake with multicast. :) > >>Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on >>frequency until someone >>called me. >> >>Oh mama! that's what I want. > > > Well, for point to point, they'd have to call your IP. :) However, I'd go > for trying at the infrastructure level first. The end user gets into issues > such as roaming, which would be a bit more challenging. :) > > --- > Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses > Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). > Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 > > > This correspondence is for the named person?s use only. It may contain > confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality > or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this > correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and > notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this > correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. > > Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: gerry.creager@tamu.edu > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 07:11:18 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA23669 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:11:10 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:10:28 -0500 From: Gerry Creager N5JXS Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Organization: Da House User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <3DB3EEB4.7040906@tamu.edu> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Walt DuBose wrote: > Jeff King wrote: >> >>Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, >>giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an antenna, >>but entirely legal (15.23). > > And how much signal can you put into an antenna at the end of a > 60ft coax run You mount the AP at the antenna with a media converter and run multimode fiber down the mast. This should be part of the jump kit. > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > same time? Antennas selection. And site selection. If the infrastructure is in place, then you have paths to the various sites. If it's not, you're going to have it add it in the midst of an emergency. In the old days, we implemented 220 MHz stations and a network of repeaters in all the hospitals in Fort Worth, Tx. Checked them regularly, made them as bullet-proof as possible. Used wire-remotes to get the handset down to the operations area. But, they weren't sexy, so the local hospital association decided to spend big bucks on getting their own inter-hospital network of voice systems. Well, first big storm that came through, when they expected to not need the hams, with the planned and tested infrastructure, they discovered that their repeater on the 1000 ft tower had lost antenna and coax in the wind, because it was too exposed to a big blow. The moral here is that we have, generally, a different mindset and experience level than the 2-way community about installation, maintenance and checkout of emergency gear. If we plan for worst-case storm damage contingencies, we tend to have gear working and in place up to the point that one of those hurricane-spawned tornados removes the structure. So: design it so that you have coverage to the EOC, hospitals and normal shelters. Think of a star topology with a central repeater/router. Use an omni at the core and yagis or dishes at the edge. Consider multiple, meshed core routers for failover redundancy. Use OSPF (who remembers using RSPF v0.1?) to achieve the failover mesh. If a link to the internet exists, plan to use EGRP/BGP to achieve appropriate linkage to the outside world. This is a pretty standard engineering exercise, complicated mainly by our unique restrictions on RF power and antennas as set down by the Feds, and by our requirements for robust operation post-event. It approaches, but really is not, rocket science. It does call for a good design phase prior to implementation. -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 07:13:21 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA23793 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:13:20 -0500 (CDT) From: Ron Schroeder Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-ID: References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:11:53 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <03d901c278fb$0acfa520$da6cc782@cad.bnl.gov> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > For instance, it seems to be quite legal for > > a licence-free repeater to carry amateur traffic > > between amateur stations. > > exactly. Part 15 can carry part 97 but part 97 can't carry part 15. This gets me a little confused. Does this mean, e.g., I CAN put a part 15 wireless remote speaker on my Ham HF xcvr, but I CAN'T put a part 15 wireless mic. on it? Ron Schroeder WD8CDH day 631 344-4561 nite 631 286-5677 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 07:14:16 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA23813 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:14:13 -0500 (CDT) From: "Mike McCarthy, W1NR" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:12:14 -0400 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Rcpt-To: List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Multicast and broadcast actually makes things more difficult when wireless networks are involved. You must take into account the fact that not all nodes on a wireless network can hear each other. When a client sends a broadcast or multicast packet to a node, it must be retransmitted by the node so that all of the associated clients can see the packet. The problem becomes more acute when multiple point-to-point links using high gain directional antenna are involved. In this case, the usual procedure is to retransmit the packet to each PtP node individually greatly decreasing the available bandwidth of the whole network. Mike, W1NR -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-28630@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-28630@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Gerry Creager N5JXS Sent: Monday, October 21, 2002 7:40 AM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... It's all well and good to know multicast make things easier, but between the state of commercial hardware and today's commodity Internet, multicast is almost, but not quite, a fiction. Now, if er want to talk about building this project based on a backbone of Linux or FreeBSD routers, we can talk reasonably about incorporating both IPv6 and multicast. And extant VoIP (voice and/or video). I agree that the first step is a well designed and implemented infrastructure. Or maybe that's second. First is limiting potential users' expectations to something realistic. Then, build it and they will come. gerry Tony Langdon wrote: >>What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the >>link and then had the >>2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and >>they would NOT tie up >>the link so others could not use it. > > > That'd be a piece of cake with multicast. :) > >>Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on >>frequency until someone >>called me. >> >>Oh mama! that's what I want. > > > Well, for point to point, they'd have to call your IP. :) However, I'd go > for trying at the infrastructure level first. The end user gets into issues > such as roaming, which would be a bit more challenging. :) > > --- > Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses > Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). > Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 > > > This correspondence is for the named person?s use only. It may contain > confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality > or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this > correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and > notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this > correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. > > Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: gerry.creager@tamu.edu > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: w1nr@eecorp.com To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 07:27:54 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA24406 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:27:39 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 07:26:39 -0500 From: Gerry Creager N5JXS Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Organization: Da House User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <3DB3F27F.5030300@tamu.edu> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Very good points. I shoulda had more coffee. We still need to work with a combined multicast/broadcast concept. We need to consider your points, however. What you're strongly arguing for is an intelligent routed core with multicast capable routers, as well as making each edge node either a bridge or another multicast capable router. Think true star or modified star topology. But, we're devolving into design minutia here. Is it time for that? gerry Mike McCarthy, W1NR wrote: > Multicast and broadcast actually makes things more difficult when > wireless networks are involved. You must take into account the fact > that not all nodes on a wireless network can hear each other. When > a client sends a broadcast or multicast packet to a node, it must be > retransmitted by the node so that all of the associated clients can > see the packet. The problem becomes more acute when multiple > point-to-point links using high gain directional antenna are involved. > In this case, the usual procedure is to retransmit the packet to each > PtP node individually greatly decreasing the available bandwidth of the > whole network. > > Mike, W1NR > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-28630@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-28630@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Gerry Creager N5JXS > Sent: Monday, October 21, 2002 7:40 AM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... > > > It's all well and good to know multicast make things easier, but between > the state of commercial hardware and today's commodity Internet, > multicast is almost, but not quite, a fiction. > > Now, if er want to talk about building this project based on a backbone > of Linux or FreeBSD routers, we can talk reasonably about incorporating > both IPv6 and multicast. And extant VoIP (voice and/or video). > > I agree that the first step is a well designed and implemented > infrastructure. Or maybe that's second. First is limiting potential > users' expectations to something realistic. Then, build it and they > will come. > > gerry > > Tony Langdon wrote: > >>>What if they had several VoIP channels available running down the >>>link and then had the >>>2M output at the node they wanted activated (VoIP to analog) and >>>they would NOT tie up >>>the link so others could not use it. >> >> >>That'd be a piece of cake with multicast. :) >> >> >>>Gee, them my DTMF decoder could block out all other "chatter" on >>>frequency until someone >>>called me. >>> >>>Oh mama! that's what I want. >> >> >>Well, for point to point, they'd have to call your IP. :) However, I'd go >>for trying at the infrastructure level first. The end user gets into > > issues > >>such as roaming, which would be a bit more challenging. :) >> >>--- >>Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses >>Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). >>Version: 6.0.404 / Virus Database: 228 - Release Date: 15/10/2002 >> >> >>This correspondence is for the named person?s use only. It may contain >>confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality >>or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this >>correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and >>notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this >>correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. >> >>Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. >> >> >>--- >>You are currently subscribed to ss as: gerry.creager@tamu.edu >>To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > -- > Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu > Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications > Texas A&M University, College Station, TX > Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: w1nr@eecorp.com > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: gerry.creager@tamu.edu > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org -- Gerry Creager -- gerry.creager@tamu.edu Network Engineering, Academy for Advanced Telecommunications Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Office: 979.458.4020 FAX: 979.847.8578 Cell: 979.229.5301 Page: 979.228.0173 --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 08:48:34 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA27695 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:48:33 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:47:38 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210211347.g9LDlcM01940@mail2.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Multicast and broadcast actually makes things more difficult when > wireless networks are involved. You must take into account the fact > that not all nodes on a wireless network can hear each other. When > a client sends a broadcast or multicast packet to a node, it must be > retransmitted by the node so that all of the associated clients can > see the packet. The problem becomes more acute when multiple > point-to-point links using high gain directional antenna are involved. > In this case, the usual procedure is to retransmit the packet to each > PtP node individually greatly decreasing the available bandwidth of the > whole network. > > Mike, W1NR With respect to Gerry's later reply to this E-Mail...it doesn't matter if you are on 20M, 2M or 802.11 on 2.4 GHz, the hidden transmitter will bite you in the pants every time that you don't take it into consideration. Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 08:56:45 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id IAA27882 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:56:40 -0500 (CDT) From: "Lyle Johnson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 06:54:05 -0700 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, > > giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of > > an antenna, but entirely legal (15.23). > And how much signal can you put into an antenna at the end of a > 60ft coax run At S band you put the Tx and Rx at the antenna, not at the end of a 60' coax! > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > same time? You use the mesh network... Regards, Lyle KK7P --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 10:00:49 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA02575 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:00:43 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 09:59:55 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210211459.g9LExtj12403@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > > Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain antenna, > > > giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of > > > an antenna, but entirely legal (15.23). > > > And how much signal can you put into an antenna at the end of a > > 60ft coax run > > At S band you put the Tx and Rx at the antenna, not at the end of a 60' > coax! > Agree. But from the text of the original E-mail it sounded like the reference was to a NIC in the PC. Now the question is, will a the device work in 120 deg Texas sun on my tower where the metal gets hot enough to fry an egg on? > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > same time? > > You use the mesh network... > Don't you still have to consider the hidden transmitter effect? > Regards, > > Lyle KK7P > 73, Walt/K5YFW > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 10:18:24 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA03229 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:18:19 -0500 (CDT) From: "Lyle Johnson" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 08:15:51 -0700 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Agree. But from the text of the original E-mail it sounded like > the reference was to a NIC in the PC. But you can make a widget to remote it... > > Now the question is, will a the device work in 120 deg Texas sun > on my tower where the metal gets hot enough to fry an egg on? We did a similar system (e.g., a 2.4 GHz DSSS transceiver using PRISM chipset components, with the RF remoted and the digital stuff local) in Tucson a few years ago where it got plenty warm :-) > > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > > same time? > > > > You use the mesh network... > > > Don't you still have to consider the hidden transmitter effect? Always. Part of the network protocol design. 73, Lyle KK7P --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 10:59:19 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA05383 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:59:15 -0500 (CDT) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:58:21 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King References: In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit User-Agent: IMP/PHP IMAP webmail program 2.2.7 X-Originating-IP: 64.9.221.42 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <1035215901.3db4241db8071@webmail.aerodata.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Quoting Bill Vodall - WA7NWP : > At 10:56 PM 10/20/02 -0400, Jeff King wrote: > >Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain > antenna, > >giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an > antenna, > >but entirely legal (15.23). > > Doesn't it have to a "certified" system to make it truly legal? 15.23 It needs to be certified if made for resale or more then 5 units. -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:00:58 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA05568 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:00:48 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:59:58 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210211559.g9LFxwj21456@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > Agree. But from the text of the original E-mail it sounded like > > the reference was to a NIC in the PC. > > But you can make a widget to remote it... Gotcha. how about the LinkSys WET11? Do you think it would survive outside in a tupperware container? > > > > Now the question is, will a the device work in 120 deg Texas sun > > on my tower where the metal gets hot enough to fry an egg on? > > We did a similar system (e.g., a 2.4 GHz DSSS transceiver using PRISM > chipset components, with the RF remoted and the digital stuff local) in > Tucson a few years ago where it got plenty warm :-) Well, if something will survive in Tuscon, it should survive the cool tempertures of Texas. I've been through Tuscon many times and try to always get to the Arizona border after sundown and leave before the sun gets too high in the sky. > > > > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > > > same time? > > > > > > You use the mesh network... > > > > > Don't you still have to consider the hidden transmitter effect? > > Always. Part of the network protocol design. Ok, that's good to know. You guys are the experts on protocol. Thanks for the input and info. Walt/K5YFW > > 73, > > Lyle KK7P > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:03:45 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA05687 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:03:39 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Sender: wa7nwp@pop.mail.yahoo.com Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 09:02:30 -0700 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Bill Vodall - WA7NWP Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <4.2.0.58.20021021085628.00ac4a00@pioneernet.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > same time? Community wireless folks are designing backbone nodes with multiple radios. Dedicated links in each direction as necessary. Just like we used to talk about doing for legacy packet. Isolation between systems at 2.4 GHz is easier to obtain then at 144 MHz or 440 MHz. Bill, WA7NWP --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:14:17 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA06306 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:14:12 -0500 (CDT) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:13:28 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King References: In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit User-Agent: IMP/PHP IMAP webmail program 2.2.7 X-Originating-IP: 64.9.221.42 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <1035216808.3db427a87af68@webmail.aerodata.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Quoting Walt DuBose : > Jeff King wrote: > > Ergo, my 100mw Part 15 Prism card can be hooked to a 36dBi gain > antenna, > > giving me 56dBm ERP (400 watt ERP) point to point link. Heck of an > antenna, > > but entirely legal. > > > > -Jeff > > > > And how much signal can you put into an antenna at the end of a > 60ft coax run I guess that depends on the loss of your coax. At 2.4ghz I'd avoid long coax runs regardless of what section of the rules one operates under. > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > same time? Three radios? Omni? Don't really understand the question. -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:18:44 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA06831 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:18:39 -0500 (CDT) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:17:46 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King References: In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit User-Agent: IMP/PHP IMAP webmail program 2.2.7 X-Originating-IP: 64.9.221.42 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <1035217066.3db428aa8ed66@webmail.aerodata.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Quoting dubose@texas.net: > > At S band you put the Tx and Rx at the antenna, not at the end of a > 60' > > coax! > > > Agree. But from the text of the original E-mail it sounded like > the reference was to a NIC in the PC. WET11 with POE. -Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:26:45 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA07746 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:26:44 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:25:54 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210211625.g9LGPsj24545@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > > > > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > > same time? > > Community wireless folks are designing backbone nodes with multiple > radios. Dedicated links in each direction as necessary. Just like > we used to talk about doing for legacy packet. Isolation between > systems at 2.4 GHz is easier to obtain then at 144 MHz or 440 MHz. > > Bill, WA7NWP That's a good idea and one way to do it; but, the question is will hams be willing to buy several "data radios" to do this. I can afford maybe two WET11s and a couple of antennas...and I have 60ft of really low loss hardline that I use portable. I even have a portable 30ft tower. But I think I am the exception. What is the average ham willing to buy/deploy? Those are the individuals who would be the meat of a deployable network operation. If this is the way to go then maybe its better to have a separate "device" like the LinkSys WET11. (No I"m not selling them nor do I have have stock in LinkSys...Hi Hi...I 'msimply am using it as an example.) Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 11:41:18 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA08504 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:41:16 -0500 (CDT) To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Message-ID: Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 11:40:30 -0500 (CDT) From: Jeff King References: In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit User-Agent: IMP/PHP IMAP webmail program 2.2.7 X-Originating-IP: 64.9.221.42 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <1035218430.3db42dfe51758@webmail.aerodata.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Quoting dubose@texas.net: > That's a good idea and one way to do it; but, the question is will hams > be > willing to buy several "data radios" to do this. These are the same guys that dump $2000+ on a HF radio along with all the attendent antennas, ect ect? > I can afford maybe two WET11s and a couple of antennas... Paid $98 for a WET11 last week. Superpass has a 8dBi omni for $60 or a 24dBi dish antenna (from Calfornia Microwave) is about the same price. > and I have 60ft of really low loss hardline No coax. You run a ethernet cable to the WET11, and run the power for it on the unused 100baseT pairs. WET11 is mounted to the back of your antenna. Use a Serpac NMEA box from digikey. > What is the average ham willing to buy/deploy? Those are the > individuals who would be the meat of a deployable network operation. The real question is "does the average ham" have a need for something like this? I don't think money is the issue, it is the need. If SS high speed useage is to take off in amateur radio, IMHO, most of the new influx will come from outside the hobby. The computer geeks have a real need and vision for high speed community networks. We just need to make part 97 attractive to them. BTW, when I was involved in the TAPR SS STA back a few years ago, I gave a number of presentations on our work in Ann Arbor/Detroit. Both at ham clubs and computer clubs. The ham presentations mostly focused on this new "mode" and after words a few of them approached me after the talk and expressed interest in "working this new mode". The computer clubs where a entirely different story. They where very interesting in what they could do with spread spectrum wirless. They had a real compelling use for it. They had a vision. This is the difference. Regards, Jeff --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 14:54:07 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA22625 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 14:54:06 -0500 (CDT) From: Ron Schroeder Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-ID: References: Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 15:53:11 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: <043a01c2793b$7c262060$da6cc782@cad.bnl.gov> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk ----- Original Message ----- From: "Walt DuBose" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Sent: Monday, October 21, 2002 6:47 AM Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks > Solar panels, during our storms we don't get enough sun to run > anything > off of solar. That is true but that is what batteries are for and also, usually the sun come out again long before utility power is restored. Ron Schroeder WD8CDH day 631 344-4561 nite 631 286-5677 2KW of solar panels and 3000AH of batteries on my house. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 15:26:11 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA24741 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 15:26:10 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 21:24:42 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 21/10/2002 21:25:12 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Now, what would be interesting is to see if the > ID was required in MORSE CODE or it was required > using CW modulation. These are not the same thing. Ok wiseguy! You're correct, it should be in "morse telegraphy or telephony". So emitting a .wav file of dahs and dits using some kind of broadcast media protocol would seem legal, if I chose to adopt that format for morse traffic. Or just "." and "-" in ascii. It does not say CW (or A1A) modulation. I could adopt any modulation for morse code. The only thing to watch is the 20wpm; WLANs would transmit even a wav file much faster than real-time. But I could hack up a tcl script in 10 minutes that bumps out my callsign in "." and "-" s-l-o-w-l-y... Ant M1FDE For those that give a toss, (else ignore) the full words are: Identification 7(1) subject to sub-clause (lA) below, which does not apply to operation via repeaters during transmissions, the Licensee shall transmit the callsign specified in the Validation Document: (a) during initial calls ("CQ" calls); (b) at the beginning and at the end of each period of communication with a licensed amateur and when the period of communication is longer than 15 minutes, at the end of each interval of 15 minutes; (c) at the beginning of transmission on a new frequency (whenever the frequency of transmission is changed); (d) by the same type of transmission that is being used for the communication; (e) on the same carrier frequency that is being used for the communication; and (f) by morse telegraphy or telephony, at the end of each 30 minute period during which transmissions are sent from the Station (unless already transmitting in morse telegraphy or telephony). If the Licensee is conducting automatic operations involving digital communications then he shall transmit the callsign under this sub-clause at a maximum speed of 20 words per minute. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 15:42:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA25712 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 15:42:31 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 21:41:10 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 21/10/2002 21:41:40 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > In the U.S. it is illegal for licensed service to communicate > directly with an unlicensed service. In this instance, Part 97 Is that exactly what it says? too bad. In anycase, WLANs are "license-free" or "license-exempt", not "unlicensed." An "unlicensed service" would be illegal! AFAICT the amateur licence only covers the licensee and the licensee's station. So if he transmits traffic to an amateur and receives traffic from an amateur then he's compliant. If the traffic goes via a 3rd party passive or active reflector it's not relevant to his licence at all. The exact phrase in my license is "The Licensee shall address Messages only to other licensed amateurs or the stations of licensed amateurs". This restricts only the intended target destination at the time a message is composed by the operator. How the messages get there once addressed and transmitted, or to whom it then actually goes, is not and cannot be regulated as it happens beyond the bounds of the station. The clause says nothing about any routing info which I could add to the message, only the addressed end recipient. Also, "Message" is understood to mean the text or speech that comes from the person, and not the data framing or protocol added by equipment. The "licence-free" wlan device, OTOH, doesn't have any rules about traffic at all. Only about powers and bandwidths. The old Wireless Telegraphy act forbids persons disclosing messages they received but not intended for them, but persons are not going to see any traffic forwarded by their WLAN node, and it will only hold meaningless fragments of messages anyway. There is plenty of precedent for 3rd parties handling amateur traffic. For a kickoff, the ionosphere and the moon have never been amateur licensees. When commercial repeaters intrude on amateur bands, the usual response is to use them as much as possible! And then we also have a lot of internet linking, and who knows how many non-amateur wireless LOS links that goes over, encrypted as well. You are not normally required to go and verify the credentials of every packet digipeater you operate through - If your packet got routed through a bogus one I don't see that as cause for getting /your/ licence revoked. In particular, unattended repeaters usually operate under a different license to yours, so repeaters don't have to be compliant to your own license rules. There is also the issue with network-management data (rather than traffic) going to and from 3rd party computers. But as far as I see it, you're supposed to have dialogue with other users of shared bands to negotiate proper process to avoid interference. That's always been the reason for having common modes like morse. When your AP goes to his AP and agrees not to shout at the same time, but to co-operate in the 'best practice' for such devices to limit mutual interference, that equates to the same thing. We should encourage politeness and mutual assistance on shared bands, and not try to shut our ears to other users. Be that the attitude of operators, or that of firmware. The objective of the rules is to keep amateur spectrum free for amateurs, and to stop people using an amateur ticket for commercial traffic. When everyone has free access anyway to this chunk of spectrum, this becomes somewhat irrelevant. In all the other shared bands, the other user (eg the military, the aviation authority) manages and organises his spectrum use and co-operates (to more or less degree) with amateurs through official channels. He has very different objectives to amateurs. Nobody is managing 2.4GHz users. The only management will be through community WLAN organisations or amateurs taking the lead and educating people about how radio works. Or automatic management of the nodes in question by in-built protocols. Shared users of the band should be friends, not foes. If that puts me at odds with some country's band planning authorities, then so be it. It don't like it as a reason to design equipment with war-like in-built confrontation & distrust, and de-programmed for anti-interoperability. Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 17:06:57 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA00209 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 17:06:54 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 08:06:15 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id RAA00209 > I personally like the idea of an "external" device that is tied > to a > LAN not tied to the computer. I think anything in the $300 > range here > in the U.S. wouod sell. I don't know about about down under, > Europe, > and elsewhere. Well, I'm sure some sort of embedded device could be made, though most of us have found broken laptops running Linux have been the cheapest way out (who needs a screen on their router? :) ). > Solar panels, during our storms we don't get enough sun to run > anything > off of solar. And "hills", you have got to be kidding. Roof > tops are the > highest things south of here. Well, that's what SLA's are for. I've got a 55AH SLA. I'm sure that'd keep me going until the weather cleared enough to allow reasonable sunlight to filter in. Often the emergency period lasts somewhat longer than the storm, and it's that extended period where the solar generation is most useful. Of course, in the tradition of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, pedal power could be used.... :-) > Yes, its true but I have yet to see a portable packet stations. > But the > folks who do emergency communications have computers. The > packetters > generally don't work emergency communications and those who do > don't > work packet. Well, any TNC can be configured as a digi and left in a convenient place. Some also support smart switching/routing, or you can add things such as NET/ROM. All running off a SLA. This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 17:08:18 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA00256 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 17:08:16 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 08:07:14 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id RAA00256 > I think that you "broadcast" the DTMF tone and then when you > answer > you tie up only the node you are on. You would have to build in > some > "intelligence" into the system. DTMF tone? I thought we were going digital... This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 20:40:59 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id UAA10110 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 20:40:57 -0500 (CDT) Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 21:44:28 -0400 (EDT) From: Jim Ussailis Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" cc: ss digest recipients In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Two items: 1. Getting on the 3 GHz ham band with 802.11 stuff is easy. Get a Minicircuits catalog, choose a mixer and an amplifier. Then you will need a local oscillator. This may be the difficult part as those VCOs that minicircuits sells are made to be controlled by a phase-locked loop. They are not stable otherwise. But, you can usually talk for (or marginally pay for) a "developers board" for a phased-lock loop oscillator circuit from one of the big guys that manufacture PLL ICs. Some of them come with all parts...ocassionally installed! Now your "upconverter," suitable for either reception of transmission is ready to be cabled and provided power. If you are really swift, you could add a couple of solid=state switches to make a bidirectional converter. For good info on solid-state swiches see Microwave Semiconductor Engineering by White (who I believe is also a ham). One can easily be fabricated with two diodes and a very small amount of pc board. 2. Maximizing link gain. On thise very long Part 15 paths, try also rotating each antenna just a bit in elevation. This will allow the ground-bounce multipath to either enhance the signal, or lessen the reduction of the signal. This trick is nothing new. It is done on all "ground-bounce" antenna ranges such as the one at MIT LL. Jim, W1EQO --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 22:58:19 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA16654 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 22:58:13 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 08:10:50 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id WAA16654 > You mount the AP at the antenna with a media converter and > run multimode > fiber down the mast. This should be part of the jump kit. With some APs, you can use Power over Ethernet (PoE) to run DC and Ethernet up a Cat 5 cable to a mast mounted AP. Several of the guys down here are using that technique to avoid feedline losses. This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 22:59:04 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA16674 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 22:58:56 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 09:00:53 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > No coax. You run a ethernet cable to the WET11, and run the > power for it on the > unused 100baseT pairs. WET11 is mounted to the back of your > antenna. Use a > Serpac NMEA box from digikey. As I said, Power over Ethernet (PoE). Several here have homebrewed PoE feeds with a lot of success (one of the Melbourne Wireless guys was showing off his modified AP and PoE feed for masthead use at the last meeting). > BTW, when I was involved in the TAPR SS STA back a few years > ago, I gave a > number of presentations on our work in Ann Arbor/Detroit. > Both at ham clubs and > computer clubs. The ham presentations mostly focused on this > new "mode" and > after words a few of them approached me after the talk and > expressed interest > in "working this new mode". The computer clubs where a > entirely different > story. They where very interesting in what they could do with > spread spectrum > wirless. They had a real compelling use for it. They had a vision. I think you're right. The real push in this area is coming from the computer geeks who just want to shovel data around at reasonable speed and low ongoing cost (I resemble that remark ;) ). A lot have faced the reality of learning a lot of new things such as antennas and propagation, basic electronics and advanced networking, but the end result is everyone learns. Add a ham or two to the mix , and things can really start to happen. My aim is to go full circle and get some of the wireless guys into ham radio itself, as well as (not instead of) working with the unlicenced mesh network. That kind of cross-pollination can only be good for both activities, as long as we're open to it. The kind of people that get into wireless networking have skills that ham radio could do with more of - programming, networking, UNIX/Linux, and so-on. In return, we have the experience with radio and antennas that they tend to lack. > > This is the difference. Let's use it to everyone's advantage. This correspondence is for the named person's use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 21 22:59:23 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA16681 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 22:59:21 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: mesh networks Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 08:43:58 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > > and what if you need to talk in 3 different directions at the > > > same time? > > > > You use the mesh network... > > > Don't you still have to consider the hidden transmitter effect? The interesting thing here is as you increase the number of nodes and reduce their range, the hidden transmitter effect becomes less important. I've read a couple of research papers on the topic, and the end result of a high density mesh is improved throughput. Yes, there are going to be collisions, but only between a limited number of nodes for a given packet. I was also under the impression that 802.11b, even in iBSS (peer-peer - ad-hoc is obsolete) mode takes some steps to minimise collisions and can actually have the reverse probem where a node thinks it might collide with another transmitter, so it doesn't transmit. In any case, it makes sense to me to join forces with the wireless experimenters and try building some real world mesh networks. Joining up with the unlicenced people and running it as part 15 (sic - I hate regional centric terminology) for the first cut keeps cost down and increases the potential node density. We can branch off at any time as we see fit, taking into account the results of early experiments. This correspondence is for the named person's use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 22 13:14:09 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA16889 for ; Tue, 22 Oct 2002 13:14:08 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 19:12:40 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 22/10/2002 19:13:09 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > 1. Getting on the 3 GHz ham band with 802.11 stuff is > easy. Get a Minicircuits catalog, Yes I could do that, no bother. LO, 2 mixers, and some good filtering. And a good PA while we're there. Would I get more QSOs with 802.11 on 3.4GHz? :^) More hits on my webserver? If the 2.4GHz band gets full up, I can't find a channel for my station, and there's too much QRM then perhaps I'll go there. Until then 2.4G seems just fine. I'd recommend the Nat Semi synth chips, very easy to use and they just work, no trouble. They'll run 2.5GHz LO's directly. eg. LMX2370 etc, I think there are faster ones now. And the Maxim mixers and LNA chips are good. They're tame and do exactly what they say in the book. Avoid RFMD's chips, all the RFMD chips I've used had oscillation greif that took a 13GHz network analyser to sort out. You won't have a 13GHz analyser. RFMD don't either :-) Note that 2.4GHz PA chips have an exposed paddle; to ground them properly requires a PTH PCB and hot-gas rework equipment, and even then expect to loose a few. HP (Agilent) PIN diodes are good 2.4GHz antenna switches, eg. HSMP-389V; there are app notes that describe. There are also GaAsfet switch chips. In both cases the loss is 0.8dB-ish, but diodes are cheap & robust. Seen plenty of dead LNAs and PAs but never a dead PIN diode :-) Ceramic filters typically have a loss of 2dB, so expect to loose 3dB of your Tx power between the PA and the antenna hole. Yep, and 3dB of Rx power coming the other way too. A whole 6dB of link budget disappears here in 802.11b land. If you get to the giddy heights of the 5W level the tool of the trade is cavity diplexers; you want 802.11 with split-frequencies to do that. And most of that wasted 6dB could be yours. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 22 13:54:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA18879 for ; Tue, 22 Oct 2002 13:54:37 -0500 (CDT) content-class: urn:content-classes:message Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 13:58:09 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Thread-Topic: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 Thread-Index: AcJ5/Pax5EJJzDGwTVa53WqjwScQiQ== X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 From: "Jason A. Beens" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3ED688DB5D46C04695CFB16A7CBA5F0C11371D@office.sa-office.sensetechnologies.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id NAA18879 Has anyone tried the Silicon Labs ( http://www.silabs.com/ )offerings for PLL/VCO like the SI413x? They look very promising for making a compact low power up/down converter. Just curious... Jason Beens KB0CDN -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-22185@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-22185@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Anthony N Martin Sent: Tuesday, October 22, 2002 1:13 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 > 1. Getting on the 3 GHz ham band with 802.11 stuff is > easy. Get a Minicircuits catalog, Yes I could do that, no bother. LO, 2 mixers, and some good filtering. And a good PA while we're there. Would I get more QSOs with 802.11 on 3.4GHz? :^) More hits on my webserver? If the 2.4GHz band gets full up, I can't find a channel for my station, and there's too much QRM then perhaps I'll go there. Until then 2.4G seems just fine. I'd recommend the Nat Semi synth chips, very easy to use and they just work, no trouble. They'll run 2.5GHz LO's directly. eg. LMX2370 etc, I think there are faster ones now. And the Maxim mixers and LNA chips are good. They're tame and do exactly what they say in the book. Avoid RFMD's chips, all the RFMD chips I've used had oscillation greif that took a 13GHz network analyser to sort out. You won't have a 13GHz analyser. RFMD don't either :-) Note that 2.4GHz PA chips have an exposed paddle; to ground them properly requires a PTH PCB and hot-gas rework equipment, and even then expect to loose a few. HP (Agilent) PIN diodes are good 2.4GHz antenna switches, eg. HSMP-389V; there are app notes that describe. There are also GaAsfet switch chips. In both cases the loss is 0.8dB-ish, but diodes are cheap & robust. Seen plenty of dead LNAs and PAs but never a dead PIN diode :-) Ceramic filters typically have a loss of 2dB, so expect to loose 3dB of your Tx power between the PA and the antenna hole. Yep, and 3dB of Rx power coming the other way too. A whole 6dB of link budget disappears here in 802.11b land. If you get to the giddy heights of the 5W level the tool of the trade is cavity diplexers; you want 802.11 with split-frequencies to do that. And most of that wasted 6dB could be yours. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: jbeens@sensetechnologies.com To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 22 14:25:54 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA20593 for ; Tue, 22 Oct 2002 14:25:53 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Transverters for 2.4GHz To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 20:23:29 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 22/10/2002 20:23:59 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Some basic analysis on the practicalities of transverters using 2.4GHz WLAN as IF. You cannot transvert 2.4GHz to 1.2GHz practically. The LO falls in-band to the RF, and the 2nd harmonic of LO falls in-band to the IF, total non-starter. Ok, high-side 3725MHz LO is an option, but here in the upconverter 2*IF-LO comes in-band at low RF frequencies, one very big Tx sprog that can't be fixed. It's a dead duck. The bird won't fly. Transverting 2.4GHz to 5.6GHz has a problem in the upconversion where LO*3-IF*4 falls inband to RF. The level of this mixing product will be ~-30dBc and unacceptable. Aiming high with an LO around 3.4GHz seems workable, as the mixing product goes out of the way. We share a CEPT ISM band here- Deja vu? Transverting 2.4GHz to 3.4GHz you have the product LO*6-IF in the upconversion which is likely to be marginally acceptable. At the bottom of the band it's 200MHz away from the wanted, so it defines a non-trivial filtering problem. Choice of mixer may help, but the signal levels won't. Prudent to test some mixers before going any further. Alternatively, a high-side 5875MHz LO is an excellent choice, although a lot harder to generate, and needs a faster mixer, it makes the filters a lot easier. Transverting 2.4GHz to 10GHz gives a product LO*2-IF*2, again, quite a high level unwanted. It's 400MHz above when tuned to the bottom of the band, but only 100MHz away tuned to the top. A filtering problem I'd not even attempt. If you aimed high in the 10GHz band using a 7.9 to 8.0GHz LO, it appears you can win and there are no problematic unwanted products and the filtering is relatively relaxed. ... Don't assume all frequency conversions are practical ones. Making radios work involves judicious choices of IF & LO frequencies. It's called "receiver architecture". In a transverter you have fewer variables and less freedom. I'm using the UK amateur allocations so any resemblance to international conformity is coincidental. And band plans, say what? FYI UK allocations 1240-1325MHz, 3400-3475MHz, 5650-5850MHz, 10-10.5GHz Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-message-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 23 04:44:05 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id EAA27240 for ; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 04:44:04 -0500 (CDT) Message-Id: X-Lyris-Type: unsub-conf-req From: Lyris Reply-To: Lyris To: lyris.ss@tapr.org Subject: Your confirmation is needed (ok 6751) Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 05:26:45 -0500 Your email address 'lyris.ss@tapr.org' has been submitted to be unsubscribed from the 'ss' mailing list. This unsubscribe command requires your confirmation that you want to be unsubscribed. To confirm that you do want to unsubscribe, reply to this message so that the words "ok 6751" appear somewhere on the subject line. Make sure that your reply message is addressed to unsubscribe-confirm@lists.tapr.org You will receive notification that your confirmation has been received, and that you have been unsubscribed. If you do not want to unsubscribe, do nothing. You will be kept on the mailing list. --- Return-Path: <@guaweb.com:jzlin@bp-it.nl> Received: from guaweb.com ([211.154.38.72]) by lists.tapr.org with SMTP (Lyris Server version 3.0); Wed, 23 Oct 2002 05:26:41 -0500 Received: from pat.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk([195.205.230.210]) by guaweb.com(JetMail 2.5.3.0) with SMTP id jm5e3db6d84c; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 09:36:57 -0000 Message-ID: <00004820207c$000026da$000032fe@botext2.bot.or.th> To: ss-request From: "Service Center" Subject: Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 02:44:02 -1900 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable # Mail sent to leave-ss-6751t was converted to these commands: unsubscribe ss lyris.ss@tapr.org confirm end # This is the text of the message that triggered the action: Return-Path: <@guaweb.com:jzlin@bp-it.nl> Received: from guaweb.com ([211.154.38.72]) by lists.tapr.org with SMTP (Lyris Server version 3.0); Wed, 23 Oct 2002 05:26:41 -0500 Received: from pat.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk([195.205.230.210]) by guaweb.com(JetMail 2.5.3.0) with SMTP id jm5e3db6d84c; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 09:36:57 -0000 Message-ID: <00004820207c$000026da$000032fe@botext2.bot.or.th> To: From: "Service Center" Subject: Want an Investment Backed By Real Property? Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 02:44:02 -1900 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Government "Secured" Tax Certificates
PAY YOU Between 15%-300% GUARANTEED!
  • Find Real Estate For Pennies On The Dollar
  • Receive Flexible Options For Your Money
  • Get Away From The Market Fluctuations
  • Receive a Collateralized Investment Opportunity
  • Get a Guaranteed Rate of Return On Your Investment
    • *(The numbers used= below are real examples. Individual
    situations vary in all 50 states.= Affidavits are on file.)     <= td>$64,505.35= <= td>$33,900.00$8,250.00$4,635.00
    StateAmount Paid= Sold ForProfit
    Kansas$21,000.00$170,00= 0.00$149,000.00
    Michigan$422.43$64928.08
    Oklahoma$300.00$20,000.00$19,700.00
    Florida$24,000$63,900.00
    Colorado$1,837.09$23,308.62$21,471.53
    Arizona$250.00$8,500.00
    Georgia$264.62$4,900.00

    We are the nation's largest single source of inform= ation/education for the government tax industry. Discover the secrets banks have been us= ing for over 100 years. Enjoy security in your investment(s) with the highest guaranteed interest = returns compared to any other investment.

    Fill Out The Fo= rm Below To Receive your FREE copy of:
    Insider Secrets to Investing In Government
    Secured Tax Certificates
    (A $39.95 Value)
    Required Input F= ield*

    Objective


    *Note:     If you are using a web based email s= ystem (such as:
    Yahoo!, Hotmail etc.) the form above will not work.
    Instead of using the form, please= click here.
    *You need to include your name, state, and phone number in
    th= e body of the message to receive a response. Thank you.
    To be removed from our list, please send an email to: delete@virtual-biz.net
    Include the word "remove" in the subje= ct line.

    From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 23 06:08:55 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA29351 for ; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 06:08:54 -0500 (CDT) Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 07:12:05 -0400 (EDT) From: Jim Ussailis Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 22, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" cc: ss digest recipients In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk 1. Am glad to see that someone else is looking at harmonic modulation mixer products. Yes, selection of freqs is NOT a trival operation. One thing I did learn from someone else's mistake is to beware anytime the LO and RF are related by a power of two. Old Watkins-Johnson catalogs did have a good theory section regarding these products. There was also an article in RF & Microwaves in the early '70s. Some folks call them "M by N," or "M X N" products. 2. The big problem I see with 2.45 is the microwave oven. Freq assignment is 2450 +/- 50 MHz. And they don't have much in the way of freq control. They drift. They are also pulsed emitters, and can splatter junk over a lot of the band. 3. on building a converter. Expect 3/4 dB loss per inch if using FR-4 PCB material. Best not to use the stuff, even tho it is cheap. Jim W1EQO --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 23 06:31:51 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA00531 for ; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 06:31:48 -0500 (CDT) From: xlpitlum Message-Id: Subject: [ss] Re: Transverters for 2.4GHz In-Reply-To: from Anthony N Martin at "Oct 22, 2002 8:23:29 pm" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 06:30:57 -0500 (CDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210231130.GAA10420@online.dct.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Some basic analysis on the practicalities of > transverters using 2.4GHz WLAN as IF. > > You cannot transvert 2.4GHz to 1.2GHz practically. > The LO falls in-band to the RF, and the 2nd harmonic > of LO falls in-band to the IF, total non-starter. > Ok, high-side 3725MHz LO is an option, but here > in the upconverter 2*IF-LO comes in-band at low > RF frequencies, one very big Tx sprog that can't > be fixed. It's a dead duck. The bird won't fly. > Transverting 2.4GHz to 5.6GHz has a problem in the > upconversion where LO*3-IF*4 falls inband to RF. > The level of this mixing product will be ~-30dBc > and unacceptable. Aiming high with an LO around > 3.4GHz seems workable, as the mixing product > goes out of the way. We share a CEPT ISM band > here- Deja vu? > > Transverting 2.4GHz to 3.4GHz you have the product > LO*6-IF in the upconversion which is likely to be > marginally acceptable. At the bottom of the band > it's 200MHz away from the wanted, so it defines > a non-trivial filtering problem. Choice of mixer > may help, but the signal levels won't. Prudent > to test some mixers before going any further. > Alternatively, a high-side 5875MHz LO is an > excellent choice, although a lot harder to > generate, and needs a faster mixer, it makes the > filters a lot easier. > > Transverting 2.4GHz to 10GHz gives a product > LO*2-IF*2, again, quite a high level unwanted. > It's 400MHz above when tuned to the bottom of the > band, but only 100MHz away tuned to the top. A > filtering problem I'd not even attempt. If you > aimed high in the 10GHz band using a 7.9 to 8.0GHz > LO, it appears you can win and there are no > problematic unwanted products and the filtering > is relatively relaxed. > > > ... Don't assume all frequency conversions are > practical ones. Making radios work involves > judicious choices of IF & LO frequencies. It's > called "receiver architecture". In a transverter > you have fewer variables and less freedom. > > I'm using the UK amateur allocations so any > resemblance to international conformity is > coincidental. And band plans, say what? > > FYI UK allocations > 1240-1325MHz, 3400-3475MHz, > 5650-5850MHz, 10-10.5GHz > It's all moot considering Teletronics already sells up/down converters for the 900 MHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands: www.teletronics.com/tii/products/udc/udc_table.html so it is possible. It may be better to utilize the on-board 280 MHz IF that is used in the PRISM chipsets. There is also the possibility of changing the 2122-2203 MHz PRISM LO to something different, and adding our own TX/RX sections. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 23 06:43:13 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA00873 for ; Wed, 23 Oct 2002 06:43:09 -0500 (CDT) From: xlpitlum Message-Id: Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 In-Reply-To: from Anthony N Martin at "Oct 22, 2002 7:12:40 pm" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2002 06:42:20 -0500 (CDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210231142.GAA11850@online.dct.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > Avoid RFMD's chips, all the RFMD chips I've used > had oscillation greif that took a 13GHz network > analyser to sort out. You won't have a 13GHz > analyser. RFMD don't either :-) You can purchase complete evaluation kit PCBs if you're having problems. > HP (Agilent) PIN diodes are good 2.4GHz antenna > switches, eg. HSMP-389V; there are app notes that > describe. There are also GaAsfet switch chips. > In both cases the loss is 0.8dB-ish, but diodes > are cheap & robust. Seen plenty of dead LNAs and > PAs but never a dead PIN diode :-) Here some more info: Application of PIN diodes http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pdf/an922.pdf Fast switching PIN diodes http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pdf/an929.pdf Applications for the HSMP-3890 surface mount switching PIN diode http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pdf/An1072.pdf > > Ceramic filters typically have a loss of 2dB, > so expect to loose 3dB of your Tx power between > the PA and the antenna hole. Yep, and 3dB of Rx Or use a 0.5 dB IL low pass filter after the PA and save the bandpass for the RX input. On another note, I was sent a close-up picture of a YDI 2440 2.4 GHz bi-directional amplifier, we should try to pick it apart: http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pics/ydi2440.jpg They scratch the numbers off all the ICs. The PA is a Pacific Monolithics PM2117. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 24 09:53:35 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id JAA03940 for ; Thu, 24 Oct 2002 09:53:31 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2002 15:47:16 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 24/10/2002 15:48:00 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > > Avoid RFMD's chips, all the RFMD chips I've used > > had oscillation greif that took a 13GHz network > > analyser to sort out. You won't have a 13GHz > > analyser. RFMD don't either :-) > You can purchase complete evaluation kit PCBs if > you're having problems. They give me the evaluation PCBs. It doesn't matter what board you put the chip on. Yes they work fine between 50 ohm terminations. If it's got positive reflection loss at 11GHz then it oscillates when connected to filters or the matching network of the previous stage. Hard to fix at board level, should be fixed at chip level. They should at least tell you about it. But RFMD don't know as they don't characterise over 6GHz. I don't like chips with nasty suprises. In some cases the evaluation PCBs don't match the advice given in the datasheet. Don't assume chip makers are infalliable, always know what they're doing, and always do a good job. They cut corners like everyone else does! Frequently we've received s-paramater data from companies that makes no sense at all. Datasheet circuits and evaluation circuits are intended for test and characterisation. Some engineers think that by cloning the datasheet circuit, they avoid risk and their ass is covered. Not so. Circuits need a proper rethink to make them suitable for reproducible manufacture and for a specific application. You might remember a period where motorola transistor datasheets had layouts of test jigs with 5 huge tweaker capacitors in them. This resulted in an entire generation of PA amplifiers tweaked up with big capacitors, as if there was no other way to do it. These days we'd design the right multistage matching network with much lower component sensitivity using fixed components, PCB tracks, and s-paramater data. RFMD are turning out new devices so fast their databook is now about 3 inches thick of nothing but RF chips. I've been through the .jpg of the YDI2440. I've scanned a few PCBs on a flatbed and they come out very well :-) Tiny 0402 components in VCOs and bondwires inside SAW filters can scanned at 1200 dpi and blown up, almost like a microscope. Quite a neat trick. No suprises in the circuit though. U2 & U5 are GaAs switches. U5 is just a National dual op-amp, probably a fairly quick one, doing tx/rx switching. D1 is the radio Tx power detector, probably a common Agilent low-capacitance dual schottky or similar. U4 is the LNA. Similar to RF2442 or RF2324 or RF2304 (depending on gain & supply) but it doesn't match the pinouts of any RFMD amp chip. FL1 is a standard murata ceramic filter for 2.4GHz. C34-35-36 and the high-impedance tracks between form an LPF on the PA output. Presumably it's a relatively thin 2-sided PCB with a ground plane on the back. It looks like it must have a few wire links on the other side. How much do they sell these for? More than a WLAN card? What do they use to feed bias up the cable from the radio? It's instructive studying other designs. But I don't see much point cloning them. This was designed in Feb 2000. 2.5 years later we can always do better. It doesn't help adding much Rx gain before a WLAN card as there is little dynamic range in the front end and it'll saturate rather easily. Typically it has 30dBs of gain before any AGC-controlled stages. If you're going to put one on a mast rather than in an office I suppose you can afford to wreck any co-site performance they had. You have to remember WLAN cards are designed to a cost and a purpose; they don't have performance radio specifications. In most cases their inadequacies are masked by the nature of 802.11 protocols. You're not expected to have 2 or 3 competing WLANS in the same space. They can also radiate quite high levels of spurious emissions all over the spectrum; this is permitted as the emissions are spread and the *power density* is low. But the LNA of an adjacent Rx on another band won't care about power density when it saturates. These things weren't meant for crowded commercial or ham antenna towers. Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 03:48:47 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id DAA22589 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 03:48:45 -0500 (CDT) From: xlpitlum Message-Id: Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 In-Reply-To: from Anthony N Martin at "Oct 24, 2002 3:47:16 pm" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 03:47:55 -0500 (CDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210250847.DAA11897@online.dct.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > How much do they sell these for? More than a > WLAN card? What do they use to feed bias up > the cable from the radio? http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2440-amplifier.php?oem=yes for more info on that amplifier. > > It's instructive studying other designs. But > I don't see much point cloning them. This was > designed in Feb 2000. 2.5 years later we can > always do better. That's the point, we should be able to make these for around $50 today. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 05:08:46 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id FAA24759 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 05:08:42 -0500 (CDT) X-Sender: kb9mwr@yahoo.com (Unverified) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Steve Lampereur Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Message-Id: Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 05:07:37 -0500 List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Brett & others, While I hate these touchy political type of messages sometime you have to say something. >But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed >network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a problem. I'd use it and set it up like the internal network at work. I'd run my own ham 802.11b web server, and post all kinds of stuff that interests me. Hopefully expand the AMPRNet" concept. While also utilizing it to seamlessly bridge wired internal government networks in (simulated) emergency situations, when land lines are down. I wouldn't really use it for internet access, but I think having that tied into it wouldn't be a bad idea. For example: One could use it to get internet access to remote voice repeater sites for IRLP. (Many repeater sites don't have telephone hookups) >Personally, would I use a high speed amateur network of internet access? No, to much >content restrictions. Personally these so called "content restrictions" are a myth. See 97.101a "each amateur station must be operated in accordance with good amateur practice." That's the only section/phrase talking about content that I know of. Unless your a business, or porno freak there shouldn't be any real problems assuming your a ham and you have an amateur interest in this Part 97 wireless concept. The (keep it) Part 15 look at this makes me think their either; 1)not a ham (or not interested) 2)are a ham but would like to capitalize on this 3)an extremely paranoid old school of thought ham. If all someone wants to do is distribute internet and not attempt to build a separate ham VPN (AMPRNet) network, yes keep it Part 15. If you want to experiment with other hams by trying to form a network or link using this technology, that's ham radio and should be Part 97. >speed of 128kbps to 512kbps. Also, I am not aware of anything that prevents part 97 >traffic from be carried over part 15 devices (Notice... I did not say part 97 devices >connecting to part 15 devices). Why not use a part 15 wireless network to connect to >shelters to a near by communications center to handle the long haul? > I guess what I see here is.. yes now there are many vehicles to communicate. Cellphones, the internet, paging services.. other licensed radio services; GMRS, Business radio's, unlicensed; FRS, MURS, Part 15 WLAN. What your interest in ham radio is (if any) determines its possible replacements. Many of the things we do (public service) as hams can be done through other means. As you point out our discussions/communications can also be done through other means. Thats my 2 cents worth.. Our basis and purpose: Providing Emergency communications To advance the radio art Encouraging experimentation, advancing communication & technical skills Training/expanding the reservoir of operators/technicians and electronics Extending goodwill --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 06:35:06 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA26463 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 06:35:02 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 12:20:33 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 25/10/2002 12:25:17 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > http://www.ydi.com/products/amp2440-amplifier.php?oem=yes > for more info on that amplifier. You could buy 4 WLAN cards for the price of one of those! If you've got repeater sites to put them on that's a better way to get the range. I'm skeptical of their claims of "use up to 300ft inexpensive feeder cable". In fact I think that's complete bunk. Even expensive heliax would be too much loss. 300ft of waveguide perhaps. There are no ALC circuits to fix output power with wide variations in input level from different feeder lengths. Could easily be done... Are tx/rx LEDs any use with 802.11 speeds? Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 07:27:32 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id HAA27516 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 07:27:32 -0500 (CDT) From: "Bret A. Boggs" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 08:22:16 -0400 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-OriginalArrivalTime: 25 Oct 2002 12:22:16.0872 (UTC) FILETIME=[281F9A80:01C27C21] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <000601c27c21$281c8d40$0a01a8c0@sirius> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Thanks Steve and everyone else! I've found your comments to be very educational and enlighting. It is nice to be involved with a group that can debate a subject without resorting to insults and name calling! My own personal experince is this, I am on the techincal committee of amateur repeater system that has one main transmitter site, four receive sites, and use Part 15 T1 radios to link the receive sites to the transmitter site. The longest link is about 10 miles. Professionally, I design wireless networks for the transportation industry. From slow speed serial links from traffic sensors to high speed links that carry video. While 802.11 has some very nice capablities, I do not believe we should limit our selfs to just 802.11. For example, if speed is not an issue, a fairly cheap and effective solution is a 128k serial radio with a single board computer (or your home computer) running PPP back to the main server. Bret - WB8WKC --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 13:39:10 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA13025 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 13:38:57 -0500 (CDT) Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 19:37:23 +0100 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 25/10/2002 19:37:53 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Brett & others, While I hate these touchy political type of messages sometime you have to say something. The things you can do with WLAN isn't political - it's creative ideas. >But, I have not seen much about how an amateur high speed >network would be used. In many ways, it is a solution looking for a problem. Mirrors of websites ham radio people use can be useful content. They can be kept current using overnight bandwidth on a dialup, and provide immediate 10Mb/s access. My server already has 250Mb of the entire cygwin release on it. It would normally take many hours to install a subset off the net, and quite a chore to keep up-to-date, but it takes minutes from a local mirror. It's something I use so that's why it's there... The ATV people are looking for digital ATV alternatives. Some kind of high-speed data must underly that. With an IP network almost anyone with a PC can do digital ATV. We already have a club CD-ROM stuffed with archive material, photos, publicity material, newsletters, training slides, posters, software, websites, ... Updated copies can be picked up at most club events. Now wouldn't that be easier to maintain on a WLAN? The 700Mb CD-ROM is already nearly full but WLAN doesn't have such limits. We can't stick much video on a CD, although we do record club events, presentations, talks etc. Anyone for a streaming media server? You can share your software using X-windows and VNC, and get expert help fixing your PC problems with remote admin. If schoolkids get the idea you can use WLAN for multiuser gaming & videochat, expect WLAN to explode overnight. Has it happened at all in your area? Problem is, the amateur radio people aren't very creative with datacomms & the net, they just read websites, get the mail and catch viruses. Very few have seen what large companies do with LANs - they have intranet websites, software you use remotely, shared databases etc. All data is backed up over the network - you never keep files on your local computer as there's a more secure one somewhere else for that. You can wander round and see who's logged on where on the other side of europe, and you can print your files anywhere. I can login to any PC anywhere and see my own files and desktop. I often chat with other engineers on other sites on a local news-server. The way we use the internet is still very much limited by datarates at the moment, even though people are still wondering what use ADSL is for. Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 19:01:21 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id TAA26577 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 19:01:21 -0500 (CDT) Message-ID: From: wchast@utilpart.com To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 19:59:38 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <0D7B0EF78F72D311B95F0008C7F3D0A001A0A899@dallas.utilpart.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > -----Original Message----- > From: Anthony N Martin [mailto:Anthony.N.Martin@marconi.com] > Sent: Friday, October 25, 2002 02:37 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... > > > > Brett & others, > While I hate these touchy political type of messages sometime > you have to > say something. > > The things you can do with WLAN isn't > political - it's creative ideas. As Ant has pointed out once you convert information into a digital data stream all you need is the bandwidth to move it. At that point it does not matter what it is, it can be data as in the most basic keyboard to keyboard, machine to machine, or it can be digital voice, video or whatever, the key is converting it to a bit stream and then sending along with all the rest of the stuff we like to send back and forth. I think that the part 15 ops have caught that idea better than most hams which is a a shame but, there are still people who say CW MUST form part of the amateur radio exam... There are those who still want to run AM in precious HF spectrum, and there are those who keep a repeater on a frequency pair, it probably uses more air time ID'ng than actually being used, and the technology (FM) is 30-40 years old. It is time to wake up and realize that one 25Khz channel can handle a number of TDMA channels of voice or data (I think that Nextel using IDEN squeezes 6 or 8 voice channels in dispatch mode) and a whole number of groups of amateurs could share the same wonderful site if we could just start moving forward again and get off our duffers otherwise I fear someone is going to come along and wonder why all this spectrum is being used by out of date technology, and at that it is actually in very little use (just put a spec analyzer on your favourite VHF/UHF/ Microwave band and see how much real use there is). I suppose that I am preaching to the choir here but we have got to do something and this discussion is going that direction. Most repeater and other old tech groups are going no where. Hey has anyone tried Speakfreely using it's high compression codec, with some low spead packet radio devices? I was playing around using some 2k4 PacComm TNC's and passed acceptable voice at that data rate between two computers using those two TNC's and a couple of handhelds. I just did it for grins, but if it will work "reasonably well" at that data rate what about 9k6 (I will give that a try in the next few days) or higher. Using 802.11 devices now you have a nice voice link between repeaters. It can only get better, keep the ideas coming folks. ***************************************************************** This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy any hard copies you may have printed and remove all copies of the e-mail from your hard drive. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of Utility Partners, Inc shall be understood as neither given nor endorsed by it. Visit us on the web at http://www.utilpart.com ***************************************************************** --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Fri Oct 25 22:38:25 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id WAA04281 for ; Fri, 25 Oct 2002 22:38:23 -0500 (CDT) Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Message-ID: Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 22:37:41 -0500 From: Walt DuBose X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DBA0E05.A5DA8F77@texas.net> Precedence: bulk Anthony N Martin wrote: > > You can share your software using X-windows and VNC, > and get expert help fixing your PC problems with remote > admin. > Its not very secure; but, I would love to Xhost from a little PC into a larger server that had HF digital voice, V/UHF linking to other repeaters. Streaming video between disaster sites and and EOC... And I could go on and on. > If schoolkids get the idea you can use WLAN for multiuser > gaming & videochat, expect WLAN to explode overnight. > Has it happened at all in your area? Oh yes, you could REALLY get thier interest...much better than letting them "play" with a couple of 2M talkies. > > Problem is, the amateur radio people aren't very creative > with datacomms & the net, they just read websites, get > the mail and catch viruses. You've noticed that also I see. > > Very few have seen what large companies do with LANs - > they have intranet websites, software you use remotely, > shared databases etc. All data is backed up over the > network - you never keep files on your local computer > as there's a more secure one somewhere else for that. > You can wander round and see who's logged on where > on the other side of europe, and you can print your > files anywhere. I can login to any PC anywhere and see > my own files and desktop. I often chat with other engineers > on other sites on a local news-server. > Video teleconferencing between hams WOW!!! Oh did I fail to mention one heck of a "national message relaying system". Walt/K5YFW --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 26 04:09:56 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id EAA14612 for ; Sat, 26 Oct 2002 04:09:51 -0500 (CDT) From: xlpitlum Message-Id: Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 20, 2002 In-Reply-To: from Anthony N Martin at "Oct 25, 2002 12:20:33 pm" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Date: Sat, 26 Oct 2002 04:08:25 -0500 (CDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210260908.EAA07249@online.dct.com> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > You could buy 4 WLAN cards for the price of one of those! > > If you've got repeater sites to put them on that's a better > way to get the range. The cost of 4 repeater sites would be 10 times the cost of the amplifier. > > I'm skeptical of their claims of "use up to 300ft > inexpensive feeder cable". In fact I think that's > complete bunk. Even expensive heliax would be too > much loss. 300ft of waveguide perhaps. There are clearly some marketing "lies" in their descriptions. > > There are no ALC circuits to fix output power with wide > variations in input level from different feeder lengths. > Could easily be done... Ther higher power amplifiers do have power control circuitry. So I'm told... > > Are tx/rx LEDs any use with 802.11 speeds? No, they are current sensed. It's mostly to check the status of the amplifier. Here's an internal picture of the DC injector they use: http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/wireless/pics/ydi-amp-4.jpg --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sat Oct 26 16:45:24 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA24455 for ; Sat, 26 Oct 2002 16:45:23 -0500 (CDT) From: "Darryl Smith" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2002 08:43:59 +1100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: X-Scanner: exiscan *185YjJ-0003pf-00*ElBjiyhRFbw* on Astaro Security Linux List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <000a01c27d38$ceb6c400$4601a8c0@DELL8000> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk G'Day All... I am now going through my old emails since I was in Hawaii working on the IronMan world championship when this came through... My first response when I saw this message come though was 'Has the ARRL gone completely nuts?'... After all the first comment I saw was comments on the 'ARRL 802.11 Standard', where the protocol is modified to suit ham radio. >Hope that answers your question of why the new standard is called ARRL 802.11. I have not read anything that says how the standard 802.11b will be modified. I have not read how the underlying protocol with various timers is being changed. All that the ARRL is doing is setting up some operating practices. This is not modifying the standard, and if I were the IEEE, I would be pissed. It would be like AT&T setting up an access point, with a specific naming convention of access points and calling it 'AT&T 802.11'. If the 802.11 standard is changed for ham radio with things like power control, center frequency, spread etc. then things are worse. The reason why the 802.11 is likely to succeed where the TAPR SS Radio did not is the cost and availability of equipment. When you start talking about changing frequencies and underlying protocols you immediately reduce the availability of hardware and of platforms. What happens when the drivers are only available on Debian, and I use XP? More importantly, what happens when the FCC comes to their senses and realises that more control of 802.11b is needed, and starts to put controls in hardware rather than software? Where will hams be left. Once hams need to modify hardware or use different drivers we are all lost I believe the name would be OK as being "ARRL 802.11" since 802.11 is not copyright-able. Intel could not win that one in the 386 or 486, so I doubt that the IEEE will win that one. That being said I believe this term is a very bad move. It basically 'AMERICANIZES' the 802.11 operating practices used by hams. Bad move. If the ARRL wants to put their name on it, how about 'ARRL 802.11 Operating Practices' Or 'Amateur 802.11' Anyway, enough of my rambling... Darryl VK2TDS --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 27 15:57:03 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA18831 for ; Sun, 27 Oct 2002 15:57:00 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 08:56:22 +1100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id PAA18831 > As Ant has pointed out once you convert information into a > digital data stream all you need is the bandwidth to move it. > At that point it does not matter what it is, it can be data > as in the most basic keyboard to keyboard, machine to machine, > or it can be digital voice, video or whatever, the key is > converting it to a bit stream and then sending along with all > the rest of the stuff we like to send back and forth. Agreed. Data is so easy to move around, once in digital form. You just need the required bandwidth. > I think that the part 15 ops have caught that idea better than > most hams which is a a shame but, there are still people who All the more reason to get involved with these groups and seek out the ones who may have interest in ham radio, if only: 1. They knew such a thing as ham radio existed (yes, most people these days don't even know about the hobby!) 2. They knew we like to play with new technology too, not just live in the past. > Hey has anyone tried Speakfreely using it's high compression > codec, with some low spead packet radio devices? I was playing > around using some 2k4 PacComm TNC's and passed acceptable voice > at that data rate between two computers using those two TNC's > and a couple of handhelds. I just did it for grins, but if it That's not doing bad. I'm a bit surprised, actually, because the codec (LPC-10) uses 2.4k, and then you have UDP/IP overheads on top of that, then you're running (presumably) over a half duplex radio channel. > will work "reasonably well" at that data rate what about 9k6 > (I will give that a try in the next few days) or higher. Using At 9k6, you should be able to keep a stream going, provided you maintain some reasonably "deep" jitter buffering (which Speak Freely has internally). > 802.11 devices now you have a nice voice link between repeaters. > It can only get better, keep the ideas coming folks. 802.11b would also allow compressed video feeds as well. Anyone for ATV linking (albeit at reduced quality)? All sorts of datacasting becomes possible as well. --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.406 / Virus Database: 229 - Release Date: 21/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Sun Oct 27 17:53:34 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id RAA22183 for ; Sun, 27 Oct 2002 17:53:32 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 09:07:08 +1100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id RAA22183 > Its not very secure; but, I would love to Xhost from a little > PC into a larger server that had HF digital voice, V/UHF linking > to other repeaters. Neat. This sort of stuff is always fun... > > If schoolkids get the idea you can use WLAN for multiuser > > gaming & videochat, expect WLAN to explode overnight. > > Has it happened at all in your area? > > Oh yes, you could REALLY get thier interest...much better than > letting them "play" with a couple of 2M talkies. And the interest of many geeks as well. The younger generation is getting quite "into" wireless LANs, now that groups have sprung up. At 34, I'm in the minority of "old farts" with any involvement. The dominant age range is 15-25 - Hmm, the exact age range that used to get into things like shortwave listening and ham radio many years ago... > > Video teleconferencing between hams WOW!!! Count me in! Just name the protocol, let me know what modules and drivers I need to compile, what frequency and I'll be there. :) > > Oh did I fail to mention one heck of a "national message relaying > system". Could have fun with a DNS infrastructure and a heap of servers running MTAs (for email) or something like Jabber servers (for open source instant messaging between hams). --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.406 / Virus Database: 229 - Release Date: 21/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 28 01:45:11 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id BAA08005 for ; Mon, 28 Oct 2002 01:45:10 -0600 (CST) From: "Darryl Smith" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: High speed networks... Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 18:43:28 +1100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: X-Scanner: exiscan *1864Yw-0003d1-00*C3/4UqMftz2* on Astaro Security Linux List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <003f01c27e55$b7d05940$4601a8c0@DELL8000> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk For those that missed my talk at the DCC I will sumerise 802.11 has something for everyone... Radio people and computer people. Part 15 people can use hams to help them with their networks, since we know not to crimp N connectors with Plyers. These people are interested in radio so having a ham radio person there is good publicity for our hobby. The microwave people can help the part 15 people with cheap 2.4 GHz antennas that resonate... Most don't - and they can make money to support their hobby at the same time. US$100 for an 3-8 dbi Onmi is not expensive in this world :-) 802.11 is a great technology for links out of the box. Hams can build networks on top of it... RSPF could be ported to it creating a mesh network. We can run proximity APRS; Digital Voice; Webcam ATV etc. The sky is the limit. Ethernet up the tower is a viable option - So is USB. A USB access at the focus of a dish is a wonderful thing 802.11 is breakable in every area... Including range, power, packet sizes etc. Circuit diagrams are often available too. The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading 802.11 is copied from AX.25. SSID is a ham radio term!!!!!!! Darryl --------- Darryl Smith, VK2TDS POBox 169 Ingleburn NSW 2565 Australia Mobile Number 0412 929 634 [+61 4 12 929 634 International] Darryl@radio-active.net.au | www.radio-active.net.au --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 28 13:19:45 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA03494 for ; Mon, 28 Oct 2002 13:19:42 -0600 (CST) Subject: [ss] RE: ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 19:18:03 +0000 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 28/10/2002 19:18:47 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk It would be nice if we had a standard specification of the capabilities and configurability demanded by amateurs from 802.11 devices. We could then assess manufacturers products against these bullet points and publish charts and league tables. That would be a very useful thing indeed. We'd know which products to buy which not to buy. And which applications we should buy a better product for, and when a cheaper product would meet our goals. If the standard thus established were sufficiently *international* (remembering that most of these things are *not* made in the USA, and many simply export the feature-set of a chipset from Taiwan) some suppliers may take notice. Saying that a device is "802.11 compatible" does not define the level of features offered. You do not know which modes it supports (IBSS, AP-client, AP-host, bridging) or which modes it can support simultaneously. Neither do you know the level of control over the protocol that, in theory, should be available to you. If you want an AP that supports bridging to 4 networks simultaneously, with router and RIP support, which is the minimum that you need for building meshes with 802.11, we should assert that as some level in our spec. To debug WLANS you need to do 802.11 packet sniffing and analysis- seems to be trivial with 'ethereal' and a card in a desktop, but an AP up a mast- can we do that? I've previously made comments that suggested that 802.11 was unable to address the "hidden station" problem, guaranteed if clients access a node with directional antennas. I now have an excellent text on the standard, and this is incorrect. As it stands it does a better job than AX-25 and you can adjust the CTS and FRAG values to make it better. More importantly, there is a feature that enables an AP to take responsibility for assigning contention-free periods to clients; it is the PCF (point coordination function) as opposed to the usual DCF (distributed coordination function). This feature is not mandatory and may not be widely supported in products (firmware/drivers), but it is a feature amateur APs *must have*. Clients must also support the feature otherwise they won't fully participate in PCF-polls. It would be very helpful to know which products implement the PCF and to encourage support for PCF from suppliers and driver-writers. Lobbying the 802.11 committees to make it mandatory in future revisions might also be an option. I would like to see national radio societies take a position on standards committees (like 802.11) which would enable them to assert the need for features at this level. To do this they would need to find technically competent volunteers and fund their participation. If we have deployed experimental networks and we can test proposed enhancements to the standard then we have clout, and we could probably do a lot of good. My search for "ARRL 802.11" found no documents; no such thing exists, does it? Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Mon Oct 28 14:09:39 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id OAA07063 for ; Mon, 28 Oct 2002 14:09:35 -0600 (CST) Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 20:07:42 +0000 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 28/10/2002 20:08:27 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading Seconded. I'm requiring myself to read every last page. Author a Mr Matthew Gast, and edited by a ham radio man IIRC. Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 29 06:29:14 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA12448 for ; Tue, 29 Oct 2002 06:29:07 -0600 (CST) Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2002 07:28:16 -0500 From: Robert McGwier Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Importance: Normal X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-priority: Normal List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=0-596-00183-5 -----Original Message----- From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Anthony N Martin Sent: Monday, October 28, 2002 3:08 PM To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC > The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading Seconded. I'm requiring myself to read every last page. Author a Mr Matthew Gast, and edited by a ham radio man IIRC. Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Tue Oct 29 15:34:52 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA10336 for ; Tue, 29 Oct 2002 15:34:51 -0600 (CST) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2002 15:33:15 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210292133.g9TLXFL28494@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk > http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=0-596-00183-5 > > I'm reading it on-line now and having my wife search for a copy of it at the Trinity univ. books store and Barns and Nobles...gotta have it. And you are correct, read every page (except the part on WEP). Someone on the SIG said that 802.11 was kinda like AX.25. I poopooed that until I started reading this book...and the fellow is right...it IS kinda like AX.25 Walt/K5YFW > > -----Original Message----- > From: bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org > [mailto:bounce-ss-27907@lists.tapr.org]On Behalf Of Anthony N Martin > Sent: Monday, October 28, 2002 3:08 PM > To: TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group > Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC > > > > > > The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading > > Seconded. I'm requiring myself to read every last page. > > Author a Mr Matthew Gast, and edited by a ham radio man IIRC. > > Ant > > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: rwmcgwier@comcast.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 30 06:21:17 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id GAA12379 for ; Wed, 30 Oct 2002 06:21:14 -0600 (CST) From: "Darryl Smith" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 23:19:04 +1100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Scanner: exiscan *186rpb-0001Vp-00*n1Qui2I5qX6* on Astaro Security Linux List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <008901c2800e$8c469a90$4601a8c0@DELL8000> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk G'Day All There were a number of copies of the O'Reilly book given away at the DCC.... Not enough really. There are enough of the basics of AX-25 in the 802.11 spec so that anyone who knows 802.11 will feel at home. There are a few interesting problems that have been throught about that do not appear in AX-25 * Fast transmit/receive times with a high bitrate network behind it * Finite Speed Of Light * Slotting It is almost as if someone took all the DCC papers for the last 21 years and designed a whole system based on the collective knowledge of that paperwork. Todays Challenge... ------------------- With a standard 802.11b implementation running at bitrate of 11 Mbps, assuming INFINITE power, what is the maximum range of the system. If your answer equates to a single retry timeout then think again... Many people think that it is limited by the time period for an ack to be returned before a retry, but there are a number of retries possible. If you can answer this question and understand why then you understand 802.11 Darryl --------- Darryl Smith, VK2TDS POBox 169 Ingleburn NSW 2565 Australia Mobile Number 0412 929 634 [+61 4 12 929 634 International] Darryl@radio-active.net.au | www.radio-active.net.au --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 30 10:55:13 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id KAA23387 for ; Wed, 30 Oct 2002 10:55:12 -0600 (CST) Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 16:19:22 +0000 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 30/10/2002 16:19:26 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk The 802.11 standards are available for download free, gratis and for nothing here: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/ Select the "Terms and conditons" link in the sidebar and "accept" to get to the actual standards download page. You should end up here: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html Precisely why you have to do this I don't know as you are presented with the T&Cs again when you try to download the standard itself. (That may cause grief using download managers.) The complete 802.11 file set is 10.8Mb 802.11 is 6.3Mb (the main standard) 802.11b is 1.1Mb (the 11Mb/s PHY extension) There is also a corrigendum to 802.11b at 440k. So get it while you can. Enjoy! Ant M1FDE --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 30 12:27:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA27796 for ; Wed, 30 Oct 2002 12:27:34 -0600 (CST) Message-Id: To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: dubose@texas.net Subject: [ss] Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 12:26:40 US/Central X-User: dubose List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <200210301826.g9UIQeL27179@mail1.aus1.texas.net> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk I printed it out last month...its 3 inches thick. Walt/K5YFW > The 802.11 standards are available for download > free, gratis and for nothing here: > > http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/ > > Select the "Terms and conditons" link in the sidebar > and "accept" to get to the actual standards download > page. You should end up here: > > http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html > > Precisely why you have to do this I don't know as you > are presented with the T&Cs again when you try to > download the standard itself. (That may cause grief > using download managers.) > > The complete 802.11 file set is 10.8Mb > > 802.11 is 6.3Mb (the main standard) > 802.11b is 1.1Mb (the 11Mb/s PHY extension) > There is also a corrigendum to 802.11b at 440k. > > So get it while you can. Enjoy! > > Ant M1FDE > > > > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to ss as: dubose@texas.net > To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org > --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Wed Oct 30 16:12:13 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA09989 for ; Wed, 30 Oct 2002 16:12:06 -0600 (CST) X-Originating-IP: [192.62.33.130] Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "John Champa" To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: ss digest: October 28, 2002 Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 17:11:18 -0500 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 30 Oct 2002 22:11:19.0188 (UTC) FILETIME=[45D9CD40:01C28061] List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Greetings! The ARRL 802.11b Standard is still under development by our working group. We expect to issue a call for papers to solicit help and support from TAPR and the rest of the Amateur community in completing the development of the standard, in the near future. We also plan to have a webpage similar to our sister working group's webpage up and running soon: http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/sdr.html You will be able to consult that for updates. We also have a paper that was submitted to this year's DCC that you may wish to read. Vy 73, John Champa, K8OCL ARRL Chairman High Speed Multimedia Working Group From: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group digest" Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" To: "ss digest recipients" Subject: ss digest: October 28, 2002 Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2002 00:00:17 -0500 TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group Digest for Monday, October 28, 2002. 1. Re: High speed networks... 2. RE: ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request 3. Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: High speed networks... From: "Darryl Smith" Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 18:43:28 +1100 X-Message-Number: 1 For those that missed my talk at the DCC I will sumerise 802.11 has something for everyone... Radio people and computer people. Part 15 people can use hams to help them with their networks, since we know not to crimp N connectors with Plyers. These people are interested in radio so having a ham radio person there is good publicity for our hobby. The microwave people can help the part 15 people with cheap 2.4 GHz antennas that resonate... Most don't - and they can make money to support their hobby at the same time. US$100 for an 3-8 dbi Onmi is not expensive in this world :-) 802.11 is a great technology for links out of the box. Hams can build networks on top of it... RSPF could be ported to it creating a mesh network. We can run proximity APRS; Digital Voice; Webcam ATV etc. The sky is the limit. Ethernet up the tower is a viable option - So is USB. A USB access at the focus of a dish is a wonderful thing 802.11 is breakable in every area... Including range, power, packet sizes etc. Circuit diagrams are often available too. The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading 802.11 is copied from AX.25. SSID is a ham radio term!!!!!!! Darryl --------- Darryl Smith, VK2TDS POBox 169 Ingleburn NSW 2565 Australia Mobile Number 0412 929 634 [+61 4 12 929 634 International] Darryl@radio-active.net.au | www.radio-active.net.au ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: RE: ARRL 802.11b Standard Development Support Request From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 19:18:03 +0000 X-Message-Number: 2 It would be nice if we had a standard specification of the capabilities and configurability demanded by amateurs from 802.11 devices. We could then assess manufacturers products against these bullet points and publish charts and league tables. That would be a very useful thing indeed. We'd know which products to buy which not to buy. And which applications we should buy a better product for, and when a cheaper product would meet our goals. If the standard thus established were sufficiently *international* (remembering that most of these things are *not* made in the USA, and many simply export the feature-set of a chipset from Taiwan) some suppliers may take notice. Saying that a device is "802.11 compatible" does not define the level of features offered. You do not know which modes it supports (IBSS, AP-client, AP-host, bridging) or which modes it can support simultaneously. Neither do you know the level of control over the protocol that, in theory, should be available to you. If you want an AP that supports bridging to 4 networks simultaneously, with router and RIP support, which is the minimum that you need for building meshes with 802.11, we should assert that as some level in our spec. To debug WLANS you need to do 802.11 packet sniffing and analysis- seems to be trivial with 'ethereal' and a card in a desktop, but an AP up a mast- can we do that? I've previously made comments that suggested that 802.11 was unable to address the "hidden station" problem, guaranteed if clients access a node with directional antennas. I now have an excellent text on the standard, and this is incorrect. As it stands it does a better job than AX-25 and you can adjust the CTS and FRAG values to make it better. More importantly, there is a feature that enables an AP to take responsibility for assigning contention-free periods to clients; it is the PCF (point coordination function) as opposed to the usual DCF (distributed coordination function). This feature is not mandatory and may not be widely supported in products (firmware/drivers), but it is a feature amateur APs *must have*. Clients must also support the feature otherwise they won't fully participate in PCF-polls. It would be very helpful to know which products implement the PCF and to encourage support for PCF from suppliers and driver-writers. Lobbying the 802.11 committees to make it mandatory in future revisions might also be an option. I would like to see national radio societies take a position on standards committees (like 802.11) which would enable them to assert the need for features at this level. To do this they would need to find technically competent volunteers and fund their participation. If we have deployed experimental networks and we can test proposed enhancements to the standard then we have clout, and we could probably do a lot of good. My search for "ARRL 802.11" found no documents; no such thing exists, does it? Ant M1FDE ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: Darryl's talk at the DCC From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 20:07:42 +0000 X-Message-Number: 3 > The Orielly 802.11 book is required reading Seconded. I'm requiring myself to read every last page. Author a Mr Matthew Gast, and edited by a ham radio man IIRC. Ant --- END OF DIGEST --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: k8ocl@hotmail.com To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org _________________________________________________________________ Get a speedy connection with MSN Broadband.  Join now! http://resourcecenter.msn.com/access/plans/freeactivation.asp --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 31 11:55:37 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id LAA25688 for ; Thu, 31 Oct 2002 11:55:34 -0600 (CST) Subject: [ss] RSPF To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: "Anthony N Martin" Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 17:54:29 +0000 Message-ID: X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on CVDGWY01/S/EXT/MC1 (Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 31/10/2002 17:54:30 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk The rspfd FAQ states this: << 8. Does RSPFd work over Ethernet? The short answer is no. If you really need to do this then you may consider using an BPQEther device (AX25 other Ethernet). See the AX25-HOWTO on how to configure one of these beasties.It's likely that if you are trying to use RSPF over ethernet then you are probably nconfiguring something wrong. >> It seems RSPF is applicable to AX25 networks but not to ethernet and therefore to 802.11 WLAN. Is this a correct assumption? Is this because alternatives exist for ethernet networks? Or just that rspfd doesn't implement them? Or is the FAQ author totally misinformed why one might want to use RSPF for ethernet as he's never thought of WLAN? I'm not suggesting that the algorithms underlying RSPF aren't relevant, just that the RSPF protocols as used by rspfd and the existing rspf implementations are in the current state unsuitable for 802.11 . Is this the current state of play at the moment? Ant --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-message-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 31 12:48:47 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id MAA28332 for ; Thu, 31 Oct 2002 12:48:47 -0600 (CST) Message-Id: X-Lyris-Type: unsub-conf-req From: Lyris Reply-To: Lyris To: lyris.ss@tapr.org Subject: Your confirmation is needed (ok 6751) Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:31:56 -0500 Your email address 'lyris.ss@tapr.org' has been submitted to be unsubscribed from the 'ss' mailing list. This unsubscribe command requires your confirmation that you want to be unsubscribed. To confirm that you do want to unsubscribe, reply to this message so that the words "ok 6751" appear somewhere on the subject line. Make sure that your reply message is addressed to unsubscribe-confirm@lists.tapr.org You will receive notification that your confirmation has been received, and that you have been unsubscribed. If you do not want to unsubscribe, do nothing. You will be kept on the mailing list. --- Return-Path: Return-Path: George.k@blogica.gr Received: from prx-email-2000.proyex.es ([195.55.184.6]) by lists.tapr.org with SMTP (Lyris Server version 3.0); Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:31:50 -0500 Received: from mix.METHOSYSTEM.IT ([193.152.205.99]) by prx-email-2000.proyex.es with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); Thu, 31 Oct 2002 19:49:37 +0100 Message-ID: <00003ace1013$00007d61$00001435@mta.newzealandnz.co.nz> To: ss-request From: "Jessica P." Subject: Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 10:49:00 -2000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-OriginalArrivalTime: 31 Oct 2002 18:49:40.0332 (UTC) FILETIME=[44C8A2C0:01C2810E] # Mail sent to leave-ss-6751t was converted to these commands: unsubscribe ss lyris.ss@tapr.org confirm end # This is the text of the message that triggered the action: Return-Path: Received: from prx-email-2000.proyex.es ([195.55.184.6]) by lists.tapr.org with SMTP (Lyris Server version 3.0); Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:31:50 -0500 Received: from mix.METHOSYSTEM.IT ([193.152.205.99]) by prx-email-2000.proyex.es with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); Thu, 31 Oct 2002 19:49:37 +0100 Message-ID: <00003ace1013$00007d61$00001435@mta.newzealandnz.co.nz> To: From: "Jessica P." Subject: Free Debt Elimination Quote.. Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 10:49:00 -2000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Return-Path: George.k@blogica.gr X-OriginalArrivalTime: 31 Oct 2002 18:49:40.0332 (UTC) FILETIME=[44C8A2C0:01C2810E]
    Reduce Your Deb= t & Eliminate All Interest and Fees!
    Click Here Now to Reduce Your Debt up to 60%=

    Your Free, No O= bligation Debt Consultation
    is only a Click away!
    • 100% Confidential: Your consultation is strictly = private!
    • Speed things up: Pay off your balances faster!
    • Eliminate Fees: Get rid of those annoying Over-Li= mit and Late Fees
    • No Home Ownership required

    Restore Your Credit Rating
    End credito= r harrassment and leave the hassle behind!
    You can be Debt= -Free in 24 Months or Less!

    We use the list management services of an independent 3rd party to ensure = your address will be removed upon request. Please send your e-mail to remove@virtual-biz.net with the word "remove" in the subject line if you wish to be taken off of our list.

    From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 31 13:47:10 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id NAA00320 for ; Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:47:05 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 14:46:06 -0500 From: "Eric S. Johansson" User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] Re: RSPF References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: <3DC1887E.3020008@harvee.billerica.ma.us> Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Anthony N Martin wrote: > > I'm not suggesting that the algorithms underlying RSPF > aren't relevant, just that the RSPF protocols as used > by rspfd and the existing rspf implementations are > in the current state unsuitable for 802.11 . Is this the > current state of play at the moment? for something potentially more appropriate than RSPF take a look at: http://www.mitre.org/tech_transfer/mobilemesh/ which is in use by some of the part 15 projects including: http://wiki.haven.sh/index.php/WikiWikiWan which has a goal we should adopt as our own namely, building an ad hoc wireless network with no centralization and protection against misbehaving nodes. ---eric --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 31 15:39:59 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id PAA05617 for ; Thu, 31 Oct 2002 15:39:54 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: From: Tony Langdon To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" Subject: [ss] RE: RSPF Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 08:39:11 +1100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by tapr.org id PAA05617 > It seems RSPF is applicable to AX25 networks but not to > ethernet and therefore to 802.11 WLAN. Is this a correct > assumption? I'm not sure. 802.11b isn't Ethernet either, the MAC layer is different. FWIW, some people have been playing with patched copies of Zebra and OSPF for 802.11b dynamic routing. --- Outgoing mail has been scanned for Viruses Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.408 / Virus Database: 230 - Release Date: 24/10/2002 This correspondence is for the named person’s use only. It may contain confidential or legally privileged information or both. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this correspondence in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or rely on any part of this correspondence if you are not the intended recipient. Any opinions expressed in this message are those of the individual sender. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org From bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Thu Oct 31 16:11:10 2002 Received: from lists.tapr.org (lists.tapr.org [204.17.217.24]) by tapr.org (8.9.3/8.9.3/1.13) with SMTP id QAA07580 for ; Thu, 31 Oct 2002 16:11:08 -0600 (CST) Mime-Version: 1.0 Message-Id: Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 16:09:11 -0600 To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" From: Greg Jones Subject: [ss] Wi-Fi Boosts Security Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" List-Unsubscribe: List-Software: Lyris Server version 3.0 List-Subscribe: List-Owner: X-List-Host: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Reply-To: "TAPR Spread Spectrum Special Interest Group" X-Message-Id: Sender: bounce-ss-6751@lists.tapr.org Precedence: bulk http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,106530,00.asp Industry group sets interim security enhancements designed to work with legacy products. Yardena Arar, PCWorld.com Thursday, October 31, 2002 -- ----- Dr. Greg Jones Lecturer, Dept. Technology and Cognition, College of Education University of North Texas, Denton, Texas (972) 492-5472 / Fax (972) 492-5476 email: greg@tapr.org / http://created-realities.com Micro Credo: Never trust a computer bigger than you can lift. --- You are currently subscribed to ss as: lyris.ss@tapr.org To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-ss-6751T@lists.tapr.org