Contents
Contents for Subpart D
97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
97.303 Frequency sharing requirements.
97.305 Authorized emission types.
97.307 Emission standards.
97.309 RTTY and data emission codes.
97.311 SS emission types.
97.313 Transmitter power standards.
97.315 Type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
97.317 Standards for type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
Subpart D--Technical Standards
The following transmitting frequency bands are available to an amateur
station located within 50 km of the Earth's surface, within the specified
ITU Region, and outside any area where the amateur service is regulated by
any authority other than the FCC.
(a) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Technician, Technician Plus, General, Advanced, or
Amateur Extra Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
VHF MHz MHz MHz
6 m -- 50-54 50-54 (a)
2 m 144-146 144-148 144-148 (a)
1.25 m -- 219-220 -- (a), (e)
-do- -- 222-225 -- (a)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
70 cm 430-440 420-450 420-450 (a), (b), (f)
33 cm -- 902-928 -- (a), (b), (g)
23 cm 1240-1300 1240-1300 1240-1300 (h), (i)
13 cm 2300-2310 2300-2310 2300-2310 (a), (b), (j)
-do- 2390-2450 2390-2450 2390-2450 (a), (b), (j)
SHF GHz GHz GHz
9 cm -- 3.3-3.5 3.3-3.5 (a), (b), (k), (l)
5 cm 5.650-5.850 5.650-5.925 5.650-5.850 (a), (b), (m)
3 cm 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 (b), (c), (i), (n)
1.2 cm 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 (a), (b), (h), (o)
EHF GHz GHz GHz
6 mm 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2
4 mm 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 (b), (c), (h)
2.5 mm 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 (k), (p)
2 mm 142-149 142-149 142-149 (b), (c), (h), (k)
1 mm 241-250 241-250 241-250 (b), (c), (h), (q)
-- above 300 above 300 above 300 (k)
(b) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Amateur Extra Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 (a)
75 m 3.75-3.80 3.75-4.00 3.75-3.90 (a)
40 m 7.0-7.1 7.0-7.3 7.0-7.1 (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(c) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Advanced Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a)
75 m 3.775-3.800 3.775-4.000 3.775-3.900 (a)
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.300 7.025-7.100 (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
-do- 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200
-do- 21.225-21.450 21.225-21.450 21.225-21.450
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(d) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of General Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a)
75 m -- 3.85-4.00 3.85-3.90 (a)
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.150 7.025-7.100 (a)
-do- -- 7.225-7.300 -- (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
-do- 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200
-do- 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(e) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Novice or Technician Plus Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.675-3.725 3.675-3.725 3.675-3.725 (a)
40 m 7.050-7.075 7.10-7.15 7.050-7.075 (a)
15 m 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20
10 m 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5
(f) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Novice Class:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See 97.303, Paragraph:
VHF MHz MHz MHz
1.25 m -- 222-225 -- (a)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
23 cm 1270-1295 1270-1295 1270-1295 (h), (I)
The following is a summary of the frequency sharing requirements that
apply to amateur station transmissions on the frequency bands specified in
97.301 of this Part. (For each ITU Region, each frequency band allocated
to the amateur service is designated as either a secondary service or a
primary service. A station in a secondary service must not cause harmful
interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a primary
service. See SS 2.105 and 2.106 of the FCC Rules, United States Table of
Frequency Allocations for complete requirements.)
(a) Where, in adjacent ITU Regions or Subregions, a band of frequencies
is allocated to different services of the same category, the basic
priniciple is the equality of right to operate. The stations of each
service in one region must operate so as not to cause harmful interference
to services in the other Regions or Subregions. (See ITU Radio Regulations,
No. 346 (Geneva, 1979).)
(b) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment, the 70
cm band, the 33 cm band, the 13 cm band, the 9 cm band, the 5 cm band, the
3 cm band, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149
GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference
to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, the
Government radiolocation service.
(c) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment, the 3
cm band, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz
segment shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations in the non-Government
radiolocation service.
(d) No amateur station transmitting in the 30 meter band shall cause
harmful interference to stations authorized by other nations in the fixed
service. The licensee of the amateur station must make all necessary
adjustments, including termination of transmissions, if harmful
interference is caused.
(e) In the 1.25 m band:
- (1) Use of the 219-220 MHz segment is limited to amateur stations
participating, as forwarding stations, in point-to-point fixed digital
message forwarding systems, including intercity packet backbone networks. It
is not available for other purposes.
- (2) No amateur station transmitting in the 219-220 MHz segment shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to
operation of Automated Maritime Telecommunications Systems (AMTS),
television broadcasting on channels 11 and 13, Interactive Video and Data
Service systems, Land Mobile Services systems, or any other service having a
primary allocation in or adjacent to the band.
- (3) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment unless
the licensee has given written notification of the station's specific
geographic location for such transmissions in order to be incorporated into
a data base that has been made available to the public. The notification
must be given at least 30 days prior to making such transmissions. The
notification must be given to:
The American Radio Relay League
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111-1494
- (4) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment from a
location that is within 640 km of an AMTS Coast Station unless the amateur
station licensee has given written notification of the station's specific
geographic location for such transmissions to the AMTS licensee. The
notification must be given at least 30 days prior to making such
transmissions. AMTS Coast Station locations may be obtained either from:
The American Radio Relay League
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111-1494
or
Interactive Systems, Inc.
Suite 1103
1601 North Kent Street
Arlington, VA 22209
Fax: (703) 812-8275
Phone: (703) 812-8270
- (5) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment from a location that is within 80 km of an AMTS Coast Station that uses frequencies in the 217-218/219-220 MHz AMTS bands unless that amateur station licensee holds written approval from that AMTS licensee. The location of AMTS coast stations using the 217-218/219-220 MHz channels may be obtained as noted in 97.303(e)(4), above.
(f) In the 70 cm band:
- (1) No amateur station shall transmit from north of Line A in the 420-
430 MHz segment.
- (2) The 420-430 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service in the
United States on a secondary basis, and is allocated in the fixed and
mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services in the International Table of
allocations on a primary basis. No amateur station transmitting in this
band shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations
in the fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services.
- (3) The 430-440 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis in ITU Regions 2 and 3. No amateur station transmitting in
this band in ITU Regions 2 and 3 shall cause harmful interference to, nor
is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized
by other nations in the radiolocation service. In ITU Region 1, the 430-440
MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a co-primary basis with
the radiolocation service. As between these two services in this band in
ITU Region 1, the basic principle that applies is the equality of right to
operate. Amateur stations authorized by the United States and radiolocation
stations authorized by other nations in ITU Region 1 shall operate so as
not to cause harmful interference to each other.
- (4) No amateur station transmitting in the 449.75-450.25 MHz segment
shall cause interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of stations in, the space operation service and the space
research service or Government or non-Government stations for space
telecommand.
(g) In the 33 cm band:
- (1) No amateur station shall transmit from within the States of
Colorado and Wyoming, bounded on the south by latitude 39 N, on the north
by latitude 42 N, on the east by longitude 105 W, and on the west by
longitude 180 W.1 This band is allocated on a secondary basis to the
amateur service subject to not causing harmful interference to, and not
receiving protection from any interference due to the operation of,
industrial, scientific and medical devices, automatic vehicle monitoring
systems or Government stations authorized in this band.
- (2) No amateur station shall transmit from those portions of the States of
Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31 41' N, on the north by
latitude 34 30' N, on the east by longitude 104 11' W, and on the west by
longitude 107 30' W.
(h) No amateur station transmitting in the 23 cm band, the 3 cm band,
the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment
and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference to, nor is
protected from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by
other nations in the radiolocation service.
(i) In the 1240-1260 MHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations in the radionavigation-satellite service, the aeronautical
radionavigation service, or the radiolocation service.
(j) In the 13 cm band:
- (1) The amateur service is allocated on a secondary basis in all ITU
Regions. In ITU Region 1, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, and is not protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed service. In
ITU Regions 2 and 3, no station shall cause harmful interference to, and is
not protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the fixed, mobile and radiolocation
services.
- (2) In the United States, the 2300-2310 MHz segment is allocated to
the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the Government fixed and
mobile services. In this segment, the fixed and mobile services must not
cause harmful interference to the amateur service. No amateur station
transmitting in the 2400-2450 MHz segment is protected from interference
due to the operation of industrial, scientific and medical devices on
2450 MHz.
(k) No amateur station transmitting in the 3.332-3.339 GHz and 3.3458-
3525 GHz segments, the 2.5 mm band, the 144.68-144.98 GHz, 145.45-145.75
GHz and 146.82-147.12 GHz segments and the 343-348 GHz segment shall cause
harmful interference to stations in the radio astronomy service. No amateur
station transmitting in the 300-302 GHz, 324-326 GHz, 345-347 GHz, 363-365
GHz and 379-381 GHz segments shall cause harmful interference to stations
in the space research service (passive) or Earth exploration-satellite
service (passive).
(l) In the 9 cm band:
- (1) In ITU Regions 2 and 3, the band is allocated to the amateur
service on a secondary basis.
- (2) In the United States, the band is allocated to the amateur service
on a co-secondary basis with the non-Government radiolocation service.
- (3) In the 3.3-3.4 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and fixed-satellite
service.
- (4) In the 3.4-3.5 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and fixed-satellite
service.
(m) In the 5 cm band:
- (1) In the 5.650-5.725 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in all ITU Regions on a co-secondary basis with the space research (deep
space) service.
- (2) In the 5.725-5.850 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in all ITU Regions on a secondary basis. No amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed-satellite
service in ITU Region 1.
- (3) No amateur station transmitting in the 5.725-5.875 GHz segment is
protected from interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific
and medical devices operating on 5.8 GHz.
- (4) In the 5.650-5.850 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the radiolocation
service.
- (5) In the 5.850-5.925 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in ITU Region 2 on a co-secondary basis with the radiolocation service. In
the United States, the segment is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis to the non-Government fixed-satellite service. No amateur
station shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations
in the fixed, fixed-satellite and mobile services. No amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to
the operation of, stations in the non-Government fixed-satellite service.
(n) In the 3 cm band:
- (1) In the United States, the 3 cm band is allocated to the amateur
service on a co-secondary basis with the non-government radiolocation
service.
- (2) In the 10.00-10.45 GHz segment in ITU Regions 1 and 3, no amateur
station shall cause interference to, nor is protected from interference due
to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and
mobile services.
(o) No amateur station transmitting in the 1.2 cm band is protected from
interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific and medical
devices on 24.125 GHz. In the United States, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment is
allocated to the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the non-
government radiolocation and Government and non-government Earth
exploration-satellite (active) services.
(p) The 2.5 mm band is allocated to the amateur service on a secondary
basis. No amateur station transmitting in this band shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations in the fixed, inter-satellite and mobile services.
(q) No amateur station transmitting in the 244-246 GHz segment of the 1
mm band is protected from interference due to the operation of industrial,
scientific and medical devices on 245 GHz.
(a) An amateur station may transmit a CW emission on any frequency
authorized to the control operator.
(b) A station may transmit a test emission on any frequency authorized
to the control operator for brief periods for experimental purposes, except
that no pulse modulation emission may be transmitted on any frequency where
pulse is not specifically authorized.
(c) A station may transmit the following emission types on the frequencies
indicated, as authorized to the control operator, subject to the standards
specified in 97.307(f) of this part.
Wavelength Frequencies Emission Types Standards See
band Authorized S97.307(f), paragraph:
MF:
160 m Entire band RTTY, data (3)
-do- -do- Phone, image (1), (2)
HF:
80 m Entire band RTTY, data (3), (9)
75 m Entire band Phone, image (1), (2)
40 m 7.000-7.100 MHz RTTY, data (3), (9)
-do- 7.075-7.100 MHz Phone, image (1), (2), (9), (11)
-do- 7.100-7.150 MHz RTTY, data (3), (9)
-do- 7.150-7.300 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
30 m Entire band RTTY, data (3)
20 m 14.00-14.15 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 14.15-14.35 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
17 m 18.068-18.110 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 18.110-18.168 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
15 m 21.0-21.2 MHz RTTY, data (3), (9)
-do- 21.20-21.45 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
12 m 24.89-24.93 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 24.93-24.99 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
10 m 28.0-28.3 MHz RTTY, data (4)
-do- 28.3-28.5 MHz Phone, image (1), (2), (10)
-do- 28.5-29.0 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
-do- 29.0-29.7 MHz Phone, image (2)
VHF:
6 m 50.1-51.0 MHz RTTY, data (5)
-do- -do- MCW, phone, image (2)
-do- 51.0-54.0 MHz RTTY, data, test (5), (8)
-do- -do- MCW, phone, image (2)
2 m 144.1-148.0 MHz RTTY, data, test (5), (8)
-do- -do- MCW, phone, image (2)
1.25 m 219-220 MHz Data (13)
-do- Entire band RTTY, data, test (6), (8)
-do- -do- MCW, phone, image (2)
UHF:
70 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (6), (8)
33 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
23 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), (12)
13 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
SHF:
9 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
5 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
3 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), (12)
1.2 cm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
EHF:
6 mm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
4 mm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
2.5 mm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
2 mm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
1 mm Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
-- Above 300 GHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), (12)
(a) No amateur station transmission shall occupy more bandwidth than
necessary for the information rate and emission type being transmitted, in
accordance with good amateur practice.
(b) Emissions resulting from modulation must be confined to the band or
segment available to the control operator. Emissions outside the necessary
bandwidth must not cause splatter or keyclick interference to operations on
adjacent frequencies.
(c) All spurious emissions from a station transmitter must be reduced to
the greatest extent practicable. If any spurious emission, including
chassis or power line radiation, causes harmful interference to the
reception of another radio station, the licensee of the interfering amateur
station is required to take steps to eliminate the interference, in
accordance with good engineering practice.
(d) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station transmitter
or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency below 30 MHz
must not exceed 50 mW and must be at least 40 dB below the mean power of
the fundamental emission. For a transmitter of mean power less than 5 W,
the attenuation must be at least 30 dB. A transmitter built before April
15, 1977, or first marketed before January 1, 1978, is exempt from this
requirement.
(e) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station transmitter
or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency between 30-225
MHz must be at least 60 dB below the mean power of the fundamental. For a
transmitter having a mean power of 25 W or less, the mean power of any
spurious emission supplied to the antenna transmission line must not exceed
25 uW and must be at least 40 dB below the mean power of the fundamental
emission, but need not be reduced below the power of 10 uW. A transmitter
built before April 15, 1977, or first marketed before January 1, 1978, is
exempt from this requirement.
(f) The following standards and limitations apply to transmissions on
the frequencies specified in 97.305(c) of this Part.
- (1) No angle-modulated emission may have a modulation index greater
than 1 at the highest modulation frequency.
- (2) No non-phone emission shall exceed the bandwidth of a
communications quality phone emission of the same modulation type. The
total bandwidth of an independent sideband emission (having B as the first
symbol), or a multiplexed image and phone emission, shall not exceed that
of a communications quality A3E emission.
- (3) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital code listed
in 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate must not
exceed 300 bauds, or for frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift
between mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
- (4) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital code listed
in 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate must not
exceed 1200 bauds. For frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between
mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
- (5) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol
rate must not exceed 19.6 kilobauds. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission
using an unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in S
97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized bandwidth is
20 kHz.
- (6) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate
must not exceed 56 kilobauds. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in 97.309(b) of
this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized bandwidth is 100 kHz.
- (7) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in 97.309(a) of this Part or an unspecified digital code
under the limitations listed in 97.309(b) of this Part may be
transmitted.
- (8) A RTTY or data emission having designators with A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2, 7 or 9 as the second symbol; and D
or W as the third symbol is also authorized.
- (9) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or Technician
Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code.
- (10) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code or phone emissions J3E and R3E.
- (11) Phone and image emissions may be transmitted only by stations
located in ITU Regions 1 and 3, and by stations located within ITU Region 2
that are west of 130 West longitude or south of 20 North latitude.
- (12) Emission F8E may be transmitted.
- (13) A data emission using an unspecified digital code under the
limitations listed in 97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The
authorized bandwidth is 100 kHz.
(a) Where authorized by 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this Part, an
amateur station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using the following
specified digital codes:
- (1) The 5-unit, start-stop, International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2,
code defined in International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative
Committee Recommendation F.1, Division C (commonly known as Baudot).
- (2) The 7-unit code, specified in International Radio Consultative
Committee Recommendation CCIR 476-2 (1978), 476-3 (1982), 476-4 (1986) or
625 (1986) (commonly known as AMTOR).
- (3) The 7-unit code defined in American National Standards Institute
X3.4-1977 or International Alphabet No. 5 defined in International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee Recommendation T.50 or in
International Organization for Standardization, International Standard ISO
646 (1983), and extensions as provided for in CCITT Recommendation T.61
(Malaga-Torremolinos, 1984) (commonly known as ASCII).
- (4) An amateur station transmitting a RTTY or data emission using a
digital code specified in this paragraph may use any technique whose
technical characteristics have been documented publicly, such as CLOVER, G-
TOR, or PacTOR, for the purpose of facilitating communications.
(b) Where authorized by 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this Part, a
station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using an unspecified digital
code, except to a station in a country with which the United States does
not have an agreement permitting the code to be used. RTTY and data
emissions using unspecified digital codes must not be transmitted for the
purpose of obscuring the meaning of any communication. When deemed
necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with the FCC Rules, a station
must:
- (1) Cease the transmission using the unspecified digital code;
- (2) Restrict transmissions of any digital code to the extent
instructed;
- (3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original information, of all
digital communications transmitted.
(a) SS emission transmissions by an amateur station are authorized only
for communications between points within areas where the amateur service is
regulated by the FCC. SS emission transmissions must not be used for the
purpose of obscuring the meaning of any communication.
(b) Stations transmitting SS emission must not cause harmful
interference to stations employing other authorized emissions, and must
accept all interference caused by stations employing other authorized
emissions. For the purposes of this paragraph, unintended triggering of
carrier operated repeaters is not considered to be harmful interference.
(c) Only the following types of SS emission transmissions are authorized
(hybrid SS emission transmissions involving both spreading techniques are
prohibited):
- (1) Frequency hopping where the carrier of the transmitted signal is
modulated with unciphered information and changes frequency at fixed
intervals under the direction of a high speed code sequence.
- (2) Direct sequence where the information is modulo-2 added to a high
speed code sequence. The combined information and code are then used to
modulate the RF carrier. The high speed code sequence dominates the
modulation function, and is the direct cause of the wide spreading of the
transmitted signal.
(d) The only spreading sequences that are authorized are from the output
of one binary linear feedback shift register (which may be implemented in
hardware or software).
- (1) Only the following sets of connections may be used:
Number of stages Taps used
in shift register in feedback
7 7, 1.
13 13, 4, 3, and 1.
19 19, 5, 2, and 1.
- (2) The shift register must not be reset other than by its feedback
during an individual transmission. The shift register output sequence must
be used without alteration.
- (3) The output of the last stage of the binary linear feedback shift
register must be used as follows:
- (i) For frequency hopping transmissions using x frequencies, n
consecutive bits from the shift register must be used to select the next
frequency from a list of frequencies sorted in ascending order. Each
consecutive frequency must be selected by a consecutive block of n bits.
(Where n is the smallest integer greater than log2X.)
- (ii) For direct sequence transmissions using m-ary modulation,
consecutive blocks of log2 m bits from the shift register must be used to
select the transmitted signal during each interval.
(e) The station records must document all SS emission transmissions and
must be retained for a period of 1 year following the last entry. The
station records must include sufficient information to enable the FCC,
using the information contained therein, to demodulate all transmissions.
The station records must contain at least the following:
- (1) A technical description of the transmitted signal;
- (2) Pertinent parameters describing the transmitted signal including
the frequency or frequencies of operation and, where applicable, the chip
rate, the code rate, the spreading function, the transmission protocol(s)
including the method of achieving synchronization, and the modulation type;
- (3) A general description of the type of information being conveyed
(voice, text, memory dump, facsimile, television, etc.);
- (4) The method and, if applicable, the frequency or frequencies used
for station identification; and
- (5) The date of beginning and the date of ending use of each type of
transmitted signal.
(f) When deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with this Part,
a station licensee must:
- (1) Cease SS emission transmissions;
- (2) Restrict SS emission transmissions to the extent instructed; and
- (3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original information (voice,
text, image, etc.) of all spread spectrum communications transmitted.
(g) The transmitter power must not exceed 100 W.
(a) An amateur station must use the minimum transmitter power necessary
to carry out the desired communications.
(b) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 1.5 kW
PEP.
(c) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 200 W PEP
on:
- (1) The 3.675-3.725 MHz, 7.10-7.15 MHz, 10.10-10.15 MHz and 21.1-21.2
MHz segments;
- (2) The 28.1-28.5 MHz segment when the control operator is a Novice or
Technician operator; or
- (3) The 7.050-7.075 MHz segment when the station is within ITU
Regions 1 or 3.
(d) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 25 W PEP
on the VHF 1.25 m band when the control operator is a Novice operator.
(e) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 5 W PEP
on the UHF 23 cm band when the control operator is a Novice operator.
(f) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP
on the UHF 70 cm band from an area specified in footnote US7 to S 2.106 of
the FCC Rules, unless expressly authorized by the FCC after mutual
agreement, on a case-by-case basis, between the EIC of the applicable field
facility and the military area frequency coordinator at the applicable
military base. An Earth station or telecommand station, however, may
transmit on the 435-438 MHz segment with a maximum of 611 W effective
radiated power (1 kW equivalent isotropically radiated power) without the
authorization otherwise required. The transmitting antenna elevation angle
between the lower half-power (3 dB relative to the peak or antenna bore
sight) point and the horizon must always be greater than 10 .
(g) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 watts
PEP on the 33 cm band from within 241 km of the boundaries of the White
Sands Missile Range. Its boundaries are those portions of Texas and New
Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31 41' North, on the east by
longitude 104 11' West, on the north by latitude 34 30' North, and on the
west by longitude 107 30' West.
(h) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP
on the 219-220 MHz segment of the 1.25 m band.
(a) No more than 1 unit of 1 model of an external RF power amplifier
capable of operation below 144 MHz may be constructed or modified during
any calendar year by an amateur operator for use at a station without a
grant of type acceptance. No amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz
may be constructed or modified by a non-amateur operator without a grant of
type acceptance from the FCC.
(b) Any external RF power amplifier or external RF power amplifier kit
(see S 2.815 of the FCC Rules), manufactured, imported or modified for use
in a station or attached at any station must be type accepted for use in
the amateur service in accordance with Subpart J of Part 2 of the FCC
Rules. This requirement does not apply if one or more of the following
conditions are met:
- (1) The amplifier is not capable of operation on frequencies below 144
MHz. For the purpose of this part, an amplifier will be deemed to be
incapable of operation below 144 MHz if it is not capable of being easily
modified to increase its amplification characteristics below 120 MHz and
either:
- (i) The mean output power of the amplifier decreases, as frequency
decreases from 144 MHz, to a point where 0 dB or less gain is exhibited at
120 MHz; or
- (ii) The amplifier is not capable of amplifying signals below 120
MHz even for brief periods without sustaining permanent damage to its
amplification circuitry.
- (2) The amplifier was manufactured before April 28, 1978, and has been
issued a marketing waiver by the FCC, or the amplifier was purchased before
April 28, 1978, by an amateur operator for use at that amateur operator's
station.
- (3) The amplifier was:
- (i) Constructed by the licensee, not from an external RF power
amplifier kit, for use at the licensee's station; or
- (ii) Modified by the licensee for use at the licensee's station.
- (4) The amplifier is sold by an amateur operator to another amateur
operator or to a dealer.
- (5) The amplifier is purchased in used condition by an equipment
dealer from an amateur operator and the amplifier is further sold to
another amateur operator for use at that operator's station.
(c) A list of type accepted equipment may be inspected at FCC
headquarters in Washington, DC or at any FCC field location. Any external
RF power amplifier appearing on this list as type accepted for use in the
amateur service may be marketed for use in the amateur service.
(a) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must satisfy the
spurious emission standards of 97.307(d) or (e) of this Part, as
applicable, when the amplifier is:
- (1) Operated at its full output power;
- (2) Placed in the "standby" or "off" positions, but still connected to
the transmitter; and
- (3) Driven with at least 50 W mean RF input power (unless higher drive
level is specified).
(b) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must not be
capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies between 24 MHz and 35
MHz. The amplifier will be deemed incapable of such operation if it:
- (1) Exhibits no more than 6 dB gain between 24 MHz and 26 MHz and
between 28 MHz and 35 MHz. (This gain will be determined by the ratio of
the input RF driving signal (mean power measurement) to the mean RF output
power of the amplifier); and
- (2) Exhibits no amplification (0 dB gain) between 26 MHz and 28 MHz.
(c) Type acceptance may be denied when denial would prevent the use of
these amplifiers in services other than the amateur service. The following
features will result in dismissal or denial of an application for the type
acceptance:
- (1) Any accessible wiring which, when altered, would permit operation
of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
- (2) Circuit boards or similar circuitry to facilitate the addition of
components to change the amplifier's operating characteristics in a manner
contrary to the FCC Rules;
- (3) Instructions for operation or modification of the amplifier in a
manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
- (4) Any internal or external controls or adjustments to facilitate
operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
- (5) Any internal RF sensing circuitry or any external switch, the
purpose of which is to place the amplifier in the transmit mode;
- (6) The incorporation of more gain in the amplifier than is necessary
to operate in the amateur service; for purposes of this paragraph, the
amplifier must:
- (i) Not be capable of achieving designed output power when driven
with less than 40 W mean RF input power;
- (ii) Not be capable of amplifying the input RF driving signal by
more than 15 dB, unless the amplifier has a designed transmitter power of
less than 1.5 kW (in such a case, gain must be reduced by the same number
of dB as the transmitter power relationship to 1.5 kW; This gain limitation
is determined by the ratio of the input RF driving signal to the RF output
power of the amplifier where both signals are expressed in peak envelope
power or mean power);
- (iii) Not exhibit more gain than permitted by paragraph (c)(6)(ii)
of this Section when driven by an RF input signal of less than 50 W mean
power; and
- (iv) Be capable of sustained operation at its designed power level.
- (7) Any attenuation in the input of the amplifier which, when removed
or modified, would permit the amplifier to function at its designed
transmitter power when driven by an RF frequency input signal of less than
50 W mean power; or
- (8) Any other features designed to facilitate operation in a
telecommunication service other than the Amateur Radio Services, such as
the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service.